Cargo zvikepe zvavo kupatsanura

Chero kupatsanura pakati wechipfuwo matare hunobva zvikurukuru avo chinangwa. Zvikepe Cargo dzinoiswa mune imwe. Vanhuwo zvavo vari rakakamurwa zvokutengeserana, chokufambisa kuva zvikepe uye hwokugadzira basa uye rutsigiro.

senga

Izvi nhumbi nemidziyo chikuru chinoumba rwizi uye gungwa rengarava. Vari akagadzirirwa kutakura zvakasiyana siyana cargoes. boka iri rine yayo womukati kupatsanura: nhumbi zvikepe, nhumbi uye chinokosha. Chaizvoizvo, pane zvinhu kwematangi uye yakaoma zvinhu, uye izvi zvinosanganisira zvakasiyana-siyana dare kugadzwa uye mhando.

Details ichakurukurwa nerimwe pakubhadhara izvi, kusanganisira hombe vatakuri, vakawanda chinangwa uye kushandiswa nokuda mitoro zvachose kunorondedzerwa. Rakagadzirirwa kungopa zvinhu midziyo chokufambisa - General chinangwa. Vanopinda inonyanya mhando.

Dry kago midziyo

Dry hombe nhumbi midziyo - nayo zvikepe navo vose ravanhu huru chikamu wakapamhama kwaMidhiani. Vakauya kuroorwa, kaviri uye trohpalubnymi, zvichienderana kukura mudziyo. Kazhinji injini nzvimbo kunodyira Diesel injini chirimwa, riri kana ari inosimbisa kana zvakachinja pedyo kuti mhino vaviri nhumbi kwaMidhiani. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe abate nhumbi zvikepe zvirongwa zvinosanganisira yayo tsotsonya, kana kunyange mumwe, akavharwa mechanically.

Cargo nevasori zvinosanganisira taps kana munhu miseve pamwe vanokwanisa matani anosvika gumi, uye ngarava inorema takashongedzerwa pamwe kupfuura simba - matani mazana maviri. Modern zvomumvura nhumbi midziyo kunge refrigerated rinei nokuda zvinoora zvinhu zvakadzama matangi kuti mvura chikafu anonhuwirira. Asi rwizi yakaoma nhumbi nemidziyo, zvisinei pakukura uye kukwanisa Anopiwa nhumbi akabata rimwe chete, izvo zviri nyore kuti tiite vachizvitakudza uye tichibvisa kushandiswa.

Specialised Court

hombe vatakuri kwakadaro kunogona mapoka mapoka pafiriji, karavhani, mudziyo zvikepe, matanda ngarava nokuti chokufambisa motokari, hombe zvinhu, mombe nezvimwewo. Refrigerated senga zvinoora zvokudya - michero, hove kana nyama. Nhumbi rinonyomba - yakavimbika kuputira, Refrigeration zviyero, ichipa kuramba kutonhora ari tembiricha rworwendo shanu kuti kubvisa maviri navashanu. Modern sefiriji haagoni chete tiine tembiricha, asiwo kuti nokukurumidza nechando, ivo vanotaura kugadzirwa uye zvifambiso firiji. Dry nhumbi ngarava kutakura muchero, anopiwa kunowedzerwa kufefetedza vose dziparadzwe.

Technical zvechadenga nhumbi midziyo vanotibatsira vachisimudza vanokwanisa kusvika gumi nezviviri matani, kumhanya hombe vatakuri dzakadaro kupfuura mukuru-chinangwa midziyo, sezvo zvinoora zvokudya uye kungada nokukurumidza pakusununguka. Mudziyo marori anofambisa mberi mumapepa nhumbi mumidziyo yairema kubva gumi kusvika makumi maviri matani nomumwe, uye mudziyo pacharo inosimudza matani zviuru makumi maviri uye inofamba dzimwe aimhanya anosvika matatu nokusunungura mapfundo. Containers nokukurumidza uye nyore akatakudza uye waburuswa nokuti kuti mugaba uriri iri dzakashandisa rakasiyana Kuziviswa kwaMidhiani. Kakawanda, vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa zvivako zviri chinouraya - gantry Cranes. Timber - rudzi mudziyo, chikepe wainzi ichi kupenya, vari asunungurwa mudziyo zvakananga mumvura uye towed kuna wepachiteshi chacho ainzi.

Trailers

Mudziyo uyu mhando zvevakomana zvose nepagungwa masimba, sezvo nebasa iri simba, kutsanya, uye anobvumira kuti nokukurumidza kuti vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa - anenge gumi nguva nokukurumidza kupfuura pamusoro midziyo kwete akashongedzerwa chaizvo Trailers, izvo Akagutsa chete imupota uye aina chikepe. Industrial budiriro yave zvakati kuwedzerwa uye zvakasimbisa vagotengeseranamo pakati nyika, iye zvino zvakafanira kutakura pamusoro midziyo madaro marefu kuvaka, zvokurima, chokufambisa. Sea uye rwizi zvinhu ngarava aisagona kuita mabasa akadai nani.

Trailers akatakura nhumbi mu Trailers, zvinongova anokungurutsirwa munzvimbo dziparadzwe. Capacity Trailer - kubva zviuru gumi nezviviri matani, uye nokukurumidza - kusvika makumi maviri nezvitanhatu nokusunungura mapfundo. Ndiwo vaizotibata kupfuura uye vakamhanya nhasi mhando chikepe nhumbi. Vari kuramba kuvandudzika. Trailers zhinji kuwedzera nhumbi ari Holds vari dzakashandisa kutakura midziyo pamusoro yokumusoro achipfeka. Ngarava dzakadaro Aitondiitira zita rayo - a piggyback.

bulkers

Bulk nhumbi senga kushandiswa midziyo - hombe vatakuri. Izvi zvingava ores uye mhangura inonyanya, marasha, fetiraiza, zvokuvakisa, zviyo uye zvakafanana. Vanopfuura manomwe muzana zvinhu zvose yaitakurwa yakaoma nhumbi zvinoita gungwa kana rwizi yenzira hombe, uye saka uwandu motokari iri kukura nokukurumidza: nhasi, anopfuura makumi maviri muzana tonnage kwenyika rengarava ndohwavo ichi mhando.

Bulk vatakuri vari rakakamurwa nokudenga, nokuti mitoro inorema uye kuti chiedza. midziyo vakawanda chakatorwa kuti hunyambiri chinangwa: kuti - mhangura shure - mafuta kana motokari, kana donje, chero. Izvi mhando - muviri dare kuroorwa ne superstructure uye injini mukamuri kumashure. Kugona vanongotevera huru - kusvika zana namakumi mashanu zviuru matani, asi nokukurumidza yakaderera - kusvika gumi nodes. Goods vari zvifambiswe mune dzakaisvobata achibatsirwa raiiswa masvingo kuti selfdistributed nhumbi - uye lengthwise uye crosswise. Pakati flange uye tangi masvingo rakaronga kutsigisa igwa mvura. Dzimwe nguva longitudinal bulkheads ari Holds dzinoitwa kuderedza mupumburu, kana mutoro remasikati, uye pasi wechipiri rakagadzirwa vavabatsire uye thickened flooring nokuda nyore vachizvitakudza kushandiswa.

kwematangi

Izvi mhando dare vari rakakamurwa kwematangi kuti peturu zvigadzirwa, oiri ichakasangana nezvimwewo, mafuta emotokari, Diesel chinotsva, peturu, neparafini; pamusoro LNG; midziyo vakatakura mishonga - yakanyungudutswa sarufa, acids, uye zvakafanana; Transportation emura zvinhu - mvura, waini, simende. Kwematangi zvinowanza munyika: vanopfuura makumi mana kubva muzana munyika mushambadzi rengarava tonnage. Izvi chete-uriri mudziyo, superstructure uye injini kamuri yaiva aft.

Mutoro chikamu yakakamurwa bulkheads kupinda nezvikamu, akadana dzehondo. Vamwe vavo anoshumira kutsigisa igwa mvura pamusoro kudzoka parwendo. On the mhino pombi kamuri iri. kwematangi zvikuru moto njodzi, saka vakagadzirira pamwe simba moto kudzivirira enyika. Kutakura chiuru matani ari Distributors matani zviuru zvina mazana supertankers - zvikepe pakukura munyika. River kwematangi vakatakura kugona chiri asingagumbuswi, vamwe kuti matani gumi nezviviri. Ichi freighters chaizvo simba. Photo pamusoro - gungwa ngarava, uye nechepasi - rwizi.

LNG

Ngarava idzi akatakura liquefied magasi - methane, propane, butane, amoniya, uyewo dzinongoitika magasi, muri zvinokosha mbishi zvinhu uye kwazvo mafuta. Kazhinji gasi kana liquefied kana two chilled kana pressurized. LNG chirongwa Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo kubva kwematangi nokuti vane mari cylindrical Matangi - chinjikira kana kutwasuka, idenderedzwa kana rectangular. Voga pamusoro LNG kwematangi vanofanira akavimbika kwazvo.

Cargo akavhiyiwa kunze achishandisa chaiyo ino, izvo zvinosanganisira pombi, compressors, zvikwepa uye zvenguva tangi. Kutsigisa igwa matangi ari kushanda kutora havasi kufanirwa, asi nokuti vakagadzirira panhivi kana kaviri pasi. Gas kutakura anogara putika, saka pane simba kufefetedza maitiro uye gasi vhinza aramu. Nokudzima moto kuitika uchishandisa carbon dioxide. Pari kwokudiwa mukirasi akabatana zvikepe kuti gungwa uye rwizi yokufambisa kunobatsira chaizvo - Kwabviswa chinhu Zara. Saka pane hlopkolesovozy, Obo nemidziyo zvakafanana.

RS-300

Kubva muna 1967 kusvika 1984, wechipiri shipyards matatu USSR akabudisa seiners 388M chirongwa mhando "RS-300 Cargo chikepe". seiners mana nemakumi masere nezvitanhatu akadaro dzakavakwa, kusanganisira vaya vaiva matare hove, hove, migodhi. Mukuwedzera, pahwaro ino chaiyo chirongwa akazviratidza makumi matatu tsvakurudzo midziyo (sezvinoita "kushingaira" nembiri). inenge hafu gumi midziyo yakadaro kwenguva refu nguva kushanda zvinangwa kwesainzi.

Apo Soviet Union yakaguma kuvapo, vaifanira yakanyangarika, vamwe ngarava vari voga maoko, uye vakawanda vavo achishumira ake uye waifanira kuita chinhu. Kuramba ari hove retrained. Mumidziyo zviri zvishoma kuFar East akadaro kusvikira ichangopfuura nguva taishanda Border Guard. The voga vaiva RS-300 hove yerera uye ikozvino.

mumwe kupatsanura

Kuwedzera kupatsanura kubudikidza chinangwa chinogona kukamurwa nhumbi midziyo pane dzimwe nhandare. Ndiyo musimboti kuramba mvura, chikepe nharaunda, rudzi injini, inofamba musimboti genus unomutsa, zvokunyama uye chimiro dzimba. tiine zvingatiomera hydrodynamic - hydrofoils, airbag, planing uye hydrostatic - hovercraft, misha (catamarans).

Bato musimboti anokamura dare iri vaizviita - a simba chirimwa achifinyamisa - a Hwokutengesa raanoziva uye norudo, uyewo pani - pontoons, achiwana nzendo. Maererano rwendo nzvimbo zvinogona anokudzwa wengarava zvikepe, zvakavhenganiswa (rwizi-gungwa) uye kure negungwa kufamba (rwizi). Recent akagadzirirwa ndege pfupi iri kure negungwa waterways. Main injini mhando rinokamukana mitoro midziyo ngarava (womukati injini) uye Diesel (motokari). On Navy zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye anoshandawo turbohody. Court akaparadzanisa pamusoro yezvakaita hwindimiri pamusoro vhiri, sikuruu, vodomotnye, pamwe propellers uye mapapiro. Type muviri zvinhu angava simbi, Washington City Offices, kongiri, huni. Uyewo, dare chingava self propelled uye kwete (the chikepe).

Cargo ndege

Cargo ndege kushandiswa kutakura vanhu kwete, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa. Ivo pakarepo uye vari nyore kuona kunyange unprofessional kutarira. Mapapiro kuisa yakakwirira, pakukora ari Hull, kuti fuselage zvakajeka kusiyirira, vamwe "stockiness" (kuitira kuti nhumbi zvave pedyo pasi nyore vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa). A vakawanda kwemavhiri pamusoro chassis, mukuru ponytail.

Air nhumbi akatanga shure muna 1911 - pamwe kero. More chaiwo zvirongwa Chokwadi, hazvina, vakanga chete maviri. Wokutanga-zvinhu zvose ndege yaigadzirwa Germany - Air 232. Asati kuti mitoro zvifambiswe zvishoma kujairana "Junkers". Airliners hunovakirwa mabasa chaiwo mitoro vanonzi freighters. Havana akagadzirirwa vanhu.

Kudeuka kago vatakuri

Izvi kubhururuka chikara - AN-225 ( "Dream") akanga ava Antonov Design Bureau muna 1984, yokutanga ndege kwakaitika muna 1988. Shestimotorny turbojet vysokoplan, dvuhkilevoe muswe akavakukura bapiro aifanira kusika munhu simba-basa kuendesa chikamu kanda motokari kusvika kanda nzvimbo. The Soviet nzvimbo chirongwa "Buran" kunosanganisira kushandisa ino chaiyo ndege kuti anogona kumutsa anopfuura mazana maviri namakumi mashanu matani.

Lockheed C-5 Galaxy - American nhumbi airliner akaberekwa muna 1968, ari muchiuto chitakuriso, vaikwanisa panguva takura nhanhatu warrior vashandi vatakuri, vaviri dzehondo, BMP mana, helicopters nhanhatu "Apache". Hughes H-4 Hercules - yakasimba chaizvo kuziva 1947 inception, kuti mapapiro kuri makumi mapfumbamwe navasere mamita. Zvino ndiro ndege Museum, sezvo akaitwa rimwe kopi. Boeing 747-8I - combi ndege, akasunungura kupinda kugadzirwa muna 2008. Wakatambanudzira mana namakumi mana navaviri matani ari yasimuka, asi vamwe pane zvinhu mungarava anotora vanhu anenge mazana matanhatu.