A turbofan injini PD-14 nokurondedzerwa, nokuenzanisa bvunzo, shandisa

Panguva ino, zvipfuwo ndege indasitiri ari emarudzi "Limbo" mamiriro: rumwe rutivi, ndizvo, rumwe - hapana ndege ano dzavasinei nadzo mumhuri kukura mumakore apfuura, hatina kumboona. Uye "Super Jet" hakuiti kuverenga, sezvo kubva Russia - chete "sikurudhiraivha gungano". Tariro ndege indasitiri ndiye evocation pakati PD-14 injini unhu (kuenzaniswa analogues) hunoita kuti kudana mumwe dzakanakisisa mumakore achangopfuura.

The Developers vanotarisira kuti kugadzwa injini itsva kupfuura zvakanaka kukanganisa mamiriro yose mumhuri avhiyesheni bhizimisi uye achabatsira kuti chisikwa mabasa matsva akawanda.

The purojekiti itsva

Chii kazhinji akasika itsva injini PD-14? Features (Kuenzanisa nezvavatorwa mienzaniso) ano injini Russian zvakadai kuti kudiwa kuti vave chinhu idzva. The vagadziri ngamirirwa pfungwa kusika simba chirimwa, izvo richaramba kukudziridza uye kuvaka ndege yavo inokwana 130 kusvika 180 zvigaro. The chete mutakurwi motokari womukirasi kwayo uye zvakazara Russian mavambo - Tu-214. kugadzirwa kwayo batch duku mberi nhasi.

Asi izvi ndege chimbichimbi hazvikwani, tinoda midziyo kuti dzifambirane yose rengarava munyika. Asi kuita izvi pasina injini hutsva - zvachose hazviiti. For hwokugadzira nokurondedzerwa uye zvinogonekwa havasi chii havafaniri kukurirwa vazvo kubva vagadziri kutungamirira nyika.

Kazhinji, nokuda achangopfuura Ukrainian zviitiko uye atsamwira ukama ari maindasitiri nemauto vose venyika rakakwana, zvikuru kukosha injini PD-14 (nokurondedzerwa, kuenzanisa - munyaya ino) Uyewo mune zvinoumba chizere kumutsidzirwa magadzirirwo uye anogadzira zvinhu gasi turbine injini munyika yedu. Mukuwedzera, mukufamba kwaro pakagadzwa kuronga kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru akawanda:

• Complete kugadzirisa yevagari avhiyesheni indasitiri kuburikidza reallocating mabasa uye kubatanidzwa mune chirongwa vatambi vatsva.
• Pakupedzisira, zviri akaronga kugovera nzvimbo basa uye kusikazve kupesana basa mumunda zvaAtemisi avhiyesheni zvigadzirwa, iyo rakaparadzwa zvachose panguva kuparara Soviet Union.
• Uyewo, basa racho creators vari kuverenga pamusoro pokumuka itsva polymeric uye rinoumba zvokuvakisa, izvo chaizvo kudiwa ano Aerospace indasitiri.

Ayakaita?

Pfungwa yokuti nyika kukurumidza kunzwirwa mutsva ndege injini, akaberekwa pakadzika "Aircraft Engine", apo mhepo yakanga kutanga 2000. Nguva apo zvakanga zvakaoma, asi nokuti chokwadi chirongwa ichi, vashoma vakatenda.

Asi sangano vanachiremba munguva ino nokungwarira uye zvinechinangwa vakadzidza nyika ruzivo kweShanduro michini, uyewo kuongorora kumusika zvezvipfuwo motokari, achiedza kufanotaura kworudzii gwenya mhando iri wehurumende avhiyesheni indasitiri zviri kumusoro kudiwa. Chii chaizvo zvinofanira dzinounzwa injini PD-14? Features (enzanisa uye kusiyana) pamwe vatorwa ivhu Vaingovawo kuratidza ayo anozivikanwa ukuru.

Sei? Hazvina nyore. Mumazuva iwayo, zvibereko vagadziri yokumwe ndege kuti "kusunda" misika yedu chaizvo hasha nzira. Haiwa, mune diki nechiyero vakabatsira ichi, uye mamwe mamaneja. Nhasi, nokuda zvirango, nyaya haisi kudaro akakodzera. Uyezve, hurumende pachayo "pakarepo" kufarira zvinobvira mudzimba kugadzirwa injini. Saka boka "Aircraft Engine" ipapo nokukurumidza akashandura pfungwa zvose wechipfuwo uye dzimwe nhau.

The chikuru zvebasa racho

The huru basa panguva iyoyo kugovera zvinogamuchirika cost, iyo yaizova chigadzirwa zvechokwadi vakatanga kutenga nokushingaira. Panguva iyoyo pfungwa kuumba rakabatana uye zvakasikwa gasi jenareta. Kana akabudirira, ipapo nyika yedu achakwanisa kusika guru mazita vayo maindasitiri zvokushandisa, izvo zvisingagoni asi kufara.

Ndechipi turbofan injini, misimboti

How kunyatsonzwisisa zvazvakanakira inopiwa itsva turbofan injini? Nheyo anoita zvose yakafanana michini akafanana, asi nokuti nyaya zvinofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama, nekuti zvimwe angangotadza kunzwisisa zvakanakira michina mitsva.

Turbofan mumabhuku kunotaurwa injini rurefu yokunzvenga reshiyo. The runoratidza ndiyo kuvapo guru dhayamita kurudza kuburikidza iyo nepano muinjini nguva huru chaizvo bhuku mhepo. Nokuda guru ukuru zvikamu injini chokunze kamwene kazhinji anova zvakare "akakura", asi nokuti pfupi. Kuti saka hapana ngozi mhepo mhirizhonga pamasikiro zvinosanganisira Vanes, izvo kuzodzosera mhepo chekubuda musanganiswa iri achida mirayiridzo.

Saizvozvowo, pachishandiswa ayo nezviito zvakasimba nowenyika chombo chinoita zvokukandwa michini, asi kuerera nokusanganisa pavo kushanda kwete kuchengetwa. Kunakisa turbofan injini ndechokuti ndege exiting kubva chombo "nenyere", muchiitiko ichi, chimwezve rusero Muruoko rwake anobata chirukiso, ndiro tsime rine simba vaise. Kuti pave hapana asingasviki 70-80% yose inowanwa traction. Saka, ndege injini PD-14 ndiyo mari zvikuru. Yomukati gandiwa pamusoro injini anenge zvachose akadzokorora namaapuro chitundumuseremusere yokutevedzera, asi avo matanho kare "yakasanganiswa" vari dzinoshandisa-chichisairirwa.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

Sezvo nezvose "hama" ndege injini PD-14 ane zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa mumativi. Pakati ayo zvinokwaniswa zvinosanganisira yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda, izvo zvinoita kushandisa zvikuru simba izvi miti kunyange-refu dhonza pakutengeserana.

Nezvaanazvo zvaunokanganisa? Chinonyanya kukosha - guru kwazvo pakukura uye vakadzikama uremu. Pasinei nezvakanakisisa zvingaedzwa mainjiniya uye masayendisiti, turbofan injini zvinopa zvinokosha kurwisa kune motokari wokufema kutizirako. Zvinofungirwa kuti dambudziko iri zvichapedzwa kana pane nzira kuderedza uchitikurudzira miganhu dzavo.

okufananidza misiyano

The itsva turbofan injini, nheyo iri rakafanana "chekare" kune epamba yokutevedzera, asi akasiyana zvikuru avo vamutangira. Chokwadi, misiyano "ne ziso" zvinoonekwa chete mainjiniya. Kana iwe enzanisa pamwe muenzaniso PS-90A (IL-96, Tu-214, Il-76), ndiko pakarepo kuoneka, musatya shoko, mumwe Qualitative achikwakuka iri rwokugadzirwa kwacho uye zvichibvira.

Yokunzvenga reshiyo yakawedzera chaizvo kaviri, gasi tembiricha pamukova kuti turbine pakarepo yakawedzera kusvika 100 K, zvachose mwero compression (mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana) yakawedzera 20-50%. In tichienzanisa yataurwa pamusoro apa marudzi wechipfuwo michini, itsva ndege injini PD-14 kunoita kuti kuponesa vanenge 12-16% yakawanda mafuta.

uremu mari

Kokutanga mudzimba vehurumende ndege injini magadzirirwo michina inoshandiswa kugadzirwa mhango turbine kupfuura madzinde mukuru-simba titanium alloys.

Izvi zvinopa kurema aponese 30%, zvachose ndege itsva injini PD-14 iri akwanise munenge 10%. Uyewo panguva Perm Motor Plant zvino nyanzvi mabikirwo kugadzirwa chete-sekristaro turbine mashizha kushanda. Zvinonzi nzira iyi achabvumira kusimudzira uchishandisa tembiricha iri gasi kusvikira 2000 K.

Mukuwedzera, wokutanga mudzimba vagadziri pamasikiro uye anogadzira zvinhu injini kuenda kushandisa kuti uwandu polymer zvinoumba zvinhu. With izvozvo nzira kwete yekudyidzana chete zvinoderedza injini uremu asi kunowedzerawo rayo simba uye kuramba overloads.

Kukosha injini itsva

Sezvatakamboreva chaipo panotangira nyaya, haugoni kusika ndege itsva chinhu, kwete kutanga zvitsva pre-cursors. With azvino kugadziridzwa zvose zvishoma nezvishoma: bvunzo injini PD-14 muchimiro kweHurumende achakurumidza kutanga vachiongorora ... Asi chii mhando mota achaiswa vakagadzirira navo?

Zvinofungirwa kuti kunyanya Motors izvi zvichakurukurwa akasika MS-21 ndege (hunde, muzana remakore rechi21). Kana izvi zviri kuitika kuti chinozoiswa, ipapo tinogona kutaura pamusoro budiriro chaiye, kokutanga kubva Soviet nguva munyika yedu ichaparadzwa zvechokwadi akasika chinhu chitsva. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, wacho Russian injini PD-14 achasika zvakawanda yose ndege itsva yakagadzirwa kuti aite somunhu-refu dhonza Flights uye nzvimbo yomunyika mitsetse. Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura, mumwe nomumwe akati kuti ndege Russian kuva vakagadzirira chete chete kupinza injini. Today kwakaratidza kuti sezvinei handizvo.

Chii michina vari kuenda Akavashongedzera?

Nechekare nhasi zviri pachena kuti mutsva rakabatana gwenya magadzirirwo kunoita kuti kushandiswa zvinobudirira kwete mutakurwi, asiwo senga ndege. Sezvo ndeyokubvisa sezvandaigona matani 14, muenzaniso uyu anogona kuiswa pa MS-21-200 / 300/400. Zvirokwazvo vachabvumirwa kupedza IL-76 uye IL-214. Pane ruzivo pamusoro kutanga kwezvisikwa chinotokurudzira simba zvikuru shanduro imwe chezano matani 18, ndiro PD-18. Mwari akaronga kuti kushandiswa pamusoro Tu-214 ndege uye IL-96. Isu kuyeuchidza kuti vose michina aya vakagadzirira pamwe chete "oldies" PS-90A.

Uyewo Developers mashoko watopiwa asarudza, uye kuumba chiedza shanduro injini ichi ine chezano matani gumi. Tinogona kufungidzira kuti richashandiswa pagadzirwe murefu "Superjet" kutenga injini iyo France zvino hapana anoda. Pakupedzisira, ndipo zvakare kumisa chaiwo, Helicopter shanduro injini, izvo zvichazadziswa pamwe yakakurumbira chokufambisa "mhou", iye herikoputa Mi-26.

Nanhasi, iri kugadzirwa Michini izvi akashandiswa Ukrainian injini D-136. Kunyange rokutanga Masvomhu anoratidza kuti aivapo zvinodiwa injini avo kunopfuura zvakakwana kufukidza vose mari, vakanga vawana panguva kukura itsva rwokugadzira. Zvinonzi aronga kumutsa anopfuura mabhiriyoni 70 rubles pamusoro upfumi, hafu yavo - kubva batana bhajeti. Zvapedzisira ezvinhu anoratidza sei chirongwa ichi kunodikanwa kuti nyika.

Chii chakaipa yekare PS90-A?

The Newest Injini kuti MS-21, PD-14 - chizvarwa chitsva Turbo-Prop injini. Uyezve, inowirirana zvakakwana chete pfupi yekare okunatsiridza ndege. yakakodzerwa Saka "mhare" pamusoro IL-76, ari mazuvaano iro ari kuzviita kubva gore rakapera, apo yakaiswa pamusoro injini itsva iyo inogona kubhururuka kubva mumari shoma zviuru zvemaawa. Uyezve, anogona kuwedzera kutiza siyana kubva zvina zviuru zvishanu makiromita, pasina mutoro uye daro zvichawedzera chiuru makiromita, uye mafuta vapera ipfupi munenge 14%. The yokupedzisira kunonyanya kukosha, nokuti nekuvongwa iye, kuchaderedza mari rokutakura munhu tani kuti zvinhu kamwechete nokuda 10%.

Saka, injini yekare, kodzero akashumira dzavo nguva kuvhiyiwa uye muhurukuro USSR kusvikira anoita basa rayo, asi zvinodiwa ano, haachadi zvinonyatsoenderana. Dambudziko huru - matunhu mafuta zvinodyiwa uye kwakawedzera ruzha. Pfungwa, yave ichizivikanwa kwenguva refu, asi chesamende matanho kugadzirisa zvinhu uye Kutanga injini itsva yakaitwa chete ikozvino. Hazvina kunaka kuti chete zvino vakanga ose anodiwa zvishandiso kuti basa.

Official ruzivo pamusoro mberi

Pamutemo, injini yave iri kukura kubva 2008, asi chaizvoizvo kuvaka yake unyanzvi chikwata vagadziri vakatanga shure muna 1999.

Muna 2012, kekutanga kuungana zvizere Demo shanduro. Panguva iyoyo paiva ndichibvunza debugging gasifier mugadziriro, wakakumikidza chikuru matambudziko vagadziri. To musi, zvikanganiso zvose zvakaiswa vakabudirira chapedzwa. Nokuti kokutanga Perm injini kwakatangwa pakati 2012. Panguva iyo vagadziri vakawana kuti mukuru design zvinokosheswa zvinoenderana hunoshanda hunowanika, ayo mamwe zvakasimbisa kutenda kwavo muna kudiwa rakamiswa kugadzirwa injini matsva.

Bench nemiedzo pakutanga vakaronga kupedzwa makore matatu apfuura, asi nokuda zvimwe matambudziko pane uchapupu hwokuti vari kuramba muchikamu kusvikira nhasi. Zvinotarisirwa kuti gore rino uchatanga vakawanda kugadzirwa, uye nokuda kwegore Permian Ngaaunganidze injini itsva asingasviki maviri kana matatu kwete dhazeni. Uye - zvishomanana, sezvo mudzimba aviator vanodavira kuti pane mamiriro dziine Flights kubudikidza 2019, injini ndege yaifanira ari titanic kumhanya - 200 zvinhu mumwedzi 12. Tinovimba kuti zvipfuwo indasitiri achakwanisa "kudhonza" racho.

Zvakadini MS-21?

Nokuti yokutanga mashoko nguva kutanga basa musi kugadzirwa ndege itsva yakatanga kusvika pakutanga gore rapera. To musi, zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva Irkutsk ndege chirimwa ndotodururwa inounganidzwa nokuda Hull wokutanga idzva wechipfuwo airliner, riri nani kuzivikanwa pasi "ndibatsireiwo" zita Yak-242 muna zvakavapoteredza.

Bapiro nedzimwe zvinoumba zvinhu unganidzwa muna Ulyanovsk. Kazhinji kacho akatotanga akasvika Irkutsk. Domestic vezvenhau vane vamiririri dzavo zvebhizimisi, zvakasimba akavimbisa kuti chokutanga bhodhi achakwanisa kukwira chirimo ichi mudenga. Zvinonzi kuti mugadziri anotova yakasimba 175 zvibvumirano pakuvaka uye kugoverwa MS-21. Vatengi vari masangano makuru, izvo zvinosanganisira kunyange Sberbank, zvokurimisa hurukuro ndege itsva anoreva nhema.

Panewo mashoko anogona anowedzera akarayira mumwe 100 ndege iyi mhando, izvo uchashumira mudzimba kwete chete, asiwo vashanduri dzokumwe sezvo vatengi. shoko Izvi zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe, nokuti kokupedzisira munhu aifarira yedu mutakurwi ndege chete nguva veSoviet.

Kukosha MS-21 chirongwa ndechokuti - wokutanga uye chete mumhuri ndege, wakasika vakazvimiririra uye pasina kushandisa tsaru nokushanda Union of nguva, kuti haashandisi dzimwe zvinoriumba. On ndege chamber ndege yokutanga pane chiratidzo ichi achabudiswa chete pashure yokupedzisira kupera yamarudzi ose kutiza uye bhenji nemiedzo, izvo kuramba nhasi.

zvakawanikwa

Saka, aizobudirira injini itsva - maari nechisimba chaiyo mhiri nezvipfuwo bhizimisi uye, zvikurukuru, vehurumende ndege. With Panyaya kudiwa Motors izvi, zviri zvikuru. Ane kare mudzimba vatakuri vanoti kuda kuita kutenga decommissioned kupinza ndege, mumwe zvekuvaka iyo inenge aneta. Asi apo zvipfuwo indasitiri kugona kudzibayira chinhu akakodzera.

Nhasi kune injini uye ndege. Sezvo pamusoro mamiriro edu hwatenderwa, mikana kutenga chinhu kunze kwenyika hazvisi, uye Skyrocketing Gengi asingadi kuwedzera Kukwezva chisarudzo ichi. Saka kuti National chirongwa ane mikana yakawanda. Tinovimba kuti indasitiri haangakusii uye uchakwanisa kupa vagadziri ose anodiwa nenhumbi.