Tritium - chii? tritium Weight

Munguva ichangopfuura, vanhu vaidavira kuti atomu - wose indivisible PARTICIPLE. Zvakazova pachena kuti rine neerekitironi orbiting maerekitironi. Panyaya iyi, musimboti chikamu zvakare kwainzi indivisible uye rose. Nhasi tinoziva kuti rinoumbwa protons uye neutrons. Uyezve, zvichienderana neuwandu ekupedzisira, pane imwe chete fuma angava isotopes akawanda. Saka, tritium - chii? Chii nokuda fuma, sei kundoitora uye kurishandisa?

Tritium - chii?

Rehydrogen - nyore nyaya zvakasikwa. Kana isu nezvazvo ayo inonyanya chimiro, pamusoro hamuzonzwikizve akati pazasi, ayo atomu inoumbwa rimwe Purotoni mumwe Erekitironi. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinogonawo kutora "imwe" nezvimedu, izvo zvishoma kuchinja ehupfumi ayo. Saka tritium musimboti chinosanganisira hwepurotoni uye vaviri neutrons. Uye kana kufunga kuti uri nyore chimiro rehydrogen - ndiko kuti chinhu chinonyanya zhinji zvose, chinhu pamusoro wake "nani" shanduro haritauri - zvakasikwa, inowanikwa diki zvakawanda.

Rehydrogen isotope tritium (zita rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki "chetatu") yakavhurwa 1934 kubudikidza Rutherford, Oliphant uye Harteck. Uye chokwadi, takaedza kuwana naye zvikuru refu uye zvakaoma. Pakarepo mushure kuwanikwa deuterium inoremerwa mvura muna 1932, masayendisiti akatanga kutsvaka isotope ichi ndeyokuita kuwedzera nehanya kuti spectral kuongorora kudzidza zvavo rehydrogen. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose, kuedza avo pasina - kunyange kupfuura kuramba ivhu vakatadza kuwana kunyange kuchiratidza paine venhumbi yave kungoti vanosungirwa zvivepo. Asi kuguma tsvaga achiri kundikana - Oliphant synthesized chinhu achibatsirwa rinorema mvura iri Rutherford murabhoritari.

Muchidimbu, tritium rondedzero iri sezvinotevera: kuva radioactive isotope rehydrogen, vane mwoyo ine hwepurotoni uye vaviri neutrons. Saka, chii chatinoziva nezvake?

On rehydrogen isotopes

The chinhu periodic table wokutanga akabva rakajairika zvose. In hunhu richiwanika muchimiro chezvinhu zvitatu isotopes: protium, deuterium kana tritium. wokutanga chinoumba rinoumbwa rimwe hwepurotoni, iyo akachipa zita rayo. Zviya, ichi ndicho chete akatsiga chinhu kuti haana neutrons. Rinotevera mune dzinotevedzana rehydrogen isotope ndiyo deuterium. Chinoumba ayo atomu ine hwepurotoni uye Nyuturoni, uye zita anowana kubva rechiGiriki "wechipiri."

vakanga vakagadzirira murabhoritari kunyange kwakanyanya rehydrogen isotopes pamwe gobvu nhamba kubva 4 kusvika ku7 Nguva hafu-lobes shoma seconds.

ehupfumi

Nuclear tritium uremu inenge 3,02 a. e. m. The ehupfumi yamarudzi ichi muviri hakusi zvakasiyana chaizvo kubva kwakajairika rehydrogen, i.e. pasi zvakajairika ezvinhu ari chiedza gasi pasina ruvara, kuravidza uye kwakanaka, ane yakakwirira chafariz conductivity. Pamusangano tembiricha anenge -250 madhigirii chilis anova nyore uye Urume Hauoneki zvokunwa. The Range mukati iro riri rehurumende aggregation iwayo rakamanikana. Utsotso tembiricha iri vanenge 259 Celsius, pazasi iyo hydrogen anova snegopodobnoy guru. Uyezve, maatomu akafanana izvi zvikuru soluble mune dzimwe simbi.

Zvisinei, pane dzimwe kusiyana ehupfumi. Chekutanga, wechitatu isotope ane yakaderera reactivity, uye chepiri tritium ndiyo radioactive uye saka kusagadzikana. The hafu-upenyu pfuurei makore 12. In nedanho radiolysis zvinoitika rechitatu isotope kuti nehelium pamwe Erekitironi achine uye antineutrinos.

mutambo

Zvakasikwa, zviri tritium iri zvishoma uye kazhinji achiumbwa rokumusoro mhepo kana yepasi pose nezvimedu dhumhana uye, somuenzaniso, senitrogen maatomu. Zvisinei, pane imwe nzira maindasitiri kubereka chaikosha uyu irradiation kuti lithium-6 neutrons mu zvenyukireya reactors.

Kwetunhu tritium inzwi, iyo inorema anenge 1 kilogram, mari inenge $ 30 miriyoni.

kushandiswa

Saka, takadzidza zvishoma zvakawanda pamusoro tritium - chii uye ayo zvivako. Asi nei kudiwa? Ngationgororei pazasi. Maererano nokumwe kufungidzira yose vezvokutengeserana kudiwa tritium anenge 500 magiramu pagore iri kupedzerwa zvinodiwa zvechiuto inenge 7 makirogiramu.

Maererano neAmerican Institute for Energy uye Environmental Research, kubva 1955 kusvika 1996, 2,2 quintals ose superheavy rehydrogen anogadzirwa muUnited States. Uye muna 2003 zvachose reserves ari chinhu anenge 18 makirogiramu. Nokuti chii vari kushandiswa?

Chekutanga, tritium chinodiwa kuramba kurwa kugona zvombo zvenyukireya, iyo, sezvo tichiziva, vachiri nhaka dzimwe nyika. Chechipiri, pasina hazvigoni kuita Fusion simba. Chimwe tritium kushandiswa mune dzimwe zvidzidzo zvesainzi, somuenzaniso, mune zvemaumbirwo nayo yakatanga kusvika yepanyama mvura. Chimwe chinangwa - simba rine backlight maawa. Uyezve, ano vaedza pamusoro mukusika radioisotope emagetsi Ultra-pasi simba Somuenzaniso, sensors nokuti zvionera simba zvitengeswa. Zvinotarisirwa kuti iyi nyaya basa upenyu kunhivi 20 makore. Mari jenareta vakadaro vachava vanenge chiuru zvemadhora.

Sezvo yepakutanga matkamuistoja, panewo anokosha ngetani shoma tritium mukati. Ivo emit mumwe sokupenya uye mutarire kwazvo zvekumwe, kunyanya kana uchiziva pamusoro pezviri kugutsikana.

ngozi

Tritium riri radioactive, rinotsanangura chikamu zvivako ayo uye rinoshandiswa. Its hafu-upenyu anenge 12, nokudaro wezvamatongerwe nehelium-3 uye Erekitironi achine antineutrinos. Panguva iyi kuita unobereka 18,59 KW simba Beta nezvimedu uye anoparadzirwa mudenga. Man mumugwagwa zvingaita sezvinoshamisa kuti radioactive isotope inoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, kusimbisa maawa, nokuti kunogona kuva nengozi, handiti? Kutaura zvazviri tritium kashoma chinhu hungangokanganisa utano hwevanhu, nokuti Beta nezvimedu anoparadzirwa kusvika 6 millimeters mu nedanho kuora uye haagoni kukunda zvipingamupinyi majemusi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti kushanda navo makarwe chose - chero pamukova zvokudya, mhepo, kana Absorção de Água kuburikidza ganda kungakonzera zvinetso. Paaiva kakawanda zviri nyore uye nokukurumidza yabudiswa, izvi handizvo zvinoitika nguva dzose. Saka, tritium - chii chiri chibvumirano mwaranzi njodzi?

dziviriro matanho

Pasinei chokuti pasi simba kuora kuti tritium haabvumiri nemwaranzi kuparadzira zvakakomba, saka Beta nezvimedu hazvigoni kukundwa kunyange ganda, haufaniri kuregeredza utano hwako. Kana kushanda isotope ichi kunogona Chokwadi, haashandisi nemwaranzi inodzivirira masutu, asi dzinokosha mitemo, yakadai namahwindo zvipfeko uye zvomusejari magiravhusi, unofanira kugara pedyo. Sezvo huru ngozi tritium ndeyokuita ingestion, zvakakosha kumisa basa panguva iyo anova zvinobvira. Nokuti vamwe, hapana kunetseka pamusoro.

Zvisinei, kana, zviri vakawanda vakanyoresa munyama muviri, anogona kuva chakasimba kana chirwere nemwaranzi chirwere kunoenderana nguva, dose uye kakawanda chokupfeka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chirwere ichi zvinobudirira kurapwa, asi zvakawanda maronda kungatungamirira rufu.

Chero Muzvarirwo muviri une tichingoda tritium, kunyange zvazvo ivo haakoshi zvachose uye kashoma kuti kuvhiringidza nemwaranzi background. Asi pakati Fans ose dzokurinda vane luminous maoko pamusoro wayo pamwero kakati, kunyange zvazvo vachiri vaiona yakachengeteka.

super-rinorema mvura

Tritium sezvo kuipa rehydrogen zvingaite itsva zvinhu. Zvikurukuru, inopinda munzvimbo Morekuru dzinonzi super-rinorema (heavyweight) mvura. The ehupfumi yamarudzi ichi vasina kunyanya kusiyana zvatinosiita H ₂ O. In mumwe munhu kuti tritiated mvura zvinogona munyaya muviri, ine nani yakakwirira toxicity uye kunoratidzwa kwemazuva gumi, umo zvinyama vanogona akanaka anokudzwa dzokuteerera. Kunyange zvazvo fuma iri shoma ngozi pachayo, zvinonyanya ngozi chokuita nguva iyo pane mumuviri.