Acetate fiber. Kugadzirwa kweacetate fiber

Pose pacho, indasitiri yekutengesa yakanga iri imwe yematavi anokosha ehupfumi hwenyika munyika yedu, sezvo yakapa nyika yakawanda yemucheka yakakosha, iyo yaigara ichidiwa kwete chete kwekugadzira mbatya, asi yakashandiswa pakugadzira zvombo.

Ndicho chikonzero, kubva kune mazuva okutanga ekuvapo kweU.SR, makemikari akapiwa basa rekuwana michina yekugadzirira, sezvo zvinhu zvepanyama zvakanga zvisipo. Somugumisiro, acetate fiber yakasikwa.

Chii ichocho?

Mukururamisira, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi haisi iyo yerudzi rupi neripi rwembatya , asi mhando dzakawanda dzehutachiona hwemagetsi. Muzviitiko zvose, zvakagadzirwa kubva kune cellulose acetate. Nyaya yakanyanya kufanana inonzi triacetyl cellulose, pamwe chete neyechidimbu yecetetate fiber, inobudiswa kubva kune yechipiri cellulose acetate.

Unhu hunokosha hwehutumbwe hwevanhu

Hygroscopicity yematumbu akadaro haadarika 3.5%. Iyo fiber inoshandiswa haina kuvhara unyoro, haina kuvhara uye haikwanisi kupera kunyange mushure mokunge uwandu hwekuvhara / kuoma. Mukuenzanisa nemasikirwo echisikigo, zvipfeko zvisingaoneki kune zvinyoronyoro, chiedza uye kupisa. Mukuwedzera, ivo havana hanya zvachose ne mole. Iyo micheka inokwanisa kukonzera kupisa kusvika kune digirii Celsius pasina kurasikirwa nehuhu hwavo.

Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemagetsi e-acetate zvinonakidza chaizvo kutarisa, zvakanyatsocheneswa uye zvinomira nokukurumidza. Mukuwedzera, kana uchishambidza, iwe unofanira kuwedzera yakawanda yakavhara, sezvo tsvina inoshambidzwa nyore nyore kubva mumhando iyi ye fiber.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vasina acids uye alkalis hazviiti pane acetate fiber sezvinoparadza sezvinoitika mumasikirwo echisikigo, asi semugumisiro iyo inotonified uye inorasikirwa nehuwandu hwayo hunobatsira. Izvo zvakanyanyisa inorganic acids pakarepo inoparadza iyo.

Microscopic structure ye fiber

Kana iwe ukatarisa tambo yakadaro mune microscope, unogona kuona mazana emaruva akareba pamusoro pefiber. Nemhaka yeizvi, ruvara rwemunhu haruwirirani kune mumwe nemumwe, uye chigunyu chakazara zvakakwana uye hachigoni kuipa. Girosi ravo rinoratidzika muchimiro chechirikaya chechisikigo, uye maererano nehupamhi, hutanda hwomunhu mumwechete hwakafanana nehutambo hwemapuranga emamberberry silkworms anopa . Kana mugadziri ari kutarisana nebasa rekuwana shangu umo mazamu akachengetedzwa zvakasimba kune mumwe nemumwe, ipapo inonzi H inoumbwa necheka H yakaitwa pamusoro pehutanda.

Mukuwedzera kune simba rakawedzerwa, chitubu chakadaro chinoratidzwa nekunaka kwakanaka kunopenya, uye naizvozvo inowanzoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu.

Kukanganiswa kweAcetate tissues

Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi zvinhu zvose zvakanaka: izvi zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakanyanya kusagadzikana nekubhururuka, zviri nyore kuwana magetsi mashizha, asina mavara ane mavara akashandiswa mumashandi emucheka. Kuchengeta iyo inotevera, pasina kusimudza kutonhora kwesimbi kunopfuura 115 °, sezvo zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa nehutatu zvinogona kuitika.

Mamwe maitiro asina kunaka

Zvichipa kukosha kwakanyanya kweaacetate fiber kuti kuwedzere kugadziriswa, zvakaoma kubudisa mhuka kubva mairi. Kana kusungira zvishoma nezvishoma nekupisa kwesimbi, ipapo pamusoro pezvisikwa kune zviremera zvakakomba zvisingagoni kubviswa. Acetate fiber inopenya tsvuku. Zviri nyore nyore kudya, zvino zvinopisa kwenguva yakareba, kusunungura utsi hwakawanda hweutsi hwakasvibira nehuhu hunhu huri mumhepo yakapoteredza.

Kugadzirwa

Sezvaunokwanisa kutotanga kunzwisisa, acetate fiber inowanikwa kubva kune cellulose. Zvechokwadi, zvinoshandiswa kushandisa kamba, asi nekushaiwa kwayo kana kusavapo zvinogona kuve zvakashandiswa kushandisa miti yakakwirira. Mushure mekugadzirwa nekucheneswa kunobatwa ne acetic anhydride. Sulfuric acid inoshandiswa seyakagadzirisa chinokonzera, uye acetic acid inowanikwa kuti iparadze iyo inokonzerwa ne-acetyl cellulose.

Muchiripo chechidiki chemvura, fiber inotanga kupisa, inoita kuti diacetylcellulose. Kune chinhu chinogadzirwa, musanganiswa weacetone uye mvura (95: 1) yakawedzerwa. Zvose, mhepo yakasanganiswa yakagadzirira. Iyo inonatswa, ichibvisa kuwedzera kwemafuta emagetsi akakura, uye inotumirwa kumashini anotsvaira. Acetate fiber inobudiswa mumhepo (yakaoma nzira).

Iyi nzira yakakoshawo nokuti haifaniri kushandiswa kwemamwe makemikari. Iyo yakareba uye yakasviba inotenderera yakawanda inongodzingwa nefa ine mahombe akawanda, uye inopinda muimba yepamhepo-mumhepo pane kutonhora inenge 87 degrees Celsius. Kubvira pakugadzirwa kweAcetate fiber kunoda mvura yakawanda uye cellulose, mafekitari akawanda ari pedyo neLake Baikal.

Mamwe mashoko pamusoro pevara

Ijiji yepamusoro inokosha kuti acetone inopedzisira ichibuda kubva musanganiswa. Pashure pacho, tsvina yakagadzirirwa yakanyoroveswa, nzvimbo yavo yakafukidzwa nemafuta kuitira kudzivirira kuumbwa kwechitsiko chepamusoro, uye zvino vanga vakuvadzwa pamusoro pebibin. Kweminiti, kusvika mamita mazana matanhatu emucheka inoumbwa. Mune ramangwana, inoda kushandiswa pasina kushandiswa, kunze kwekungosimbiswa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi.

Muvara wei? Muzviitiko zvakawanda, dae inopindwa muzhizha rekugadzira, kuitira kuti tsvimbo yemumvuri unodiwa isvike pabibi. Isati tataura kare kuti acetate fiber yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya nenzira dzinoshandiswa, uye saka panguva ino masaga makumi mapfumbamwe emaviri anogadzirwa kubva kumucheka wakagadzirwa nekusvina michina nemhando dzakatsanangurwa.

Mazuva ano zviuru zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaparadzirwa paintini zvakasikwa. Vanokubvumira kuti urege kutora tende remavara, asi chaiyo nyanzvi ine chimiro chinoshamisa chechimiro. Iyi pfungwa inogadzirwa nekuda kwekuti pepa haisati yakanamatira kumusoro kwendambo, sezvinoitika kune imwe yevhisi yeviscose, asi inhengo yejasi pachayo.

Kana zvichidikanwa, dhayi dhena inoshandiswa, semugumisiro wekuti machira echando chakakwana chechando-chena yakawanikwa. Sezvo acetate fiber yakanyanya kupikisa mazai eVV uye nyore nyore kubvisa, kusara kwejira yakadaro kakawanda nguva huru pane iyo yekotoni kana zvimwe zvisikwa zvechisikigo.

Kubata kunoshanda sei?

Kazhinji kazhinji mukugadzirwa kwepinnerets ine masango makumi maviri anoshandiswa. Kana iyo yakagadziriswa ichive yakakanganiswa mukati mehutete yakakomba kana tambo, musanganiswa unopfurikidza nemapenderets nemasvingo akaora uye akaremara. Kutaura nezvezvinyorwa zvekugadzira acetate, zvigadzirwa zvazvo zvinopesana hazvisi zvakasiyana nezviri kurondedzerwa pamusoro apa.

Iyo inoshamisa ndeyokuti kupatsanurana kwakasununguka kubva kune chigadziro chekuumba kunowanzokohwa mu bundle, iyo inokurumidza kutemwa kuita zvidimbu zvehurefu hwakadikanwa. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvitsvuku zvinogona kugadzirwa nenzira yebhande, izvo zvinowedzera kuve zvikamu zvehuwandu hunoda.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvehutanda

Ndezvipi zvinokosha zveaketate fiber? Uhu hwesimbi hunogadzirwa chero ipi zvayo hunobva ku11.1 tex X 25, kusvika 16.7 tex X 25 (Nha. 90 / 25- 60/25). Kana ichienzaniswa nefiscose fiber yemafuta akafanana, ipapo acetate filaments simba inenge iri pasi (zvichidzika kusvika 10-12%). Asi! Kana iyo shangu inonaya (hongu, iyo inofanirwa kunyatsoratidzika mu 3.5%), ipapo simba remiganhu inoderera nokukurumidza ne40-45!

Izvo simba rinoputika (kuputsa elongation) inenge 27%, asi kuvhara kwepurasitiki kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura iyo yezvigadzirwa zvekuvhenekera zvakataurwa pamusoro apa . Izvi ndezvikonzero zvekuti "chidimbu" chakanyanyisa kuputika, uye zvinhu zvinobva kwavari kwenguva refu zvinotarisa zvakakwana.

Yakavandudzwa version

Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinogona kutungamirira muverengi akangwarira kune pfungwa yokuti rudzi urwu rwemhando dzine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda. Izwi iri nderechokwadi kune yapfuura yapfuura, asi nhasi, panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo, kugadzirisa zvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa nguva dzose, izvo zvisingambove nemakemikari anokonzerwa neacetate fiber. Nzira iri munyaya ino ndeyotevera: [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-x (OCOCH3) x].

Mukuwedzera, nhasi uye kakawanda zvinowanzotungamira kupisa kwekupisa kwehuwandu hunoshandiswa hunoshandiswa: mamolekoro anotanga kuumba zvivako zvakarongedzerwa zvakare. Somugumisiro, shangu yeAcetate inowedzera simba, uye haisati yatya kwazvo kupisa kwakasimba.

Kusvika iye zvino, unhu hwakadaro hunoonekwa ne "fon" "Alon", yakagadzirwa nehutambo hwejira. Iyo yakasimba uye yakasimba, inogara yakasimba uye inooneka zvakanaka. Yakawanikwa yakajeka kuti shoma shoma ye aluminium pyrophosphate yakawedzerwa kumhepo inoshandisa inoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana acetate fiber, kushandiswa kwezvinoitika munharaunda ipi neipi ine ngozi yemoto (maketeni emitambo, semuenzaniso).