Aizi "Mutungamiriri": zvinhu uye pikicha

The huru dzaizotungamirira kukura Northern Sea Route is nechokwadi aina chicherwa yakatsvuka zvinhu, uye basa iri nyika inoda itsva mutungamiri aizi. Implementation kuti mari muzvirongwa mumunda chicherwa zvinhu (gumi vavo chokuita mafuta uye gasi, uye mamwe mana - pamwe marasha uye mhangura migodhi, kusanganisira raivapo uye vanotarisira - Norilsk, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal LNG" uye vamwe) zvinoda kuramba dzaifanoiswa. Uye nokuti kwenguva, zvikuru nokukurumidza, - kuwedzera motokari NSR, izvo Pari ishande Linear dzinopwanya aizi, izvo mabhomba zvina Diesel-yemagetsi. Havasi kukwana, nokuti pachava ano uye vanofanira aizi mutungamiri nokukurumidza.

The mamiriro ezvinhu uye mabasa

In mvura Northern Sea Route vari, sezvambotaurwa, ngarava sere: renyukireya "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" uye "Makore 50 Victory", uyewo Diesel injini "Captain Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" uye "Admiral Makarov". Port kwezvivako zvayo kukura achingoraramira zvachose pamusoro pokumuka yeminda mafuta uye gasi, uye kubuda ngarava zvitsva zvemazuva ano, chii yemberi mutungamiri aizi, uyewo zvachose nokuda mugodhi. mudziyo kwakadaro vane deadweight vanopfuura zviuru zana matani anopfuura makumi mashanu metres hwayo, chichaitwa gore-kumativi chokufambisa mapoka ose achitevedza gungwa nzira. Speed, iyo anovimbisa kuva aizi mutungamiri, vakaronga mutengo-kunobudirira - nokuti anenge gumi nemashanu nokusunungura mapfundo mu panonyanyisa chando.

Rokutanga magadzirirwo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze "Krylovskiy SSC" uye CDB "Iceberg". Kubva pakutanga, Jesu akakurukura Newest yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa aizi mutungamiri (Lk-110YA chirongwa). Anokwanisa kupa yegore nemasaisai uye kuenda ose rwendo kuenda kweArctic. Ngarava aifanira kuva hombe - metres anopfuura mazana maviri pakureba uye mana paupamhi. Power pamusoro pemiti, maererano nezita racho, akaronga kuti anenge 110 MW (inopangidza kuti title: Lk - Ice-mudariki, 110 - simba, I - yenyukireya simba chirimwa). Chaizvoizvo zvose pamwe chete NSR zvinodiwa dzinopwanya aizi, anokwanisa kukurira echando ukobvu pamwe mamita matatu nehafu. Asi kwakanga mumwe chirongwa - Lk-120 MW, tariro yedu Arctic nezvikepe, uye kutaura nezvazvo ichakurukurwa pazasi.

zvirongwa

Kumadokero chikamu echando Arctic hakusi gobvu - kusvika matatu metres, uye saka rinogona dzinopwanya aizi wekushandisa chero nguva yegore, kunyange kana vaine chokukura anosvika makumi matanhatu megawatts. KuMabvazuva, nzira yose, aizi zvinhu zvakasiyana. Saka kutsigira yegore nemasaisai achitevedza Northern Sea Route, kuwedzera upenyu ngarava huripo yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa yakarongwa (kare yakarongwa maawa zviuru zana, uye ikozvino - zana namakumi mashanu). Uye panguva ino kuvaka uye muhombodo kushanda chizvarwa chitsva yezvisikwa yenyukireya miviri-gwaro michina, uye ndinoiitawo aizi mutungamiri (Lk-110YA chirongwa). urongwa kwakadaro aivapo kusvikira 2008, apo ngarava dzinopwanya aizi itsva vaifanira kuiswa kushanda.

Somugumisiro, renyukireya-dzinofambiswa "Siberia" rave upgraded, uye ngano "Arctic" akaberekwa muna 1972, iyo Aneta zvakazara nezviwanikwa zvayo, akanga ari June 2016 ne matsva "Arctic", kukwanisa kutsiva dzinopwanya aizi maviri - uye kuti gungwa-kuenda-mutinhimira matatu chando, uye kushanda riverbeds. Zvisinei, kushanda hazvirevi anopedza zvose basa. Pakupedzisira, ngarava inopwanya aizi achaurawa kushanda muna December 2017, kana zvose anoenda maererano nechirongwa. Ichi ngarava yakanaka kwazvo, uye zvakakodzera chaizvo, asi haisi mutungamiri chete. A chinhu ndechokuti aizi mutungamiri chando passability anogona kuwedzera kusvika mamita matatu nehafu. Uyezve, zvakawedzera mwero chando, asi nekuti pilotage zvichagoverwa pasina kutyora chibvumirano hurukuro nenhumbi. Kana nguva yegore kana okunze achange Usanetseka aizi Lk-110YA ( "mutungamiriri" - chirongwa bumbiro remitemo iyi). Development vakanga vakabatikana CDB "Iceberg" uye OKBM zita Afrikantov (Nuclear Installations).

How ibasa

Muna 2015, nyika akaona chii renyukireya-dzinofambiswa aizi mutungamiri, kunyange chete yakanga yakagadzirira Project. Muna December of akati gore rakaitirwa Rechishanu International Forum kuna varipo uye remangwana kweArctic, uye Krylov Research Center iri chawo akaratidza vachivimbisa muenzaniso remangwana muchikepe. Yaiva aizi, mutungamiriri chirongwa 10510. kukwanisa arimo kurongwa munyika zana namakumi maviri megawatts, uye akavaka zvichava masere kana mapfumbamwe nemakore. Chimbidza pamwe ichi zvisingaiti, tinofanira kwezvivako zvakakodzera uye zvinhu rengarava. Muna 2015 kunyorwa rokutanga design, uye muna 2016 akagadzira uye Technology. Zvino kugadzirira patani mapepa. Kuburikidza nebasa iri, itsva mutungamiri aizi chichange kudzokororwa dzakasiyana-siyana Trim siyana.

Zvino Kubinka aiva International Forum "Army 2016", apo muenzaniso chaipiwa zvakare, asi zvakasiyana yepakutanga. Design chirongwa change chimiro chaizvo. Nuclear aizi chirongwa "Mutungamiriri" ari kugadzirwa makambani akawanda. Chokutanga, CDB "Iceberg" - anotungamirira yokuvaka uye Krylovskiy SSC hazvo kubvumirana navo mumwe nomumwe Conceptual chakagadzirwa. Panyaya iyi, kuti kunze yachinja yekudyidzana. Muna 2017, rinoshanda Implementation okukura rakatanga.

ikakuruma waivako

Magadzirirwo, izvo uchava renyukireya aizi Mutungamiriri (Project 10510) rakasiyana nemamwe, zvinoita anokwanisa kupa wiring kubudikidza chando, kunyange hombe hombe vatakuri uye kwematangi, vaya vari kushandisa Northern Sea Route haagoni. Shoko idzva munhoroondo shipbuilding indasitiri vachapinda chii mayo vasina chimwe chete muchinjikwa mbabvu ari chinoumba (puranga), izvo zvinofanira kupa rakasiyana permeability ari chando, zvisina kuita chero ichi kirasi aizi. Designers vangadaro vakaverenga uye akawana itsva michina mhinduro kuti aizi mutungamiri, ane marongerwo Photo anoiswa pakutanga uye pakuguma kwataita, unogona kukurira kunyange matatu nehafu uye mana metres chando ukobvu uye kunyange zvose mashanu nyore, tichigadzira nokuti zvikepe uwane upamhi dzinopfuura makumi mashanu mamita.

Uye maererano "dzakaonda" aizi (mamita maviri!), Richaita kutora nzvimbo pasina kuderedza mwero gumi nokusunungura mapfundo. Uye simba, akaronga makore gumi apfuura, kare zvinoita sokuti haingakwaniri. Zana namakumi maviri megawatts vanofanira kanenge musoro aizi mutungamiri, 110 MW vagadziri kare vaiona zvikuru vanhuwo simba nokuda colossus yakadaro. Pashure akatevedzana kwakajairika aizi Lk-60 maviri-mita echando ari kutamira ari kumhanya nodes maviri chete, uye anokwanisa kupaza njanji hapana kupfuura makumi matatu navatanhatu mamita. Propellers pamusoro itsva bhodhi vachaitwa pamusoro graphene zvinhu, uye havana analogues munyika. Izvi rakasiyana chigadzirwa invulnerable kune chando, izvo kushandura chimiro kuti optimum zvichienderana kumhanya ari aizi, izvo zvinoreva kuti igwa nokukurumidza haina akarasika, asi wana kunzwisisa. In kuwa 2017 tsvakurudzo - nhamba, experimental uye kunzwisisa - watopiwa kwapera, uye miedzo zviri akapfuura. kuzvionera kuti ngarava vakaronga-mwedzi sere (nguva yose rwendo pasina kushevedzera chiteshi chengarava), uye nguva kushanda - kwemakore makumi mana. Head aizi Mutungamiriri (Project 10510) rakarongwa kupinda basa muna 2024.

nenhamba

Kuwedzera pamusoro icebreaking mudziyo, ramba kugadzirwa nevakange zvakurukurwa kwokutanga munyaya ino - iri aizi yenyukireya-dzinofambiswa, mutungamiriri 110 MW. Musha matani 600 iri 55, urefu - kunonyanyisa 206, uye upamhi - 40 metres, udzamu - 20 metres, sludge - 13, uye uchishandisa zvishoma - 11 mamita. Vacharipirwa vakapakata propellers matatu. By mvura yakachena achaenda ari kumhanya 24 change uye isununguke ukobvu kusvika 3.5 metres. aizi kwakadaro kuchaita kuva vashandi vanhu 127.

Uye enzaniso, musoro aizi mutungamiri unhu (Project 105110). Musha yakakwirira zvikuru - matani 71380, urefu 209 m, makubhiti 47,7. Emadhaka kubva mudziyo uyu ndiro - 13 mamita. Asi reactor kwava zvikuru simba zvikuru. Raktora kuchava nevaviri - RITM-400, zvose kupisa goho 350 MW. A mudziyo simba, sezvo akanga akati apa, 120 MW. Maererano aizi cruising siyana hakusi shoma, kuzvionera gadziriro - mwedzi misere. Interesting nhamba correlating mudziyo patency mwero uye chando; pakukora 4.3 mamita - 2 raiva pedyo nebundu, sapanguva imwe Ukobvu 2 mamita - 15 nokusunungura mapfundo. Upamhi nzira, iyo kungabatsira aizi - 51 mamita.

Panguva chaiyo pamusoro

Nokuti pakagadzwa dzinopwanya aizi zvakadaro kare kushandisa chisarudzo hurumende yeRussia, apo mari tasked kugadzirisa zvinoverengeka Masangano - Bazi Industry Russia, Russian Ministry of Transport, Bazi Finance uye State Corporation "Rosatom". Serial kuvakwa uchatanga pashure 2020. A rokutanga magadzirirwo nhasi wagadzirwa, uye kuvakwa dzinopwanya aizi vakatanga 110 MW. A musoro-mutungamiri aizi iri kaviri sezvo simba sezvo zvino pasi kuvakwa - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, sezvakanyorwa atova May 2015, Dmitry Rogozin. budiriro danho achange kukundwa munyika vakaronga kuti ndiye zvekushandisa pfungwa, ipapo rokutanga design, mushure chirongwa chiri pamutemo uye pakupedzisira kushanda.

Uye makore maviri gare gare, pakupera June 2017, muSt Petersburg akavhura International Maritime Defence Show, apo Aleksey Rahmanov, President Shipbuilding Corporation, akataura zvakawanda pamusoro tarisiro ichaunza kuvakwa chirongwa aizi 10510 "Mutungamiriri". Akataurawo kuti Bazi Industry vari mari chirongwa chete kwokutanga basa, nekuti zvakadaro kwesayenzi zvinhu vakashanda zvakakwana. Ndokusaka paumbwe zano zvemari kwayo kuvaka harisati atanga. deadlines aizi ichishanda zvave kare vakatamira kune rimwe gore. Zvakanga pakutanga kuita izvozvo muna 2023, uye iye zvino kunzi 2025-ndipo.

How zvakaitika

The vaizotibata kupfuura mhando dzinopwanya aizi nokuti foreseeable remangwana nyanzvi zvose anoona Russian renyukireya aizi chirongwa 10510 "Mutungamiriri", kusanganisira LC-110YA uye LC-120YA). Mukuru basa kuti mudziyo yakadaro - kupa yegore nemasaisai pamwe yose kureba Northern Sea Route uye kuitisa pakundopambara kuna kweArctic. Vazhinji vezvenhau nehoro vakaona kuti Rosatomflot akavimbisa kuvaka ngarava yakadaro mugore 2023 muna Severodvinsk kana St Petersburg, uye nzira kudaro achapa chirongwa sotsekonomrazvitiya yokuRussia Arctic, pamwe uye munguva kusvika 2020 achapiwa nemari, uye refu izwi.

Zvisinei, muna April 2017 Bazi Economic Development chakambovhiringidza panyaya kuti anonyatsotsvaka kururamiswa chepurogiramu, dzakakudzingai kuti mari yose bhiriyoni masere rubles, izvo akaronga kupedza kuvaka ngarava. Zvichida Chisarudzo ichi zvinonzwisisika: kubatanidzwa yakadaro rakakura havafanire chete mamiriro. The nyika ine zvizhinji private guta, iro kunobatsira chaizvo kuti pakasikwa ice-mudariki, pakuvhurwa kumativi wekushandisa achitevedza Northern Sea Route.

Maritime Defense Show

Nemhaka International Maritime Defense Show, uye pasinei zvirango Anti-Russian, nenhume vazhinji vatorwa akatibvunzisisa kuzivana chirongwa munhu aizi itsva. Paiva vatungamiri Naval mauto kunyika dzakasiyana, Munyori Navy uye vakawanda vemamwe vagadziri, kunyanya European. Vaifarira chaizvo urongwa kuti kunoenderana zvikepe yedu, uye, pfungwa, kuti chinhu mubereko havana kufa nokusingaperi.

Arctic dingindira - zvose rinokosha. Vose zvaMambo dzinopwanya aizi Russian kunge akadzidza vatorwa vaenzi kwazvo, asi kune aizi "Mutungamiriri" iri hafu kufarira vakaratidza vachishamisika. Large zvakakwana yenyukireya dzinopwanya aizi "Siberia", "Ural", "Arctic" vachakupai kushanda kubva 2019 kusvika 2021-vakasuwa uye vose vane hafu vanokwanisa - 60 MW. Uye ichi - mutungamiriri, iye navanhu vake mazana maviri megawatts vachakwanisa uchatumbura aizi pamwe chinenge hapana mitemo - metres kanenge mashanu paukobvu.

nyanzvi nepfungwa

nokuti icebreaking midziyo kuwedzera, asi nekuda rengarava Kutarisira - uye renyukireya non-yenyukireya - rakasvika aifanira kusimbisa, - kuti nyanzvi Russian akauya pfungwa iyi. In nyika yedu, Chokwadi, pane zvimwe zvinhu kuvaka hwakasimba aizi rengarava, uye zvichaverengerwa zvakazara vaizviti mu kweArctic, sezvo mitoro kugara ikoko ari kukura. Zvisinei, kuvaka Arctic midziyo vanofanira kubata kwete hurumende mari. Maererano nenyanzvi, zvinokosha kutanga nzvimbo iyi uye kuti akwezve voga mubhizimisi kune pakuvaka dzinopwanya aizi matsva.

Bhuku zvinyorwa achitevedza NSR (Northern Sea Route) nokuti 2016 akanga nomwe uye matani mamiriyoni nehafu, uye nokuuya pamusoro aizi, ichipa yegore navigation, iye vanozokura mamiriyoni makumi masere. Nechekare nezvifambiso zvipikirwa 2024 kusapfuudza matani mamiriyoni makumi mana. The chikuru nhumbi - mafuta, liquefied negasi, simbi, marasha. Makambani vaita mugodhi uye kubudiswa zvicherwa, kunyanya kufarira chitarisiko ichi kirasi aizi. It anovapikira rakakura purofiti, saka regai uye paakapiwa.

Arctic pfuma

The vakaronga Kugadzirwa Arctic pfuma gore negore kunowedzera aibuda nenhumbi achitevedza NSR. Nguva maindasitiri pakukura unesungano kupfuura zvose kuti kudzidza nzvimbo itsva uye munzvimbo yakapfuma nezviwanikwa, chokutanga - mafuta uye gasi. basa iri zvawave kwenguva refu, uye mugumisiro aiva Norilsk maindasitiri, Kola Mining, Nenets uye Yamalo-Nenets mafuta uye gasi maindasitiri, uyewo nezvimwe zvinhu huru nenzira kubva Kola kusvikira kurutivi Chukotka Peninsula.

Kunyange nhasi, kweArctic - iri makumi masere muzana gasi kugadzirwa, gumi muzana oiri, makumi mapfumbamwe navashanu muzana nickel dzokubudisa uye zana muzana - apatite. All zvicherwa kuti achatipa mundima idzi, uye kunyange zvakaoma yokuverenga. Cargo vaiitwa kweArctic rwunokwanisa chokuita aina zvigadzirwa izvi, uye kuti vazhinji makumi emamiriyoni matani. Inoda kwete chete ice-namapoporodzi, asiwo zvinhu zvikepe yakakwana kwazvo, pamwe soro boka Somuenzaniso - Arc-7. Vanoverengeka ice-namapoporodzi zvinofanira kaviri kanenge, nekuti zvose zviri kushanda nechekare kudzingwa garandi basa kokupedzisira.