Bhuku reRussia National Library muSt. Petersburg: kubva kune nheyo kusvikira nhasi

Rudo rwemabhuku, vanhu vedu vave vachidya kwemamiriyoni. Imwe temberi yekutanga yebhuku yakaonekwa muKiev, pamutungamiri weChris Yaroslav Wenzi muna 1037. Kwenguva yakareba iyi repository ndiyo yakanakisisa munyika. Nhasi Rusvingo Rwenyika yeRussia muSt. Petersburg rwuri pane urongwa hwebhuku rakasiyana-siyana remabhuku.

Kubva pane chirongwa chekushanda

Pamberi pacho, vapfumi chete nevakanaka ndivo vaiva nehuwandu hwokuunganidza mabhuku. Asi mamwe mapoka maduku muimba dzevanokudzwa aisakwanisa kuva nheyo yekusimba kwakasimba kwevanhu vakachenjera, izvo nyika yaida. Yokutanga kuedza kugadzira makamuri ekuverenga kwakagadzirwa muCademies. Asi kusvika kumatare akadaro kwakanga kusiri munhu wese, uye kunyanya kwebhuku remabhuku kwakanga kwakanyanya.

Nokudaro, mubvunzo wakamuka pakuumba imba umo kunyange zvikamu zviduku zvevanhu vangagamuchira ruzivo.

Basa iri rakaitwa neImperial Public Reading Room, iyo yakazozivikanwa seNational Library yeRussia. St. Petersburg yakave iyo nzvimbo yehurumende mushure mokuvandudzwa kwaPeter I. Saka, guta iro nzvimbo idzva rakagadzirirwa, rakasarudzwa pasina kushamisika. Semuenzaniso, vakatora European book depositories.

Kurota kweMmpress

Zuva rokuberekwa kweraibhurari rinoonekwa seMeyi 16 (27), 1795. Ndiyo panguva iyoyo iyo Queen Catherine Mukuru yakagamuchira basa rakarongedzwa nemuvakiriti Yegor Sokolov. Mushure mokubvumirwa kweurongwa, kuvaka kwakatanga pakarepo. Basa rakabhadharwa kubva kuhupfumi hwehurumende.

Kwete kwenguva refu yakasarudza pasi pasi peimba, iyo munguva yemberi yakazozivikanwa seNational Library yeRussia. MuSt. Petersburg, nzvimbo yacho ndeyeNevsky Prospekt. Ikoko, uye yakagoverwa nzvimbo yeurongwa hutsva.

Ukuru hwetemberi yeshoko ndeyekuti nzvimbo yacho yakatanga kubatwa kwete kungofanana neimba yekuchengetedza mabhuku anokosha epamusoro uye zvinyorwa, asi inharaunda, inowanzowanika nzvimbo. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti pane rimwe rimwe basa rakatarisana nevatsvakurudzi: kuunganidza nekugadzirisa mabhuku ose akanyorwa muchiRussia.

Peak kukura

Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwakasimba kwaiva kuvakwa uye kuunganidza zvinhu mumabhuku. Mhosva yacho yakakonzerwa, uye imba yekuverenga yakambopemberera kuvhura chete musi waJanuary 2 (14), 1814. Izvi ndizvo zvakafanana neRussia National Library yakateyiwa muSt. Petersburg.

Kwemakore, kwete chete nhamba yemabhuku, asiwo nhamba yevashanyi yakawedzera. Mafungiro akakurumbira yenguva iyoyo akabatsira kuunganidza kuunganidza: vanyori, mafilosofi, masayendisiti. Basa ravo rakanga risina maturo, uye kare muna 1864 muimba yekuverenga yakaunganidzwa anenge 90% emabhuku ose echiRussia.

Sezvakarongwa, nenguva inowedzera vanhu vakawanda kubva kumhuri dzisiri nyore vakatanga kuuya. Burugeoisie, vaduku, vatongi vanoparara - vose pamwe chete vanofara vakawana imba yekuverenga. Paivawo nevakadzi vaiwanzoshanyira veimba yebhuku racho. Isu takasimbisawo mabhuku nemamwe mabhuku ekuisa pasi munyika. Kubatanidzwa kwakabatanidzwa zvikuru nemayunivhesiti uye zvidzidzo.

Horo dzisina vanhu

The Imperial Public Reading Room, iyo inozivikanwa kuvaverengi seRussia National Library muSt. Petersburg, yakawana zvinhu zvitsva mushure mekusvika kweSoviet power.

Uhu hutungamiri hwakasarudza zvachose kupikisa pfungwa dzekuti vanhu vangave vakatevedzera. Pakutanga, nhumbi yacho yakazadzikiswa chete pamari yekusungira pfumbamwe, iyo yakabviswa kubva kune avo vadzidzisi vemutemo - vanhu vega. Akaunza mabhuku kubva kumatemberi nemachechi. Munguva yeGreat Great Patriotic iyo raibhurari haina kurega mabasa ayo uye kunyange panguva yekuvhara mabhuku akabudisa mabhuku.

Kubva kuma1950, nhamba yevaverengi yakawedzera, uye maererano nenhamba yevashandi. Mashefu akazadzirwa nemakopi matsva uye matsva.

Nguva dzakaoma dzakauya mushure mekudonha kweUSSR. Nhamba yevashanyi yakawira zvakanyanya. Uyezve, makopi matsva emabhuku akarega kusvika.

Nhasi, zviremera zviri kuedza kudzidzisa muchizvarwa chechidiki rudo rwebhuku. Kuti uite izvi, ita zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa. Imwe nzvimbo yekuRussia yekuverenga nzvimbo (Moscow), iyo Presidential Library (St. Petersburg) - izvi uye zvimwe zvipfeko - kuzvikudza kwenyika.