ZMZ-513: zvekushandisa maitiro, mapikicha uye wongororo

Zavolzhye Engine Plant vakatanga kushanda mune yokutanga yezana remakore rechi20. muna 1950 pamusana rokutengesa, zvakava pachena kuti vade zvachose vasipo. Injini havana zvinodiwa ano kuti kuisa pamusoro rinorema mavhiri uye yakawana nemotokari. Plant Kutarisira akasarudza kuva siyana injini nokuda Automotive indasitiri. Chaiva budiriro chaiye. Pashure pezvose, yakanga iri nguva yokutanga yaikweviwa V-zvakaumbwa sepombi munyika. Ngatidzokororei inokosha magadzirirwo inoratidza ZMZ-513, injini zvekushandisa maitiro, zvakanakira nekuipira.

tsananguro

Kusika Zavolzhsky Plant injini V-zvakaumbwa mirairo kugadzira kusundwa rwizi. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti injini anozvikudza kwazvo hwokugadzira uye simba unhu. Engine aine 195 horsepower ari matsva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda ane 3-nokukurumidza zvokuzvisarudzira. Panyaya iyi, simba chikwata anogona ukuparadze sezvo Diesel uye peturu huni, waiva nyore kwazvo.

Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti injini ZMZ-513 vakava dzakakurumbira dzinovaraidza. Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvikuru nevanhu uye vakatsvaka-pashure mudzimba michini, izvo kunyange panguva ino yakarongwa kuti wakasiyana michina mikuru. Ngatiitei vanyatsonzwisisa mashoko 513th womuenzaniso, iyo yainzi imwe yenzvimbo kubudirira nguva yaro.

Design inoratidza ZMZ-513

Vamwe maindasitiri, chaiwo zvinodiwa kuti motokari pamuchinjikwa-nyika. Zviri iyi yakasimbiswa muenzaniso ZMZ-513. injini ichi anoiswa pamusoro motokari akadai Gas-53, 66, 3307, et unto. Saka, muenzaniso uyu akakodzera unyanzvi kuti avhareji kutakura. Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi chokuti 513th akanga asina kukwana. Aiva tsvarakadenga inokosha pachiri kuti akapa taisireva panguva kushanda. Chokwadi chokuti chete storey untuned yaunodya zhinji yakanga akapa pamasikiro. Izvi ouinjiniya mhinduro zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti panguva mudzimu nesimba chikwata kuumbwa chokubuda pulsation. Izviwo, kwakakanganisa zvarinoita kunaka huni mhepo nezvakasanganiswa.

Magadzirirwo ZMZ-513

Chokutanga, chii kuita vagadziri - ndiyo kugadzirwa rinokosha pani uye kudzivirirwa kushandisa magetsi. Zvinokwanisika kushandisa injini munharaunda utsinye. Kakawanda, ZMZ-513 yaishandiswa motokari zvechiuto, zvokurima michina uye nemarori diki.

Sezvambotaurwa mashoma pamusoro, ichi injini Magadzirirwo nyore chaizvo, asi zvikuru hwakavimbika. V8 ichi, vhoriyamu 4.25 fő, pa 3 400 nokumukirana / miniti unobereka anenge 97 KW, izvo anoita mujenya. Nokuti nguva idzodzo hwaiva chikwata simba chaizvo - 125 litres. a. Chokwadi, ano womukati combustion injini vakaoneka kure mberi. Zvino nepavaigona kubva 1.5 zvemaBhaibheri 300 mabhiza uye zvakawanda. Compression reshiyo - 8.5, rinogona kunzi mwero, asi mafuta vapera pakarepo hunoshamisa. Kana recalculated ave chikamu peturu, zvinoitika anenge 0.5 dzakabatana. Pasinei chokwadi kuti injini uyu aiva mumwe wokupedzisira, izvo zvakabudiswa muSoviet Union, nhasi iye nevakawanda.

Structural motokari pokuperevedza

Sezvambotaurwa mashoma pamusoro, zviri zvikuru yakavimbika simba Unit, iro rakagadzirirwa kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. Asi chine zvainovhiringidzawo ayo, izvo zvinowanzoitika panguva isina kutombokodzera nguva. Somuenzaniso, kana motokari iri rakaiswa panguva necheparutivi, ipapo tatanga injini achava zvakaoma. Tinofanira nguva dzose podgazovyvat. On flat pamusoro hakuna dambudziko rakadaro. Kutanga Cold - kuti vachiri zvakaoma. Kana Starter injini ukabata, uye munyika injini iri rakatanga, shure vaviri mumasekonzi, iye nematanga. Idling mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro aiminama. Hazvina varumbidzwa kunetesa injini, sezvo izvi zvinotungamirira donje vari chiutsi nenyere uye kuwedzera huni rinodyiwa.

Kakawanda mhaka mhosva pamusoro Motors ZMZ-511/513 iri dandemutande. lining raro nemhepo. The rutsigiro pano mumwe chete - yokutsiva. Kazhinji pashure paizvozvo zvose matambudziko apere, uye simba chikwata anotanga kushanda se clockwork.

Kuvimbika muumwe

chete nzira shoma unogona kuzadzisa yakakwirira mwero rakavimbika:

• kushandisa zvinoumba unhu hwakanaka;
• kurerutsa nemamiriro injini;
• kuvandudza peungano.

Chii chakaitika ari Soviet Union? Key mashoko aiva yakakwana unhu. Asi zvikuru ini akatambura kukodzera. mainjiniya zveSoviet kuita kunonyanyisa unhu wayo injini kwaiitwa pasina zvinetso.

Sepokutangira injini chezvakaipa aruminiyamu chiwanikwa yaishandiswa. Sezvo V-zvakaumbwa injini, rine mbiri musoro humburumbira pamwe kuondomoka rworwendo 90. mumwe chete camshaft inopiwa magadzirirwo. Pakarepo pakati misoro vagadziri vakaisa yaunodya zvawanda. It Dzakaumbawo carburetor, Sefa nevamwe ebetsero gadziriro. mafuta pombi inomira kumashure ZMZ, pamberi - mvura (pombi). The jenareta uye pombi kushanda vachishandisa mumwe V-bhandi nemotokari kubva crankshaft.

Crankshaft uye pisitoni

Sezvikonzero nokuda crankshaft ductile simbi yave kushandiswa, ayo Uyezve doped pamwe magnesium. With veMubatanidzwa mamwe okunatsiridza ari injini crankshaft magazini kwakaita mukukutu. Crankpins dhayamita 60 neMM, uye mudzi - 70 mm. Nokudaro, vaviri mafuta chisimbiso akanga inopiwa marongerwo, mumwe ari pamberi undovakira wechipiri crankshaft. Yokutanga yakaitwa ane rabha, samopodzhimnogo mhando, wechipiri - kubva asbestos netambo.

Pistons 513 ZMZ-kukanda aruminiyamu chiwanikwa. Ndivo nyore ari kugadzirwa kwayo, vane sandarara pasi. The dhayamita of pisitoni ndiyo 92 neMM, uye 5 kugadzirisa hukuru inopiwa. Naizvozvo, injini inogona otkapitalit nguva zhinji. On the pisitoni ane nhatu dzazvinogara grooves: zviviri pasi compression zvindori, mumwe - itsvedzerere.

Mafuta uye lubrication hurongwa

In muenzaniso wokutanga kwaasingasvikiri iyi injini akagadzawo carburettors K-126, izvo mberi nokuda low kunyatsoshanda kunge kutsiviwa K-135. Vazhinji motokari varidzi vari upgrading kugadzwa injini ndiyo mari zvikuru mafuta hurongwa. Carburetors inoshandiswa Dual kamuri, sezvo mumwe humburumbira kubva vakaparadzana makamuri pave mafuta. Pedyo rakanaka firita yaiva.

Akatasva injini chinogumbura imwe kana maviri-chidimbu giya mhando mafuta pombi. Kwete zvikuru sarudzo, asi zvakakwana kuita uye maintainability. The Pombi rinosundwa kwebasa camshaft, uye kudya mafuta sump nhengo mafuta mugamuchiri akashandiswa. Kana inonzwika apo mafuta injini. Zvadaro rose nguva anoita injini, taishandisa dzakasiyana-siyana filters. Chokutanga, undoisa Centrifugal Sefa uye renguva kuyerera, uye parizvino kushandisa bvisika Sefa Kufananidzira, iri nyore zvikuru uye kunobatsira. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti injini ichi ane anobudirira zvikuru hurongwa kudzivirira mafuta nzara. Kana Pombi akamira, ipapo akagura mbambo rake nemotokari, ukuwo, yose womukati injini akamira uye nokudaro rakaramba.

Anodzokorora vatyairi uye nyanzvi

With Panyaya zvakataurwa ruzivo vatyairi, chinhu pamusoro injini ichi, vakawanda chokwadi. Kunyanya, cherechedza nyore womukati injini yayo panzvimbo yakakwirira zvekuvaka zvakakodzera kuvariritira uye zvakakodzera. ZMZ-513 nguva zhinji uprated kushandiswa iri motokari zvechiuto. Shanduka compression kuti ushande rinochiwedzera pamwe yakaderera octane. izvi zvose zvinoratidza zvinogona chikuru Soviet V-zvakaumbwa masere.

Vatyairi vakawanda vanoti kuti injini ichi hachisi pasina zvaunokanganisa. Asi iye maintainable chaizvo. Saka vose zvakafanira zvishandiso, dambudziko aigona kugadziriswa mumunda uri ibvi. With michini ano, riri basa zvemagetsi zvose, nzira iyi haisi kushanda. Kazhinji, rechi13 pakati vatyairi rudo uye vazhinji kunyange nhasi rinoshandiswa nokuda kwayo pasi yokuzvigadzirisa mutengo.

Zvishoma pamusoro patani

Nhasi, chinowanzoonekwa yakaiswa injector. ZMZ-513 ane mafuta wedzerai hurongwa anova mari yakawanda uye yakatsiga. Kana carburetor pane mukuru tembiricha mugungwa zvakatungamirira peturu Kubika uye overheating pamusoro mafuta romugove hurongwa, kuti injectors vane dambudziko rakadaro vasipo.

Sezvo kutanga zvimwe haana zvikuru uye, kunyange zvazvo nguva zvakawanda, vatyairi vazhinji akachinjwa motokari. Kuti aite izvi, isu kutora zvikamu kubva chete ZMZ, chete gare gare okunatsiridza. Zvekushandisa kupindira kwakadaro kunogona dzinoongororwa somunhu overhaul wakakwana, asi zvekuvaka chando yakawedzera vanenge 35%. Saka, mari apedza shure kutsanya zvakakwana.

Kwakakodzera uye nokungwarira oparesheni

Chero injini inoda kwenguva nenguva uye akaronga zvikuru kugadziridza. Asi kana kurongwa hwokugadzira basa rinofanira kuitwa ose 20,000 km zvichienderana nesimba Unit, zvino kana nguva yasvika kapitalki, izvozvo zvinoenderana mutyairi. Kuti maximize upenyu injini inokurudzirwa:

• nguva yokuchinja mafuta munyika uye kuongorora ayo chechetere;
• nguva nenguva aongorore kutonhora hurongwa kudzivirira overheating;
• edza kushandisa 513th munyoro.

izvi zvose kuchakubatsira kuwedzera upenyu anoverengeka motokari. Ichokwadi, hatifaniri hazvibatanidzi zvinobvira magadzirirwo zvikanganiso uye kugadzira kuremara. izvi zvose zvaitika, asi kakawanda kupfuura 13th dzakabvarurwa nokuda kushaya akakodzera yokuzvigadzirisa. Tsiva chinotsva, mafuta uye mhepo Sefa chaizvoizvo asina kuoma zvakadaro. Asi panguva imwe chete, chiito nyore ichi huchavandudzika emuchina uye kuderedza huni rinodyiwa.

mhedziso

Kunyange nhasi, zvikuru kakawanda akaisa ZMZ-513 UAZ. Pashure pezvose, ane zvakarurama diki kukura uye usingashandi Electronics. Kusavapo yokupedzisira anenge kwakakwana inoita nyore uye zvakananga kuti kuramba, kunyange ruzivo motorman. injini ichi akafanirwa yakakwirira kurumbidzwa pakati zhinji mumhuri nyanzvi. Hazvishamisi, kunyange nhasi kubudisa womukati combustion injini kuti chakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Izvi zvinenge zvinoratidza zvikuru zvinogona. Pashure pezvose vachiziva vakakundikana chirongwa, hakuna kutanga.

Panguva iyoyo tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti kazhinji kunotanga zvezvipfuwo zvinoriumba, uye zvikamu zvakadai pistons, zvinogumbura uye zvakawanda, kunosiya zvakawanda anodikamwa. Naizvozvo, dzimwe dziri akatengwa kubva kune dzimwe vagadziri. Izvi mberi runogonesa rakanaka reungano uye injini rakavimbika. Kushandiswa ano zvoga midziyo uyewo papfungwa basa.

Kazhinji, asi ZMZ-513 injini, hunhu dzatakurukura vakakodzera kufarirwa. Kana kushandisa simba chirimwa nemazvo, regai kusapfuudza zvinobvumidzwa mitoro, kucherechedza Maitiro mashoko basa, ipapo muchashumira nokutendeka kwenguva refu. Kana yasvika nguva unofanira kugadziridza zvikuru, hapana chakaipa kuti. Parts mari iyi nyaya angangotadza kuva pamusoro 15 zviuru rubles.