Basa "chitima mutyairi": tsananguro, tsanangudzo yakaperera, makomborero

Pakati vazhinji kushanda ounyanzvi hwokugadzira pane vaya nezvezvandisina kubva pauduku. Ivo yakafukidzwa imwe Aura dzorudo uye yakakwirira professionalism. Mumwe wavo - kupupura "chitima mutyairi". Ndiye rinokosha njanji chokufambisa uye mabasa ayo chokuita kurapa locomotive.

A nhoroondo pfupi iri basa

Pangosvika njanji wokutanga, uye ndokusunungurwa wokutanga chitima, paiva mubvunzo pamusoro Kutarisirwa ake kunge vaisa. Okugumburisa rakabudirira, hatifaniri chete ruzivo akakodzera, asiwo chaiyo mutambi unhu.

MuRussia, kupupura "chitima mutyairi" akadzoka muna 1834. Pakutanga njanji vakaenda nziyo duku kwose motokari ina. Dzichimhanya haana pfuura 33 km / h. Asi pashure kuwedzera kugona uye nokukurumidza pakunogumira 42 km / h, zvaida vanhu vaigona kukurira kuwedzera pokuwanda kwebasa. Saka, mashoko ekudzidzisa dzakarongwa kudzidza uye njanji zvakanaka unyanzvi.

machinists dzaiva muSoviet Union zvinodiwa. Kuisa njanji akanga chaizvo kumhanya, nyika inobereka zvakasiyana siyana Formulations nokuda chokufambisa kwenhumbi vakatakurwa. Zvinodiwa vanhu vanonyatsokwanisa, akanyatsogadzirira nokuti kudzora sezvamunoita.

Maitiro zviri dzakagadzirirwa

Basa mutyairi iri inozikanwa kuonekwa sezvo evasingatombonamati munhurume. Asi hapana muganhu predstatelnits munhukadzi, kana ivo deign kudzidza unyanzvi ichi. Asi kuti aiva chavanoziva sarudzo, zvakakodzera kuziva chaizvo rondedzero basa "chitima mutyairi".

Specialty ane vanoverengeka dzakananga features, izvo zvinofanira kugadziriswa. Basa inoda kwete chete kutsungirira, asi utano zvakaisvonaka. Naizvozvo, kana kupinda nhengo sangano zvinoda yokurapa gwaro kugwinya.

Basa "chitima mutyairi" rinoreva kuziva michina zvaiva michina uye otomatiki mano mune locomotive mberi.

Kubva mutyairi zvinoda zvikuru yevasungwa. Kudzivirira tsaona, zvinokosha kuti unyatsoteerera mugwagwa zviratidzo, mamiriro ekunze uye kuverengwa. On-refu daro nezvitima nguva dzose isa vabatsiri uyo noruzhowa mutyairi mukuru uye kupa mukana kuzorora.

Mabasa chikuru locomotive

Kana uchityaira chitima mutyairi pamwe mubatsiri anoita zvinotevera mabasa:

• Tevera zviratidzo uye zviratidzo pamusoro kuchiteshi mutsetse;
• ndichiona kuverengwa pakati chiridzwa Panel kuti inoratidza risina kumiswa kushanda yose rinopfungaira wemari;
• kuongorora mamiriro pamusoro locomotive uye kuvimbika kwaro;
• anonongedzera vanopiwa yakaiswa pamusuo kuchiteshi;
• anokonzera kuchengeteka anofambisa;
• pamusoro kuonekwa pamusoro mhosva inofanira pakarepo zvapinda basa mukuru pachiteshi.

Basa "chitima mutyairi" zvinosanganisira kakawanda ndisina kumba. Asi anopa mukana kuona nzvimbo dzakawanda itsva. Naizvozvo, vanhu vari kupanga zvakaitika itsva uye chido chokudzidza hwokugadzira zvechadenga kuchiteshi chokufambisa, kazhinji sarudza dzakagadzirirwa ichi.

Vana njanji

varume avo, panguva zvidzidzo pamusoro nebasa mazano anyore rondedzero panyaya - "ramangwana basa rangu - Chitima mutyairi", unofanira kushanyira vana njanji.

Masangano akadai yatovapo mumaguta akawanda Russian. Vaya vanoda kutyaira pamusoro pamakwara haisi chete chitoyi, asi munhu chaiye marongerwo mukuru-sosaiti, ronga dzidzo chaiyo. Mushure kuwana zvakafanira ruzivo vakomana vanogona kushanda conductors izvi, chiteshi basa mukuru, uye kunyange kubatsira opareta kuchengetedza chitima chaihwo vanhu.

Vana njanji kwete chete inopa varaidzo basa Skating vana vaduku, asiwo nesangano zvimwe dzidzo. Vana vane makore 8 kusvika 15 makore vangadzidza zvakasiyana njanji dzakagadzirirwa uye kusimbisa mashoko vawana unyanzvi kupinda tsika.

Basa "chitima mutyairi" vana mukudzidzire kwete chete mukirasi. On nezvitima izvi kunoderedza zvishoma Ukuru uye rakamanikana njanji njanji, achitungamirirwa akura kuyaruka kuti kudzidza kutanga unyanzvi dzakaoma.

On the chevana njanji yose nzira zvechokwadi. Kana toreva zvazviri zvinoita, midziyo yose anoenderana zvakafanana makwara vakawanda chinangwa. Uye, kunyange zvazvo njanji haasi kuwana vaiita njanji, murwiyo kunoenderana zvizere zvizere mutakurwi locomotives uye vanhu vari chaizvo.

Kudzidza unyanzvi kutyaira

Kurota ndikunde motokari inorema uye kuva maneja refu sezvamunoita zvinobatsira kuziva kuti kupupura chitima mutyairi. Vakadzidzira dzakagadzirirwa kuti njanji mumakoreji, kubvuma zvinogoneka pashure 9 makore chesekondari.

Huru anoranga kuti ndikudzidzisei vanotarisira vadzidzi, ukama sayenzi zvekushandisa, motokari kuchengeteka mirayiro yevanhu uye nenhumbi, zvinokosha njanji motokari.

Kuti zvakanaka kutarisira murwiyo wose, zvinokosha kudzidza zvachiri uye vane ruzivo mune Software uye kuti inoshanda sei.

Kuti vazive hope, zvazvinosarira chete kusarudza pedyo chikoro, inova zvikuru chaizvo pasi. Pakati yakakurumbira kusunungurwa: Saratov, Samara, Orenburg, Penza Railway College.

Nokuti dzidzo yepamusoro zvakakodzera kunyoresa mamiriro mumayunivhesiti pamusoro Railways, apo unogona kuwana chitima mutyairi basa uye zvinodiwa kuti injiniya ose njanji yokukurukurirana. Dzidzo masangano muMoscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Rostov, kuFar East uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

The kudiwa ballet

Asati asarudza ramangwana basa rimwe zvinokosha kuziva tarisiro yawo. Specialization "locomotive injiniya" ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo pamazita rakabudiswa "pepanhau Russian" anoverengeka apfuura.

On nezvinodiwa vashandirwi vanoti nekukumbirira misika basa, ramakagadzwa 33% of nhamba hwaienzanirana kune "mutyairi".

Plus chaiwo ayo nekuipira

Kufanana chimwe, basa mutyairi wacho ine chisingarambiki zvakwakanakira. Mumwe wavo ari kusonganirana denderedzwa rechiedza dzorudo, kana munhu kuramba mumugwagwa muone yakawanda itsva nzvimbo. Asiwo kunoita kuti tibvunze kuti kusava chiremera. The chaizvo basa racho zvinoita munhu kuparadzaniswa nemhuri kwenguva refu kuti vamwe varege bata.

Asi basa guru kuti upenyu vatakurwi uye zvinhu kuchengeteka inopikira uye vakadzikama mubayiro. Railways Russian, mukuwedzera kune mubayiro, kupa kwavo vashandi dzokuwedzera rutsigiro muchimiro mibayiro, vouchers kune nekwevanorwa pfungwa uye refu pazororo.

Drawback yakakwirira mutoro pamusoro muviri uye simba kuti utano ngozi. In mutyairi wacho kusuduruka kunotora maawa 12, izvo akapedza ari muchisungwazve nzvimbo uye pakupedzisira kuongorora.

rine minzwa nzira

Pashure kudzidzisa vose nyanzvi kutanga kwavo nzira kuti mutyairi wacho mubatsiri. Zvichienderana dzidzo uye unyanzvi hunobatsira vaduku nenyanzvi inogona kuchengeta nzvimbo Assistant kubva inoverengeka makore maviri.

Chete pashure yokuedzwa pedyo nyanzvi uye nepamahofisi runoenzanirana bvunzurudzo murume aivimba kutungamirira kwavo rinopfungaira unganidza.