A wakaiswa kubatanidza mapfupa ... Chii kubatana mapfupa vari wakaiswa?

Mapfupa nomumwe muviri chokuita rimwe chete marangwanda tsandanyama, mapfupa, cartilages. Ravanopa rokuumba uye simba, uye kakawanda, uye kufamba. Inenge zvose mapfupa ari mumuviri womunhu articulated zvakananga mumwe.

Mhando maererano mapfupa

Kune 3 mhando kubatana pakati mapfupa: wakaiswa, mobile uye Semi-mhanya. Kumbova rusununguko kunobva mhando uye maumbirwo zvinyama yaiva pakati mapfupa. Zvinogona kubatanidza navo omei, zvinopa mashoma kusanduka connectivity kana zvakawanda inofamba:

1. Achiri mukomboni mapfupa ruchigona kuumbwa kuburikidza Fusion kwavo, maitire nokuda shoma kufamba kwake vasina kana mufambo diki.
2. Compounds dziripo Semi-mhanya pakati mira uye Mobile kubatana.
3. For mobile kwokubatana ndivo majoini, ivo ndivo hurongwa rwokufamba pamuviri.

munhu wakaiswa kubatana

A wakaiswa kubatanidza ane mapfupa dehenya uye chiuno munhu. The majoini pakati pavo munhu mutete rukoko pakati unobatanidza musono kana shwashwa. Kufunga mukomboni chimiro, pane vazvo toothed, flat uye flake. Vose vari munzvimbo dehenya mapfupa uye kuziva cushioning kushanda panguva kufamba.

Nokuda kuti munhu wakaiswa kubatana ane mapfupa dehenya mapfupa kuidzivirira kubva okunze kunze uropi uye kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati, uyewo zvinoumba pameso hazvishandi. The chete kunze vari kutamira temporomandibular nizhechelyustnye majoini kuti kubatanidza dehenya pamwe rezasi shaya.

The nemamiriro dehenya mapfupa

Munguva dehenya pane 2 mapoka makuru:

• Mumwe wavo, uropi inovakwa 8 mapfupa kuti kuchengetedza pfungwa uye yomukati nzeve. mafupa ake ose interconnected akaturikidzana ose fibrous zvinyama - majoini.
• A chiso ine mapfupa 14, apo mhuno, muromo uye maziso. Mapfupa chiso nharaunda zvaraireva chepfungwa chiso chomunhu. The nasal mhango iri huviri zvakafanana, ichibata sezvikamu osteochondral septum. Mhou outgrowths akadana turbinates, kumanikidzwa unyatsoshanda kuuya mhepo uye ushamwari yakasvinwa, vachisiya mucous guruva uye utachiona. Izvi kunozarura ari sinuses.

A wakaiswa kubatana repfupa ane mutete paiva fibrous zvinyama, iyo wakakurira basa guruu. Zviri gobvu fibrous inotungamirwa unoita kuti immobile. yakatarwa kubatana kwakadaro mapfupa anonzi synarthrosis. Synarthrosis zvinowanikwa dehenya, zvakadai majoini ake connective zvinyama pakati pavo. Ndizvo sei pamwe nemumwe mapfupa dehenya uye meno yakabvooka shaya.

Semi-zvinofamba remubatanidzwa

Muvanhu, 7 remuromo vertebrae, izvo pane vaviri yepamusoro Atlanta uye axial. Atlanta - rin'i bhero, izvo unobereka yose kurema dzevanhu dehenya. zita rake, nenzira, riri kuna ngano titan akabata pamafudzi ake kwedenga. Zviri Vongai nekunyatsotsanangura pakati atirasi pamwe dehenya, munhu anogona Unogutsurira musoro uchiti. A vertebra axial kana epistrophe anoumba pamusoro zino, pakavakirwa rotates pamwe atirasi dehenya.

Batanidza Semi-zvinofamba mapfupa ndiyo shwashwa, asi shwashwa mukobvu pane kudzika mhango. Limited mufambo pamusoro yeimwe izvi imhaka shwashwa ndiro uye kwakavharwa nenyama netambo.

Synchondrosises - kwokubatana munhu Semi-kufambisa pakati mapfupa chidukuduku mwero mufambo. Shwashwa yeimwe dzinotambura mufambo nokuda elasticity ari shwashwa, mapfupa tichisunga. Somuenzaniso, ari Semi-zvinofamba vadyi pakati pfupa ane Pubic symphysis, nokuvhara mberi chiuno uye musana discs. The shwashwa masero dzakaparadzaniswa intercellular fuma kuti kazhinji anoumba yakasimba puranga, kuubvumira kuita kunyorerana, kutsigira uye kudzivirira basa.

cartilaginous kubatana

Kune mhando dzakawanda shwashwa:

1. Hyaline (rinoonekera) - rakajairika. Ndiye simba kwazvo, mvere, rinokwanisa kucheneruka. Anoumba munhu marangwanda kachangobva kunambwa uye vakura - chikamu mbabvu, rutsigiro kufema uye articulated mapfupa articular hukawanika. Sezvineiwo, fetus marangwanda rinoumbwa ainyanya ane anonzwisisa shwashwa akadaro, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma achikura kuva pfupa tishu. Vakasara shwashwa pakati diaphysis uye epiphyses ossify chete makore 25. Mukuwedzera, kwete vose ossified shwashwa marangwanda. Anoramba ari articular hukawanika mapfupa, mhuno uye nenzeve.
2. The fibrous (fibrous) - whitish ruvara. Rine zvimwe collagen fibers uye nezvimiro yeimwe dzisina kufamba, akadai unobva intervertebral discs. Izvi cartilaginous intervertebral discs anogona compressed zvishoma curl, asi kupa mukana wokushandiswa pamusoro musana nokuda kwayo multiplicity.
3. Kwakavharwa nenyama (mambure) - yellowish ruvara. Mupepa vazhinji elastin fibers, izvo anohupa kunzwisisa. Anoumba marangwanda Nzeve uye huro.

Collagen - a Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka kwazvo uye kusanduka zvinhu, inova hwaro vakawanda connective munyama kuti batanidza, mugove, uye kudzivirira zvinokosha zvomukati. Izvi zvinosanganisira pfupa, shwashwa, fibrous tishu.

A wakaiswa kubatanidza mapfupa: Mienzaniso

Kutaura yakatarwa kubatana mapfupa, unofanira kurega pamusoro synostosis kuti aumba kubva syndesmoses uye synchondrosises nezera. Panyaya iyi, iyo connective zvinyama kana shwashwa pakati mapfupa vamwe kuva pfupa.

Saka, mapfupa pelvic bhanhire - muenzaniso sei mapfupa vari yakatarwa kubatana. Idzowo chinhu muchimiro mbiya, uye nokudzivirira nhengo kutsigira rezasi dumbu. bhandi ichi angakudzivisai zvikuru mitoro pamagaro pamwe mhango zvakadzika zvikuru kupfuura bandauko, saka zviri zvikuru itsige.

Somuenzaniso, coccyx rinoumbwa 3-5 wokugaya vertebrae vari fused nezera iri chete mativi pfupa. Mumwe muenzaniso synostosis protrude vashoma vazvo kana nenhova zvinopinda mucheche. Ichi vasiri synostosis.

Asi zvimwe zvirwere pfupa Ossificação em ari mudziyo kwete chete shwashwa rinenge anogona kuitika, asi vamwe mapfundo. Izvi pathological synostosis. Movement panguva Ossificação em yakadaro sezvingatarisirwa vasipo.