Helianthus annuus: Zvinoumba kurimwa, tsananguro uye mhando

Zvinoshamisawo tarisa yakanaka mumunda nemaringazuva - zvinomera, panamafundo akafanana zuva pamwe nevana mifananidzo. Ichi chishamiso yendarama-yellow hazvisi chete kukuru kwayo chitarisiko, uyewo kubatsira chaizvo.

Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro chii chinonzi sunflower. Annual kana perennial uri chirimwa, mamiriro ezvinhu umo inokura, ndedzipi mhando, mhando, uchadzidza nokuriverenga.

History okuwana sunflower mafuta akatanga muEngland mukupera nemasere remakore. Kubvira ipapo, mumwe siyana akatunhidzwa sunflower mhando, izvo rinobatanidza yakakwirira kuramba tupukanana siyana uye zvirwere.

tsananguro

Helianthus annuus - ichi ndicho chinokosha munyika oilseeds. Wirirana uye chaizvo vakashandisa agronomic unyanzvi, rinobatsirawo chaizvo uye yakaorera. Kwete chinhu Heraldry sunflower ruva rinofananidzira kubudirira uye kubereka. Uyezve, zvinoshamisa yakafanana zuva chirimwa chero ekunze chero nzvimbo anosika rakajeka uye noushamwari.

Sunflower rapera muna zvinenge zvose yakaorera zvokurima nzvimbo sezvo mbishi mashoko pagadzirwe yepamusoro muriwo mafuta. Uye rinoshandisirwa sezvo nectariferous, somushonga uye zvishongo chirimwa.

Zvakaratidza kuti pane chimwe kujairika adzo - Sunflower tuber. It anonzi romuriwo chirimwa.

tsananguro

Helianthus annuus (Asteraceae) - muti ane akanaka midzi, panongova kukurumidza kukura muvhu kusvika 140 masendimita (uye Mamiriro ezvinhu - uye anosvika 5 metres) uye vaifanira upamhi -. 120 masendimita chirimwa Woody chokumisa matunhu (richisvika akakwirira uye 4 metres), akafukidza vhudzi. Oval mashizha akaita somwoyo yakakura, rwakavakwa mazano.

Inflorescence kuti sunflower - vazhinji-flowered tswanda (mumafuta marudzi ane dhayamita pamusoro 15-20 cm) ane zvishoma convex kana sandara disk. maruva Large riri kumucheto - asexual, nerutsanga, yellow-orenji uye zvachose kufukidza medial mudziyo - zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi, tubular, kukura substantially duku.

Uye zvikuru mbeu dzakawanda aibva sunflower. Annual herbaceous chirimwa ane muchero achenes, zvinosanganisira panozogadzirika uye nevamwe. mbeu Sunflower zvine avhareji 22-27% ramafuta, ukuwo yakanakisisa mhando - 46% kana kupfuura. Imwe tswanda, zvichienderana nemhando uye hunhu kutarisirwa sunflower, ane kubva 200 kusvika 7000 achenes.

It ane kwazvo semushonga (astringent, antiphlogistic uye nezvimwewo.), Helianthus annuus. The yokuita ruva: * A (5) T (5) A1.

Sunflower muRussia

Sunflower - randinenge chirimwa pamusoro inowanzorimwa uye masango inowanzorimwa munyika dzine pasi chero okunze. Yose Russia zvinokonzerwa anenge 70% zvirimwa zvose munyika. chirimwa ichi ndicho chikuru oilseed zvirimwa dzabudapo Russia. Kubva mbeu dzayo, nyika inobereka dzinodyiwa uye maindasitiri anonhuwirira.

Vakasara kubudiswa chiri haana akarasika; bagasse akashandiswa pakugadzirira chikafu mhuka purazi; vakawana kubva potashi dota kubva pemashanga uye mupfudze; chirefu kupfuura mugwaro (3-4 m) pamwe chihombe munyoro guru kurimwa somunhu silage chirimwa.

nhoroondo nemagariro

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo hwomuti ndiyo nzvimbo wokumaodzanyemba North America. In Russia Helianthus annuus pamusoro kwakamboitwa muzana remakore rechi18 nechekare kubva Western Europe. Pakutanga zvakanga vazvinorimirwa sechinhu Sora chirimwa, asi vakazotanga kushandisa mbeu sunflower sechinhu vaitire, maererano nako akatanga ake zvakawanda akaberekwa ari minda neminda yemiti.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti kurima sunflower kwakafanana miti yemiorivhi mumunda zvirimwa Rinobatanidzwa ne zita murimi mudiki-serf Bokarev, kutanga yakatanga muna 1835 mafuta mairi.

Kunyanya zvikuru sunflower chirimwa zvaizoparadzirwa pakutanga muna Voronezh uye Saratov, uye gare gare mumimwe kumatunhu Russian.

Helianthus annuus: upenyu fomu

Chisiri negore kukudziridzwa sunflower vanokamurwa muzvikwata 3:

• gryzovye kuva achenes makuru ane diki neerekitironi, uye saka vane yakaderera mafuta kugutsikana. The pericarp of sunflower is warrior layer chirimwa ichi zvisinei tichishandisa kukuvaradzwa nyore sunflower chitemamachira nehonye;

• oilseeds muri achenes maduku warrior rukoko muna pericarp;

• flaxes anomirira Transitional siyana pakati oilseeds uye gryzovymi mhando.

MuRussia, chikuru maindasitiri mubereko marudzi akasiyana oilseed sunflower.

About sunflower mhando

Helianthus annuus ane zvakasiyana-siyana nemarudzi kurimwa munguva yedu, zvizere zvaidiwa zvinodiwa aripo kugadzirwa.

Kusiyanisa mangwanani-achikura akasiyana nepakati-uye. Pane dzinoita kuti anoshandiswa nevakawanda vashongedze munda uye Park munzvimbo. Below vari muchidimbu akauya mamwe chakajairika mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana nemaringazuva.

Early-achikura mhando

Sunflower albatross ndiye chinozikamwa zvawo huri kumusoro mafuta kugutsikana. The-siyana kwemvura nemishonga, kwete amenable nechirwere uye kukuvadza kubva zvipukanana. Zvakakwana anopindura dzakawanda nzira kurimwa. siyana Izvi inokura kusvika 195 masendimita kureba.

Busuluk rine mafuta 54% mune mbeu. Dzakaparadzana nzara mugwaro uye ane yakatsiga goho riri okunze akasiyana. Zvinoda kuberekesa fetiraiza uye unhu kurima. kukwirira kwayo kunosvika 168 cm.

Mid-vegiredhi

The flagship siyana ane yakawanda chirimwa. The mafuta tigutsikane mairi - 55%. Quite akakura chirimwa, richisvika 206 cm.

Favorit nevamwe vakuru mafuta kugutsikana - 53%. giredhi siyana uye husingakwanisi hydrolytic kuora mafuta, maererano nako vakawana mbishi acho ane pasi asidhi nhamba. Plant rinokura kuva masendimita 200 mudenga.

Tenzi mukuru zvibereko cultivar rine 54 achenes% mafuta. Zvinofadza nayo anopindura pakatanga fetiraiza zvakakodzera.

All emarudzi aya vysokotolerantny kuti Phomopsis husingakwanisi broomrape, kuti sunflower zvipfukuto venhema powdery nokuora.

A vakasvimha sunflower tuber (Jerusalem artichoke)

Izvi mhando akura sezvo zvokudya, hwokugadzira kana decoration tsika. Chirimwa chinokura zvakanaka zvikuru kumaodzanyemba mumamirire ekunze. Izvi imhaka yokuti ake kukwegura kunoitika chete kubva September kusvika November, zvichienderana-siyana. Jerusarema artichoke goho matani 35 tubers vakura muzana hectare.

Pane imwe chirimwa zvinoberekwa kuyambuka - topinsolnechnik. Tubers hombe denderedzwa rine sunflower.

Kukudziridza sunflower: Conditions

Chirimwa akabvunza nevhu, iyo yakanakisisa kwaari chernozem vari loam, loamy, vapfumi-siyana muviri. Kukodzera jecha nevhu. Excellent Precursors nokuti sunflower vari chitubu bhari, chando gorosi, chibage nebhinzi. Zvakare panzvimbo imwe sunflower kudzvarwa hapana yapfuura pane makore 7-9. Hazvina zvakafanira kudyara panzvimbo mumakore gore ichikura mudzi zvirimwa Jerusarema artichoke perennial rekushongedzesa, kureva pashure zvirimwa zvakafanana zvirwere.

Sunflower anopindura zvakanaka fetiraiza. The tupukanana zvinomera zvikuru ngozi wireworms, ngoko-Krawczyk, shiponoska, sunflower barbel. Against tupukanana uye zvirwere (chena ora uye ngura) kushandisa dzakasiyana: agronomic, zvemakemikari uye nomuviri.

yokudyara

Sezvo kukudziridzwa Helianthus annuus? Kukura kubva mbeu zvakananga musango - huru nzira. Rinogona kudyarwa uye pre-vakagadzirira mizambiringa yakabva kumwe.

Kushandiswa kudyara mbeu akasunungura mhando pamwe chaizvo mukuru kumera uye kudyara zvimwe unhu hwakanaka. Mbeu kazhinji kuva calibrated, nekuti ndicho chete kukura uye zvakafanana ushamwari matavi, uye anowedzera yauinayo.

Iva nechokwadi kuti vachidyara sunflower pashure kudziyisa ivhu rinofanira kuitwa kuti +10 ... +12 ° C, zvimwe pachava zvinoderedza mbeu goho.

zviri kuziva

Helianthus annuus rapera rose. Asi sunflower - Russian chirimwa kwechokwadi kuzivikanwa kwose. An chinokosha kumaruwa nzvimbo dziri tsvuku maruva aya pamwe dema, riri pamusoro pakati mbeu.

Mugore German dingindira Park Europa-Park (Germany guru uye yechipiri muna Europe maererano Vashanyi) ane Russian vematunhu, apo nemaringazuva kukura. Uye muna Berlin, mune imwe nzvimbo zvayo, zhizha rinopedza "Sunflower inovhiringidza": sunflower mumunda oma migwagwa. MuAustria pane paki pamwe nemaringazuva miti izvi, uye zvakasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu uye mhando.

mhedziso

Yakakura minda akafukidza maruva nemaringazuva yendarama, anotarira wakajeka, inopenya uye anofara kunyange asina kunaka ekunze. Vaya vanoda vashongedze infield dzavo uye kusika chete inopenya, unodziya uye anofara mhepo unogona kushandisa yakanaka decoration nemaringazuva wepagore.

Vane zvinoshamisa fluffy maruva tsvuku, riri inenge mbeu asingaoneki. Kunyange mugwaro vavo zvakanaka zvinyoronyoro mazita: Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear, Teddy Bear. Zvechokwadi, ruva riri chendarama akashambidzika bhora, zvakawanda sezvinoita mbava pompom. nemaringazuva izvi, rine asi chinoshamisa Kutarira maruva mibhedha uye refu Blooming.

Izvi akanaka vane mwero ruva inopenya tsvuku petals kunounza kubindu zvikuru chiedza, yakachena uye yakawanda zuva simba.