Alpha-adrenergic agonists: tsananguro, chikumbiro, musimboti

Agonists kureva boka zvinodhaka, nemhaka iyo inobatanidzwa kweiyi adrenergic receptors riri zvomukati, uye vascular masvingo. adrenoceptors All vanokamurwa muzvikwata wandei zvichienderana localization yairevererwa kushanda uye mano kuumba zvivako pamwe zvinoshingaira zvinhu. Alpha-agonists kunobatsira pamusoro Alpha-adrenergic receptors, zvichikonzera chaiyo achipindura muviri.

Ndeipi Arufa-adrenergic receptors

A1-adrenoceptors iri pamusoro pechiso membranes masero ari synapse sei norepinephrine, izvo aburitswa tsinga harinzwi ari postganglionic Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu ari tsitsi tsinga. Vemunyika vari arteries ose caliber duku. Kanotokonya dzishande kunokonzera vasospasm, BP, akaderedza permeability pamusoro arterial rusvingo, kuderedza kuratidzwa anogumbura siyana pamuviri.

A 2-adrenergic receptors iri kunze synapses pamusoro presynaptic muchitokisi membrane. Sei zvinoitwa noradrenaline uye adrenaline. Kanotokonya dzishande rinoita backlash, uko kunoratidzwa hypotension uye vascular kuzvivaraidza.

General ruzivo pamusoro adrenomimetikami

Alpha- uye Beta-agonists, ayo pasina chokuita aikanganiswa navo receptors muchiswededza nezvaizoitwa adrenaline kana noradrenaline simba, yainzi achishandisa zvakananga chiito.

Mubayiro nemadhiragi zvingaitika uye isina kunanga nomugumisiroi iyo hworatidza pacharo nokuda kweiyi pazera pachake neurotransmitters, kunotadzisa kudzikisirana wavo, anowedzera wevasungwa tsinga harinzwi.

Adrenoceptor agonists vanotumirwa zvinotevera ezvinhu:

• mwoyo kukundikana, zvikuru hypotension, pakaparara, kuvhunduka, cardiac kusungwa;
• asima, bronchospasm;
• yakakwirira intraocular kumanikidzwa;
• anogumbura zvirwere mucous Kamudzira kwemaziso uye mhuno;
• hypoglycemic chaanoziva;
• zvomunharaunda yokutindivadza.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

zvinodhaka boka rinosanganisira zvokusarudza (nokuita rimwe mufananidzo Kanotokonya) uye nevasiri haangotongi (A1 excitation uye A2-receptors) rinoreva. Non-vanosarudza Alpha-agonists akabvuma zvakananga noradrenaline, anotokonya uye kuita pamusoro Beta-receptors.

Alpha-agonists kukanganisa A1-receptors - antishock nemishonga inoshandiswa unopinza kuderera BP. Rinogona kushandiswa topically, kukonzera constriction pamusoro arterioles kuti yemaziso kana nyanzvi sema rhinitis. Anozivikanwa zvinodhaka Group:

• "Midodrin";
• "Mezaton";
• "Etilefrin".

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, kukanganisa A2 Kanotokonya, zvakawanda aizivikanwa mukuru gobvu chavagari nokuda kwayo zvakasikwa chikumbiro. Top Vamiririri - "Xylometazoline," "Nazol", "Sanorin", "Visine". Used pakurapa anogumbura nezvirwere kwameso uye mhuno (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, sinusitis).

Mishonga vanozivikanwa kwavo vasoconstrictor maturo, iyo anobvisa nasal kuzara. Kushandisa mari zvinofanira kuitika chete pasi pokudzora nyanzvi, sezvo refu kusingadzoreki kugamuchira kungaita kukura zvinodhaka kugadzikana uye mucosal atrophy.

Vana vaduku ngaagadze vamiririri ine Alpha-adrenergic agonists. Zvinodhaka munyika iyi vane yakaderera wevasungwa yezviri fuma. Yakafanana rinoshandiswa kurapwa vanhu kutambura cheshuga uye BP.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, excitatory A2-receptors, uye anosanganisira centrally nokuita yomuchipatara ( "methyldopa", "Clonidine", "Katapresan"). Zvazvinoita kwakaita sezvinotevera:

• hypotensive chaizvoizvo;
• ungaderedza kwemwoyo;
• chinozorodza chaizvoizvo;
• kuduku kurwadziwa;
• kwakaderedza secretion kuti lacrimal uye mate mumasero;
• kwakaderedza secretion remvura ura duku.

"Mezaton"

Kugadzirira kwakavakirwa phenylephrine hydrochloride, zvichikonzera kwakawedzera BP. Chikumbiro chacho kunoda dosing yakarurama sezvinobvira dzepanguva kuderera kwemwoyo. "Mezaton" anowedzera kumanikidza zvinyoronyoro tichienzanisa nedzimwe zvinodhaka, asi mugumisiro zvikuru yakasimba.

Zvairatidza zvinoreva:

• hypotension, kuwa;
• kugadzirira kuvhiyiwa;
• vasomotor rhinitis ;
• omunharaunda yokutindivadza;
• chepfu kubva etiologies siyana.

Kudiwa vatogamuchira zvinoda intravenous yaitonga. The mushonga iri jekiseni kupinda tsandanyama, subcutaneously, intranasally.

"Xylometazoline"

The chinodhaka muchiva zita zvinoshingaira fuma, chikamu "galazolin" "Otrivin" "ksimelin" "Dlyanosa". Rinoshandiswa nenzira kukamura uchishandisa pakurapa chakasimba zvinotapukira rhinitis, sinusitis, nouswa, otitis nhau, pakugadzirira operative kana chirwere nzira yacho nasal mhango.

It anogadzirwa muchimiro pfapfaidzo, madonhwe nasal gel zvikumbiro. Mwaya vakabvumira vana kubva makore 12. Chenjerera vakagadzwa zvinotevera ezvinhu:

• angina;
• lactation;
• thyroid chirwere;
• prostatic hyperplasia isiri yekenza;
• chirwere cheshuga;
• pamuviri.

"Clonidine"

The mushonga ari Alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. The mashandiro chiito "clonidine" inobva excitation kuti A2-adrenergic receptors, zvichiguma kuderera kumanikidzwa, kukura rufimbi diki uye nyaradzo.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa siyana BP, chirwere cheBP dambudziko, kuderedza yemaziso kurwiswa akabatana nevamwe zvapanzvimbo kurapwa zvinodhaka uye doro muropa.

"Clonidine" iri contraindicated panguva pamuviri, asi panyaya kwazvo gestosis pave paya matanho, kana kubatsira kuti mai kudarika ngozi kukuvadza mudumbu, zvinokwanisika kuti kushandisa mishonga diki mushonga akabatana nevamwe zvinodhaka.

"Visine"

Vasoconstrictor mushonga kuburikidza tetryzoline kushandiswa ophthalmology. Under nawo kunoitika mydriasis, conjunctival edema rutapudzo, kudukupiswa kweShanduro intraocular mvura. Rinoshandiswa pakurapa sema conjunctivitis, nomuviri, panyama kana makemikari chiito kuti dzimwe vamiririri pamusoro mucous kukotsira.

Ovhadhozi Alpha agonists

Ovhadhozi kunoratidzwa anosimbirira kuchinja zvinoratidza migumisiro Arifa-agonists. Murwere hanya BP, vakawedzera kwemwoyo mutinhimira zvirwere. Munguva iyi zvinokwanisika kukura sitiroko kana pulmonary edema.

Zvipatara overdosing ndiko kushandisa zvinotevera mumapoka zvinodhaka:

1. Peripheral sympatholytic kuvhiringidza nokupfuuridzirwa etsinga nomunhu ari arikunze uye tsinga. Nokudaro, akaderedza kufurirwa iri shoma kwemwoyo uye peripheral nemishonga.
2. Karusiyamu mhandu zvainanga ichivharira aibuda karusiyamu ions mumakamuri. Cardiac tsandanyama kunoderedza kuti oxygen kudiwa, akaderedza contractility nayo kunonatsiridza kutandara panguva diastole, kuwedzera mapoka ose arteries.
3. zvinodhaka Myotropic zvinongomutsa kutandara pamusoro wakatsetseka tsandanyama, kusanganisira tsandanyama uye rusvingo vascular.

Alpha-adrenergic agonists, kushandiswa rine boka guru kuverengwa, inoda kungwarira pakusarudza chipimo chemushonga, vachiongorora kuti unonzi, electrocardiograph, BP, peripheral ropa.