Boguchany HPP: kuvaka murongi, pafoni, photo, mafashamo mapazi

Pakapera June 2016 mu Russia panguva zvizere vachikwanisa Boguchany HPP aiva idzva, yakavakwa pamusoro ari Angara River, 444? Km kubva mumuromo mayo mune taiga-sango wongoramba. simba iri chiteshi ndiye 5 ndipo munyika, uye ukama midziyo ano rokutanga rakava.

Kero kambani

City Kodinsk Kezhemskogo District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, kuvakwa nehwaro bhangi kuruboshwe, kuti zvikabatanidzwa nechigadziko nhamba 1, kuvaka 1 - chaiyo kero "Boguchany HPP". Phone nhamba sangano: (39143) 7-13-93. Uyewo, mashoko anogona kuwanikwa vachishandisa e-mail secrdir@boges.kodinsk.kras.ru. Company Index: 663.491.

A Nhoroondo shoma

The basa nokuti pakuvaka Boguchany hydropower chirimwa akabvumirwa neDare USSR Ministry of Energy muna 1969. Chokwadi iri, zvikuru kuvakwa nzvimbo inokosha iyi kuti nyika yakatanga muna 1974, vavaki chechitima rokutanga vaiva vashandi dzesangano "Bratskgesstroy". We akavatuma chinhu yaiva pamusoro Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. kuvakwa kwayo chete panguva ino yakapera zvachose.

Maererano chirongwa vanokwanisa pakati chirimwa kwaiva kuva 3000 MW, uye kumanikidza pamwero anotarisirwa kusvika mucherechedzo 208 m. The okuguma Hydroelectric racho yaizotongwa muna 1992. Zvisinei, zviri urombo zvakaoma mamiriro pakupera rokupedzisira remakore munyika haana kubvumira kuunza zvirongwa zvedu kusvika kumugumo. Nokuda kwokushayiwa zvinhu kumhanya pakuvaka chiteshi vakatanga zvishoma kuvira, uye muna 1994 zvakanga rakapotsa nechando.

Papera kutungamirira nyika kwainzi basa rokuvaka kuchiteshi mumatanho maviri (kuti kuderedza mari). Zvisinei, tendero Glavgosekspertizy haana kugamuchira. Kutangazve kuvaka chiteshi rakanga chete muna 2007 mu yechinangwa paruzhinji-private Kudyidzana. A gwaro achisimbisa chinangwa kuti yacho ovhurazve Boguchany HPP, wacho wakasainwa kambani "Rusal" uye Rao "UES yeRussia" kwemakore maviri asati kuti. Pakutanga okuguma chechitima kuda kwake kwakanga 58%. maviri okutanga vakanga kufuka Hydroelectric Boguchany hydropower chirimwa muna 2012

chiteshi Features

Boguchany HPP, mapikicha izvo akapa papeji anonamatwa erwiyo zvechokwadi. kuvakwa kwayo inosanganisira maviri dhamu guru - rockfill (1961.3 m) uye kongiri (828.7 m). Saka, zvinonyatsorehwa kubuda yemapurisa mberi kureba 2690 m. On vose madhamu parizvino mugwagwa. Kureva HPP anoshumira kupfuura yakavimbika uye bhiriji mhiri Angara, chete ari nharaunda 130? Km.

Station Dam ane mbiri spillway. Wokutanga (pasi-mhando) kunoratidzwa inokwana 7060 mamita ³ / s. The spillway wechipiri (pamusoro) ane kureba mamita 90 uye anogona kudzima rukova unopfuura therethrough.

Powerhouse wayo chaiwo akaitwa zvivako zvakadaro. It riri seri ravarwi chikamu mai. Nechomumugwagwa kureba kweimba rakakamurwa 9 zvikamu, chimwe nechimwe wakaisirwa imwe kutwasuka hydraulic chikwata inokwana 333 MW. Rotatable mvura actuated turbine emagetsi 370 MVA. Vane Magetsi ari kusvitsa kuti danho-pasi transformers 500 KV uye 220 KV. The issuance simba yemapurisa nomukombiyuta namahwindo mhando switchgear, yakabatana kuhofisi uye kugadzirwa chivakwa pamusoro kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Angara.

negoho

The zvikabatanidzwa Kukwanisa zviumbu zvakadai chikuru hurongwa sezvo Boguchany HPP, pari kuruoko 3,000 MW. Goho Angarskaya idzva chiteshi 20% of zvachose magetsi ukapisa Krasnoyarsk nharaunda. Chete wokutanga chikamu 2016 HPP achiisa uwandu bhiriyoni 3,126 kWh.

Kukwirira mukuru mai kongiri yemapurisa 96 m, hombe -. 77 M Width okupedzisira vakauya pachiyero 20 m, uye kuvakwa raro vakatora hurongwa mamiriyoni 30.5 cubic metres ivhu ³

Varongi HPP kuvakwa

Pakutanga, chisarudzo pamusoro kuvakwa chechitima chinokosha ichi kuti upfumi nyika chakabatwa, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, USSR Ministry of Energy. inonzi "Boguchangesstroy" akanga paakavapa Nepo chinhu. It akaumba kuti "Boguchangesstroy" Muna 1993, pahwaro sangano iri. Muna 2002, boka yakachinja zita rayo. Panguva ino, chinhu rinonyoreswa se JSC "Boguchany HPP".

Muchirimo ra2006 pakati "RusHydro" uye makambani "Rusal" dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro Implementation ari "nebema" chirongwa, kuwedzera pakupera HPP inosanganisira kuvakwa ane aruminiyamu chirimwa Baguchanskogo. Mari vose zvinhu dzakwidzwa kuitwa kuburikidza pemvura makambani. zano kwakadaro kwave vakasarudzwa kutanga boka "Rusal".

Maererano Water Code pakati ari Boguchany HPP ndiye batana pfuma. Naizvozvo, pasiri makambani mari chete pakuvaka chinhu ichi. mari yose nekuda kwegadziriro zvikazara nzvimbo ashandiswe neHurumende.

Chokwadi, haasi munhu wose ari kuvaka chivako ichi chinokosha rinomhanya zvakanaka. Against pakuvaka ravarwi pamusoro Angara River, kunyanya iye waitsigira "neGreenpeace". kambani kwezvakatipoteredza kuzivikanwa Izvi hazvina kufanana chokwadi kuti pavakwe chinhu guru zvakadaro iye Boguchany, akatakurwa kunze rokumanikidzirwa nhasi ari Russian EIA nzira. Zvisinei, kuvaka ravarwi nokuda Zvinotaurwa "neGreenpeace" harina akarembedzwa. Varongi ari kuvakwa HPP akatsanangura kusada kupfuura EIA nzira zvinoshanda mutemo. Chokwadi chokuti Hydroelectric racho pakupedzisira anotenderwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. The dzemunharaunda mitemo ano varwere ane EIA, hatina retroactive kushanda.

Vamwe nehanya kuvaka chivako ichi uye akaratidza Public Chamber of Russia. The sangano, zvikurukuru, mibvunzo vakarerwa pamusoro richengetedzwe nhoroondo netsika nhaka munzvimbo mafashamo uye vaiona nyaya vasiri kubhadhara muripo varimi uye kukundikana redzimba riri misha.

Chokwadi, hwakagadzirwa mainjiniya Soviet ravarwi chirongwa tsika zvisingachashandi zvikuru mumakore 25. Naizvozvo, mukuru murongi pakuvaka Boguchany hydropower chirimwa (kana kuti, ayo kuenderera) - Rao "UES kweRussia" - muna 2006, akarayira Institute "Hydroproject" mufambiro basa rayo updating.

Pakutanga kunyange vakafunga kurera muti vanokwanisa mifananidzo kusvika 4000 MW. Zvisinei, nokuda akasungirirwa nguva yedu nokuda dzaifanoiswa yemafashamo kuyerera zvinodiwa vanachiremba of Institute aifanira kugadzira wokuwedzera spillway nhamba 2, iyo akanga asina kutanga ubate. Somugumisiro, muti wacho vachikwanisa aifanira kuderedzwa zvakare 3000 MW.

upfumi kukosha

Pari, idzva Hydroelectric simba chirimwa musi Angara rinopa magetsi zvachose vachangotanga konekwa Boguchansky aruminiyamu chirimwa, hunokonzera vanopfuura 600 zviuru. Matani non-ferrous simbi pagore. Mukuwedzera, pachiteshi transmits simba kuna Taishet chirimwa uye vazhinji nevamwe maindasitiri emakambani ari Lower Angara nharaunda.

Boguchanskaya HPP mafashamo mapazi: Area

Ecology kwenzvimbo yaivakwa Hydroelectric simba chiteshi yachinja, zvinosuwisa zvikuru zvakakomba. Paizopera ravarwi yakanyura mumafashamo 1,494 mativi makiromita nyika, kusanganisira - 296 km² venyika arable nyika, mafuro uye hayfields. Kurasika zvitengeswa pamiti yose yakanga 9,56 mcm ^3. Mumwe ^m3 miriyoni 10 dondo vakabayiwa pasi 80 okupedzisira remakore, pakutanga pakuvaka chechitima.

Pari basa rokutarisira JSC «Boguchany HPP" kumanikidzwa kubvisa kusanganisira ose zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kuti vavapo pashure kuvakwa madhamu. Somuenzaniso, muna mafashamo mapazi pakati mamwe pemvura akatendeuka 96 km ² peatland. Chokwadi, ichi pakupedzisira nokusvibiswa erwizi. Peat sechiedza chaizvo zvinhu nedzimwe wetlands (zvavo zvachose nzvimbo - 13 km ²⁾ vakatanga kungoita kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura. Sezvo pfungwa ne dzezvakatipoteredza mberi ichi kunaka muitiro achava kanenge mumwe kwemakore 20. Pari, kuti kunatsa rwizi towage mabasa uye nenzvimbo peat zviwi inoitwa nguva nenguva.

Dam

Area Boguchansky Dam ndiyo 2326 km ^2. Chikamu chikuru riri muna Krasnoyarsk Territory (1961 km ^2). Length Boguchansky Dam - 375? Km. Saka kwayo Vhoriyamu zvizere - 58,2? Km ³ uye anobatsira - 2.3? Km ^3. Kuzadza dura paivakwa Hydroelectric simba chiteshi kwakaitika mumatanho maviri. Muna 2012, ayo pamwero wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika padanho 185 m, uye muna 2015-M -. 208 M kuti chirongwa Pari Boguchansky Dam rinoitwa zuva mutemo rwizi runoyerera uye pamwaka - lateral flowage. Nokufamba ari pamwero wegungwa nomunhu rose gore haapfuuri 1 m.

Human misha iri mafashamu mapazi

Kuvakwa Boguchany hydropower chirimwa chaiva chikonzero chokuti mvura akatora 29 misha nemisha. 25 vavo dziri muna Krasnoyarsk yemunharaunda 4 - muna Irkutsk mudunhu. Kudeuka kugarwa dzinozara yoruwa centre Kezhma.

Dzinokwana mafashamo mapazi vakakurudzirwa 12173 munhu. Vazhinji vanhu vakanga akatorwa munharaunda yemberi dura rokupedzisira remakore. Mumakore 80 kubva munzvimbo dzinenge 8.000 vanhu vainge vava kugarazve. Panguva iyoyo vanhu vakapiwa musha mutsva mumaguta pedyo uye mumisha. In 2008-2011. mumwe 4905 vanhu vakanga yakatamiswawo kubva nemafashamo nzvimbo. Panguva ino, pekugara akanga akapa chete mumaguta. Muna 2012, itsva dzokugara akatamira vanhu 194, uye gare gare - kunyange kupfuura 1,500.

guta Kodinsk

Kurasikirwa yakawanda panyika arable uye kudiwa kusiya nzvimbo inogarwa kuti zviuru zvevanhu - ndiko kuti wakarurama migumisiro yakadaro uye zvakaguma mafashamo. Boguchany HPP Zvisinei, kuti zvevakomana, kungopiwa guru yakawanda nesimba, zvakakodzera kuti National upfumi hwenyika. Chero zvazvingava, zviri vaidavira kuti kuvakwa chivako ichi chinokosha, pasinei kumanikidzirwa kurasikirwa, akanga zvemari kwakarurama.

Zvose zviri yepakarepo kunharaunda yemapurisa, uyewo akavaka guta idzva guru. Anonzi amuka pakati taiga guta simba Kodinsk. kuvaka Its akatanga muna 1977. To musi, namafuro aro okumabvazuva dziri 8 makiromita kubva nemafashamo floodplain Angara.

Muna 2016 iri Kodinsk, maererano nenhamba, paitova vanenge 16 227 vanhu. Kuwedzera vagari Hydroelectric vane mukana kushanda yomunharaunda huni kubudiswa emakambani, mu "Alliance U" LLC, vagari asingashumbi "Biwa" uye davi LLC "Siberian DOZ +". Taundi rine cinémas, zvikoro, kindergartens, zvitoro zvakawanda siyana specializations.

Archaeological uye nhoroondo zvinhu

Asati nokuumbwa Boguchansky Dam mafashamo mundima zvave inoitwa kusanganisira pamwero mukuru Zvakafukunurwa. Masayendisiti akadzidza 40 zviuru. Km ² nyika, uye vakarondedzera anopfuura 130 matongo nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, uye ethnographic anoona yaiitwa. Somugumisiro mafashamo mapazi vakatambura zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokosha emapuranga mapurani.

Where Boguchany Hydroelectric simba chiteshi iri?

Kutanga ichi hydropower chirimwa muna Angarsk Pazvinoitika uye wechina ezasi Danho kwayo. Kunze Ust-Elias ravarwi nechokumusoro kwerwizi ari Boguchany ndeyakewo Bratsk uye Irkutsk. Izvi hydropower chirimwa iri muna Kodinsk rwizi chechitima. Panguva iyi intersects Angar guru dombo massif kuti ordovika uye sedimentary matombo yeCambrian. Pachiyero dura rwizi upamhi ndiyo 2-3? Km. Matombo munzvimbo ino wakanyatsokodzera mubhedha pedyo chaizvo. Pamahombekombe kuruboshwe pane tenuka diki. Chaizvoizvo zviri pamawere chaizvo uye precipitous. For kwepfuti pachayo (nomurwizi) Angar akawedzera kusvika 10 km.

Impact pamusoro ikoroji yacho nharaunda

Kufanana mimwe hydropower miti, Boguchany vane guru kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza. Mararamiro kwenzvimbo pashure pakuvaka chechitima kwave kuchiita kuchinja. Kunyange taiga rwizi nzvimbo chakavapo pano emakore, kunyanya zvava kugungwa. Izviwo, zvakazoita kuti zvinokosha zvinoderedza uwandu rheophilous (vanosarudza zvakasimba mvura) zvipenyu hove. Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, sezvinei, yakura kusvika vanhu limnophilic (nyanza).

The kwemvura iri dura kunotemwa zvikurukuru achishandisa yokuchena mafashamo mapazi yaiva pamusoro Ust-Ilimskoy HPP. Izvi zvinhu nokuda yakaderera inflow Angara panzvimbo ino. The ivimbiso dzezvakatipoteredza, kuorera mazviri pazasi dura matanda uye abuda turf Chokwadi, pamusoro kwemvura simba. Zvisinei, chero kwezvakatipoteredza njodzi iyi, muti, Chokwadi, hazvisi zvakakodzera.

Muna 6-8? Km kumativi dura, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvachinja zvishoma uye okunze. A yakawanda mvura "absorbs" mamiriro ekunze. Summer pedyo chinhu chakanga zvishoma unotonhorera, uye kuwa - inodziya. Nokuda okuyerera mvura murwizi pazasi CT akazviratidza refu oma mukoto. The chikuru akaipa mugumisiro Fani iyi yave zvibereko ita bvungapfunga mazuva munharaunda panguva inodziya mwedzi.