Adverbial PARTICIPLE sechikamu kutaura. PARTICIPLE muna Russian

Part kutaura inonzi muchikwata mashoko, zvakatemwa kubudikidza morphological uye syntactic zvinhu. Mune duramazwi wenyika anodzivisa zita (akatsemura mberi imwe pazita, chipauro , etc.) uye rechiito. Chakagamuchirwa sezvo kupatsanura zvikamu kutaura maererano mabasa anoitwa. Saka, vanogona kuva pamutemo uye yakazvimirira.

A rinokosha rechiito

In epamba Sayenzi vane maonero zvina Adverbial PARTICIPLE sechikamu kutaura. Zvivakamutauro zvinoreva muchikwata ichi, morphological zvinhu uye syntactic basa kunokonzerwa chinhu fomu ichi. PARTICIPLE mumutauro Russian anosanganisa zvinhu uye kukosha dudzirachiito uye rechiito.

tsananguro

Maererano Vinogradov, chaiwo, Adverbial, kutaura chemasanganiswa muchikwata. Virgin anofunga gerunds kune adverbs. Maererano Encyclopedic mashoko, mashoko aya uye zvirevo vanoonekwa chaiwo kutukana kuchinja, unconjugated chimiro chizenga. It nekutsanangura pfungwa "gerund" Grade 7 hweutungamiri? chikamu ichi chinomiririra rechiito zvikuru chimiro kuzozvidzorerwa ane incremental zvainoita pakanyorwa chikuru akaratidza rechiito. Gerund inopindura mubvunzo "Chii kuita?", "Chii kuitei?", "Sei?", "Kana?"

umboo

Gerunds sezvo zvikamu kutaura nokubatanidza zvinhu rechiito uye dudzirachiito. The chikuru chinhu ndechokuti anoreva chiito, mamwe kusvika pokupedzisira. Gerund ndiyo yoku chimiro, uye uyewo rechiito (hwakakwana uye kukwana). muchikwata ichi ane "reflexivity" (semuenzaniso, meshing - nevozvr vakabatirira -.. Dzorera Temp). Gerunds sezvo zvikamu kutaura anoshanda emazita, zvisazitasingwi, adverbs. With nemataundi Mashoko Turnover aumba. Gerundive sezvo zvikamu kutaura vane ndimi uye zviratidzo: hapana shanduko, zvinoreva panguva huru chiito Achienzanisira apo, sei, nei, etc. raitwa. The zvakataurwa vanoita sezvinonzi ezvinhu kureva rechiito-Predicate.

morphological ongororo

Kune akawanda zviratidzo kuti aone Adverbial PARTICIPLE sechikamu kutaura, uye Anovagarisa nezvimwe siyana. Kunze kuti rinoumbwa rechiito, rine, yemanyorero suffixes akadai -s, -shi, -vshi, -i. The nomuromo PARTICIPLE mitsara kuti nemataundi mashoko anogona kubvunza mubvunzo. Morphological ongororo yaifanira maererano ronga zano:

1. Total zvivakamutauro zvinoreva.
2. Morphological unhu:

- Undefined (kutanga) rechiito;

- kusashanduka;

- nomutsa reflexivity.

3. syntactic basa.

Sezvo muenzaniso, pane muenzaniso parse zvakanyorwa.

"Kumhanyira, achimhanya Creek"

1. Shoko "kugunun'una" - chinokosha rechiito - gerund. Rinoratidza mamwe Impact inokosha: sei kumhanya? - kugunun'una.
2. The kwokutanga chimiro - splatter; Nesov. mu., hakuna kushanduka.
3. Obst pamusoro kwadzinoita kuita.

nomumukanwa ongororo

Shoko "kugunun'una" riri gerund - mumwe muboka rinokosha rechiito. Zvikurukuru unoratidza mamwe kune huru kushanda (kumhanya-wokuunga). Rinobva pachiito "kuti splatter" (achipemha. Form). Izvi haachinji gerund kukwana chitarisiko. Sechikamu chikumbiro, chimiro ichi anoita sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu nenzira.

How kupa ichanyatsofungisisa nemashoko siyana? Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana gerunds?

Aifungisisa marudzi rechiito angawira rimwe mhando mbiri. Imperfective gerunds zvinoratidza mamwe konekwa chiito. It kunoitika panguva imwe chete kwacho azvaiitwa rechiito. Izvi mhando aumbwa kushandisa suffix -i, asi, pahwaro chimiro nokududza chiito munguva chaiyo. Somuenzaniso: verenga, kuverenga, dzinobhururuka, kubhururuka, uye vamwe. Kubva verbs vane dzidzo suffix -va- gerunds rakabva kuitika chokuti: kudzidza-kudzidza. A zvinoverengeka mashoko anorondedzera zvinoitwa, shoko racho rechiito hauna kuumbwa: aibuda, vakamurova, nekukoshesa, misodzi uye nevamwe. Gerund akakwana chimiro inoratidza chiito okuwedzera apera. It kunowanzoitwa pamberi ratanga Maitikiro acho anotaurawo rechiito. Paumbwe chimiro ichi rinoitwa kushandisa suffixes -vshi, -shi, -kuti yakavakirwa isingagari kutukana siyana: akanyengerwa-akanyengerwa, kusuwa, kusuwa, uye vamwe. A nhamba mashoko inoratidza chiito, inogona kuumbwa Double Turnover: akaoma-prosohnuv, yaoma panze, yaoma kunze; otpershi-kukiyiwa, kukiyiwa, Kuzarura.

ezvirevanguva garo

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuti aumbe gerunds akashandisa chimiro nezvichazoitika. suffixes inoshandiswa kuumba gerunds vakasuwa S: verenga, kuverenga, uyai-uya. Categories aumba kubva kutukwa hunde kokupedzisira uchishandisa suffix. -vshi- (vaiziva yaimbova, panosangana makumbo, ehavshi, licking, etc.) vanoonekwa usingachashandi. Kazhinji, vane zvishoma kushandiswa, isingawanzowanikwi. Pakuvamba, vakanga kushandiswa kureva zviito kuti chete kuita kuti zvevakomana, "pavakaona zvakanga zvichiitika, iye akabata neforogo," "Akati ataura izvi, akagara pasi." Parizvino kushandiswa aine suffix -vshis, inoumbwa kudzoka kutukwa chimiro: uchiti, blurted, kusuka, kuwacha kumusoro, nenzara-nenzara Dec-Dec nevamwe.

kupatsanura

Not dzinounzwa kushandisa nyora mavanga (nezvitura befu) kuroora gerunds chokuita muchikwata che adverbs: agere, akamira, akarara pasi, chinyararire, Hazviiti, leisurely uye nevamwe. siyana izvi regai kuenzanisira mberi nechiito. Somuenzaniso:

Verenga nhema dzakaipa, zvakakodzera kuverenga nokugara.

Akafamba zvishoma nezvishoma (kureva anononoka).

Akataura achifara (achifara, ipapo).

In izvi uye zvakafanana nyaya gerund inoratidza haana matanho, uye chiratidzo huru muitiro. Kusiyana Somuenzaniso, mutongo uyu: "Zvakakodzera kuverenga, agere zvisingatomboiti tafura uye chiedza chakanaka." Pano ezviri kunoshanda mufananidzo zvimwe zviito. Regai kungorira-akakombwa majana chomutsara, akatsiga kutaura, sechikamu iyo vanoonekwa kungonyaradza siyana. zvivako izvi, kunyanya zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: kushanda nesimba, achidanidzira ndichizviyeuchidza achirangarira kumhanya panguva breakneck kumhanya, uye vamwe. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nemashoko PARTICIPLE mashoko - mashoko ane hanya mashoko - nguva dzose kumira nezvitura befu.

syntactic basa

Gerund, sezvinoita mutemo, zvayakaita yakabatana nemashoko Predicate. Sechivako pfungwa, chimiro ichi anoshumira ezvinhu haana conjugated. Ishoma gerund kungava yakabatana chezita Predicate, izvo ringaratidzwa zvipfupi chipauro kana pazita. In sechivako chikamu pfungwa, ichi rechiito rinoreva zvimwe chiito kuti kuitwawo muitiro vakatakura huru pfungwa yacho Predicate. In gerund ichi inogona kutsiviwa rechiito conjugated chimiro. Zvivako Similar varipo siyana ndimi Indo-European - Latin, French. Gerunds yaishandiswa eskimo, Hungary, mitauro wokuTurkey. Mune duramazwi dzimwe nyika, magadzirirwo anogona kunzi gerund. Mimwe mitauro havana kuzvitsaurira siyana kuti kufunga hwemashoko zvakagadzirwa. ezvinhu akadaro, somuenzaniso, norurimi Chirungu, apo basa gerunds anoshanda chokugoverana.