Zvirimwa nemhuka dzenharaunda yeKhelyabinsk: photo uye tsanangudzo. The Red Book yeChelyabinsk Region

Chelyabinsk Region iri munzvimbo yeSouth Urals, pamuganhu wemativi maviri epasi - Asia neEurope, mumoyo we continent yakakura yeEurasia. Zvinonzwisisika, mamiriro ekunze pano ari continental, ane nguva yakawanda yechando (inowanzoJanuary yechando inosvika 17-18 degrees) uye yechando inotonhora yezhizha (inenge yeJuly yechando inosvika 16-19 degrees). Mamiriro ekunze anotambudzwa neUral Mountains, uye kuvapo kwemvura zhinji uye nzizi.

Nzvimbo nhatu dzepanyika munzvimbo

Zvirimwa nemhuka dzenharaunda yeChelyabinsk, nhamba yavo nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zviri mavari mazviri nhasi, zvinokonzerwa nenzvimbo nzvimbo uye ukuru hwemahara.

Chimiro chekuChelyabinsk munharaunda inomiririrwa nenzvimbo nhatu - gomo regomo, masango-steppe uye steppe. Fauna nemaruva zvinowanikwa maererano nemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Taiga, broadleaf nemasango akavhengana, pamwe nemhuka dzinofanana, dziri mumakomo emakomo, dzimwe mhando dzemhuka dzinowanikwa munzvimbo yavo yemhuka - mumakungwa nemipata yehova dze Southern Urals. Musango wekudyara unotora mahekita maviri mahekitare, kana kupfuura makumi maviri nemashanu kubva munzvimbo iyo. Kumusoro kuchamhembe kune nzvimbo kune aspen-birch nemasango emapine, nzvimbo inokosha inobatanidzwa nemasango, uye kumaodzanyemba kune uswa-uswa huno.

Kutarisira zvisikwa

Mhuka dzeChelyabinsk dzakawanda kwazvo. Saka, munharaunda kune marudzi anopfuura makumi matanhatu ezvipfuwo. Mukuwedzera, pane mazana matatu ezvisikwa (80% ayo ari kunya) uye 60 marudzi ehove. Amphibians uye zvinokambaira munharaunda yacho zvakanyora zvinopfuura 20 marudzi. Iri sangano nderimwe rematongerwe enyika zvakanyanya muRussia Federation. Kufambira mberi munharaunda ino kunopesana nemafuta nemhuka, saka mhando dzakawanda dzemiti nemhuka zvakanyorwa muRubhuku Rwenyika. Asi, zvichida nokuti imwe chegumi yenharaunda iyo iri pasi pekudzivirirwa, uye munzvimbo yehekta 1000 inenge iri mahara uye mapaki emunyika, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedzwa kwekuvhima uye yezvokudya, mhuka yemhuka yeChelyabinsk nzvimbo haina kubviswa. Mukuru uye akakurumbira ndiye Ilmen State Reserve, yakatangwa muna 1920. Nharaunda yaro iri 30.3 ma hekta.

Rapporteurs uye Artiodactyls

Mhuka dzeChelyabinsk dzinomiririrwa nemhando dzinotevera. Kubva kurongwa hwezvikara zvinenge kune mhuri dzezvipenga, zvigunwe, mhembwa nembwa. Kunyanya vakawanda vamiririri vemhuri yevadiki - munharaunda ikoko kune badger, otter. Kune mermine nemumatanda, matanda marten uye weasel, America, Europe uye Siberian burrows, uyewo steppe ferret. Zvimwe zvezvikara zvemhuri zvinomiririrwa ne trot, bhiza rakabhururuka, mhumhi, mbatya yemukoko uye imbwa raccoon. Kubva muboka rezvikara zvakasungirirwa, Siberian roe deer, maziso anoona, elk nemhuka yemhuka zvinowanikwa pano.

Vamiririri vemhuka yemhuka yenharaunda yacho

Sezvatatoona, mhuka dzenharaunda yeKhelyabinsk dzakawanda kwazvo. Nokudaro, mabheti ari munharaunda mazita misoro 500-600, uye lynxes - 150-200, mabheta - 1500-2000 misoro.

Pamakumbo ezvipfuwo, pamwe nehuwandu hwakawanda hwemakwenzi, kune maruva, mazinya uye mapurisa. Kunyanya yakawandisa zvakamiririra ndeye mhuri dzehunye (insectivorous) uye hamster (makonzo).

Kuora mwoyo maonero

Mhuka dzeChelyabinsk (chinyorwa uye tsanangudzo dzinoona pasi apa), zvakadai semuskrat weRussia, zvinotyisidzirwa kupera zvachose. Zvinonakidza kuti muzana remakore rechina reXIX iyo nzvimbo yakanyatsobatanidzwa mumamiriro emhuka yemhuka. Zvadaro kutaurwa kwemisangano pamwe naye kwakanyangarika zvachose. Mumakumi mashanu ezana remakore rapfuura, basa rakatanga pairi re-acclimatization. Nhasi nhamba iri munharaunda haina kuzivikanwa. Izvi zvisingawaniki zvemhuri yehonye, iyo inonziwo khokhly, yakazadzirwa neRed Book Book yeChelyabinsk. Mhuka, dzakadai sedman reRussia uye otter river, kugara pedyo nemhenderekedzo yemakungwa maduku , vanhu vakwegura, ruvulets ine simba risina simba. Mhenderekedzo yacho inofanira kuva yakawanda uye yakazara nemiti, pamwe chete neyakakodzera yekuchera masango, mukova unogara uri pasi pemvura. Kudzika kwegungwa hakufaniri kudarika mamita matatu. Iyo inodyisa maperembudzi, mollusks, zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana. Mumucheka we muskrat weRussia kubva pa1 kusvika kumakamuri mashanu, asi kazhinji 2-3.

Zvitsuwa zvinotyisa zvekuChelyabinsk

Munharaunda kune mauto anenge makumi mashanu emamiririri ane chepfu ane ruvara. Njodzi yavo kune vanhu nemhuka inokonzerwa nekuti ine zvinyorwa zvealkaloids uye glycosides, pamwe chete nemakemikari akaoma mumhando yemashiki yemashiki uye resin.

Belenas yakasviba. Inogona kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: mukichini midhizha, pamakamuri asina kufanira, mumigwagwa. Dhimoni mbeu uye mashizha umo hyoscyamine uye scopolamine zviripo zvakanyanya. Aya alkaloids anovhiringidza nheyo yenheyo.
Hearthless hedgehogs. Iyo inoninipisa uye inokura kwose kwose. Zvose zvirimwa zvinouraya. Kubva kuAlkaloids, zvizhinji zvacho zvinosanganisira coneya, zvichikonzera kutyisa kwakanyanya, kazhinji kupedzisira kuuraya.

Chinhu chikuru chinotyisa. Inoitika mumvura ine mvura. Zvinonyangadza zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zve cicutotoxin.

Chii chinonzi Red Book uye nei chinodiwa ?

Sei vamiririri vemaruva nemhuka zvakanyorwa mubhuku rino, nokuti haisi mutemo wekudzivirirwa kwezvisikwa? Zviri nyore, iyo muto wayo unotyisa unoita kuti vanhu vafunge nezvezvisikwa zvipenyu. Bhuku racho, rine chifukidzo chitsvuku, rine mapeji ane mavara-mavara. Mapeji matsvuku anosanganisira mazita ezvisikwa zvakanyangarika zvachose. Mapeji matsvuku ane mazita evanhu vashoma uye vane pangozi (bison, mbiru tsvuku, nezvimwewo). Pamapeji mashomanana iwe unogona kuziva nezvemhando, iyo inowanikwa nokukurumidza (polar bears, pink flamingos). Mhuka nemiti dzeRoabhu Bhuku reChelyabinsk, sezvimwe zvikamu, zvakagadzirwa pamapeji matsvene, zvinotarisa kune zvisikwa, izvo zvisikwa zvisingambove zvakawanda. Vamiririri vashoma vanozivikanwa yemafuta nemhuka, dziri munzvimbo dzisingachagoneki dzinoiswa pamapeji akachena. Kunewo mapeji matsvuku mubhuku. Izvo zvine mazita emhuka izvo munhu akakwanisa kuponesa kubva pakuparara, somuenzaniso, elk uye rwizi beaver.

Nguva yose yekuchinja bhuku

Pamuganhu wekupera kune marudzi akawanda emakuru, uye kwete chete. Bhuku ReRubvu rweNharaunda yeChelyabinsk rakanyanyisa. Mhuka dzakabatwa mairi, dzinoreva mhuka dzeshiri uye shiri, zvinokambaira uye mhuka dzomukati, hove, zvipembenene uye mollusks. Kunewo mbeu uye mushwa mairi.

Los uye rwizi beaver inowanikwa mhuka dzeChelyabinsk. Asi ivo nguva nenguva vanowira muRubhuku Bhuku. Dhiyabhorosi mairi nguva yose inoshanduka, kutanga, nokuti sayenzi haigoni kumira, uye mamwe mashoko asingazivikanwi anowanikwa kare, uye mazita evamwe vamiririri vemafuta nemhuka dzinopfuura kubva peji yemumwe ruvara kusvika kune rumwe rutivi, somuenzaniso, mune imwe nyaya yakaderera Vagari vevanhu, kana zvimwewo.

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, kune zvikamu zvitatu zvepanyama munzvimbo munharaunda yacho. Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vangani vamiririri vemiti iri pamatope eSouth Urals, kana chete mbeu 377 yemiti inosanganiswa muRubhuku Rwenharaunda yeChelyabinsk Region, uye mubhuku idzva rakabudiswa muna December 2015, nhamba yavo yakawedzerwa.

Zvipfeko zvakasiyana-siyana

Kumusoro kweRwizi Ui pine, aspen uye birch zvinokura. Husi-feather grass steppes anotambanudza pasi peiyo rwizi. Ikoko ndiko kukura kwemhando dzakadai dzinoda kudzivirirwa, semaruva-mhashu uye Siberian phlox. Mazita akanaka kwazvo kubva kune zvakadaro zvisingadikanwi seYurope yekushambidza suit neAltai windmill. Zvinokwanisika kucherechedzawo mhuka dzakadaro dzakatangidzika se-lobe mbiri-mashizha, nenyuchi yeAicicular, shoe yeVenus, uye mazana emamwe.

Chirongwa chakakosha kune vafudzi vemombe

Nzvimbo yakakurumbira zvikuru ine mahara asingashamisi ndeye Avito. Mhuka (Chelyabinsk region) inomiririrwa mune zvakawanda. Kazhinji inorongwa kutengesa imbwa, makati, marara, shiri uye zvinhu zvavari. Nekubatsira kwepaiti yese munhu angasarudza pfu.

Chisarudzo chikuru - kuti uzive nayo, zvakakosha kupedza nguva yakati. Panzvimbo yaunogona kubvumirana pakutenga kwete chete mombe, asiwo mhuka dzepurazi.