Anatomy. Common carotid tsinga

Carotid tsinga - aiwanzopiwa wokushanda midziyo kupa ropa vose nhengo uye nyama yacho musoro uye mutsipa, pakutanga - uropi uye meso. Asi chii chatinoziva nezvake? Zvimwe anouya chete mupfungwa akafunga kuti, nokutsikirira neminwe yenyu munharaunda kwainoenda (panguva huro, nenzira yacho trachea), unogona nguva dzose kuwana nyore Ropa.

The nemamiriro carotid tsinga

Common carotid tsinga (nhamba "3" iri mufananidzo) rine yakatangira chipfuva nzvimbo uye ine midziyo miviri ropa - rworudyi uye kuruboshwe. Rinobuda achitevedza trachea uye yegurokuro achitevedza transverse dzinotsanagura ari vertebrae kwemitsipa pedo pamberi muviri.

Kodzero akajairika carotid tsinga ane kureba 6 kusvika 12 masendimita, uye rinotanga kubva brachiocephalic hunde uye inoguma munzvimbo kugovera yokumusoro pamucheto thyroid shwashwa.

The akasiya zvakajairika carotid tsinga kurudyi vaviri masendimita refu (saizi yayo anogona kusvika 16 masendimita) nokuti rinotanga zvishoma pazasi - kubva kutsemuka chematenga.

Common carotid arteries (kuruboshwe uye kurudyi chikamu) pechipfuva tsandanyama anomuka kuti muromo wechibereko vertebrae pakavha vertically kumusoro. Pakati pakati kurudyi nekuruboshwe mudziyo rinopfuura yegurokuro uye trachea chubhu. Kunze, pedyo pamberi pamutsipa, ndiye chete vaviri jugular Vienna. ropa rake kuyerera inoendeswa pasi pomwoyo. Uye pakati vanhuwo carotid tsinga uye jugular tsinga ndiye ari vagus etsinga. Pamwe chete vanoumba muromo wechibereko neurovascular masumbu.

Bifurcation zvinowanzoitwa carotid tsinga

Pamusoro, pedo kumucheto thyroid shwashwa ndiye weboka carotid tsinga kupinda munyika uye kwokunze / yokunze (mumufananidzo wokutanga akacherekedza 1 uye 2). Munzvimbo imwe bifurcation, apo vanhuwo carotid tsinga mapazi kupinda maviri akatevedzana chiri kuwedzera, unonzi carotid sinus uye hope pheochrome muviri - yakabatana Sine maduku nodule. Ichi munyika dzine dzepanguva zvikuru kukosha muviri, zviri kukonzera kuti BP (chacho hachichinji), kuti nguva dzose mumoyo tsandanyama uye ropa magasi.

External carotid tsinga inokamukana mberi muzvikwata inoverengeka midziyo makuru uye anopa ropa kuti mate uye thyroid omumuviri, tsandanyama dzechiso, uye rurimi, mutsipa uye parotid nharaunda, nzvimbo rokumusoro shaya zvenyama nzvimbo. Inoitwa:

• kunze thyroid;
• akwira pharyngeal;
• mutauro;
• mberi;
• occipital;
• posterior auricular tsinga.

The womukati carotid tsinga inokamukana kuramba ropa midziyo shanu uye vaiita kumunda zvokufambisa pakati eyeballs, pamberi uye musana musoro uropi, kuti musana ari kunharaunda remuromo vertebrae. Inoitwa zvikamu nomwe:

• Connection.
• Eye.
• Remuromo.
• Rocky.
• Wedge.
• Cavernous.
• Chidimbu kwakandionza maburi.

Kuyerwa ropa riyerere ari carotid tsinga

Kuyera ropa pamwero zvakafanira kupfuura kudzidza, unonzi duplex kushanda pakuvheneka kuti brachiocephalic midziyo (SPL BCA). Brachiocephalic (mainline) midziyo akadana kupfuura arteries uye mutsinga mumuviri womunhu - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Ndizvo avo vane basa ropa wedzerai kuuropi nyama yacho musoro uye okumusoro migumo.

Result anoratidza SPL GCA:

• upamhi vascular lumen;
• Kuvapo / kusavapo Dombo inotungamirwa, peeling, ropa clots zvavo pamadziro;
• kuwedzera / stenosis ari mudziyo masvingo;
• nokuti deformation, makatsemuka, aneurysms.

Normal ropa kuyerera kuuropi - 55 Rine mamiririta / 100 g tishu. Zviri ichi pamwero mberi carotid anovimbisa krovosnabzheniyaegolovnogo uropi zvakanaka uye hapana aienda pamusoro lumen, Dombo inotungamirwa, deformations yacho carotid tsinga.

Thrombosis of carotid tsinga

Kana zvemukati / zvakafanana / zvokunze carotid arteries vakanga occluded (mumudziyo lumen kuumbwa thrombus), ischemic sitiroko kunoitika, uye dzimwe nguva kungoerekana rufu. The chikuru chinokonzera thrombosis ndiko atherosclerosis, zvinoita kuti paumbwe Dombo. Other zvikonzero chimiro plaques ndiwo:

• kuvapo zvirwere zvakadai fibromyshechnaya dysplasia, moyamoya chirwere, Horton, Takayasu raMwari;
• dzechimwe Kukuvara uropi pamwe hematoma munzvimbo yacho tsinga;
• STRUCTURAL zviri arteries: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• kusvuta;
• chirwere cheshuga;
• kufutisa.

Zviratidzo pamberi plaques

Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti vanhuwo carotid tsinga, umo aienda uye Dombo inotungamirwa anogona pachayo haina kuratidza. Zvisinei, pane zviratidzo nayo chiremba anogona rokuongorora kuvapo kwavo.

• marwadzo pamutsipa;
• kwazvo yokurwiswa nemusoro;
• kurasikirwa pfungwa, kufenda;
• nenguva dzirikure upofu rimwe kana maviri meso;
• madzerere panguva yechiitwa;
• tsanga;
• kuvapo wakananga tinnitus (vachiridza kana kuchema);
• kuoma tsoka uye makumbo;
• vachivavhiringidza kana achifamba;
• pachena nenungo, lethargy;
• simba kutsenga kufamba;
• kushandura Ruvara the retina meso;
• nokugwinha;
• zvisipo, delirium, vakadhakwa kuziva;
• kutaura nyonganyonga, uye zvakawanda.

The zvishoma nezvishoma Kushatiswa uropi, chokuita mitemo ropa rayo zvitengeswa uye mwoyo kurwiswa (kuna zvizere mhingaidzo ari mudziyo) anogona yekudyidzana kuchinja upenyu chero nguva.

Mabatirwo carotid tsinga blockage

Pamberi kugadzwa kurapwa rinoitwa pokuongorora kuti anotibvumira kusarudza zvinhu chirwere, kusarudza chaiyo nzvimbo njodzi tsinga:

• Ultrassom pamwe Doppler.
• Rheoencephalography (reg) - kupa ruzivo pamusoro elasticity uye matauriro kwouropi midziyo.
• Electroencephalography (eeg) - kudzidza mamiriro uropi mashandiro.
• Magnetic resonance kuri (MRI) - anopa tsanangudzo mufananidzo mamiriro uropi fuma, tsinga uye tsinga.
• Computed tomography (CT) tarisei - maekisirei uropi zvivako.

Mushure mamwe nechirwere, zvichienderana papi uye zvechadenga chirwere, akarayira:

1. Kuchinja. Prophylactic mabatiro zvimwe zvinodhaka (anticoagulants uye thrombolytics) kwemwedzi kana kunyange makore, pamwe nenguva dzirikure anodzorawo mwero kuvandudzika.
2. Nzira / neurosurgical kurapwa (multiple thrombi, njodzi thromboembolism):

• Novocaine blockade.
• Kuisa yokunzvenga occluded chikamu ropa unyatsoshanda carotid tsinga.
• Yaitsiva ukama mudziyo batanidza.