Braille - Tactile kurekodha hurongwa inoshandiswa mumabhuku, zvinyorwa, mari uye zvimwe zvinhu kuti mapofu uye nemaziso vakadhakwa vanhu. Nokuda kuratidzwa yakagadzirwa kwakavakirwa Braille, mapofu vanhu vanogona kushandisa makombiyuta uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa nzira. Chengeta zvinyorwa zvinogoneka pachishandiswa anokosha mano, zvakadai inotakurika notibhuku kana Braille kiibhodhi.
Braille zita namarudzi Musiki - the wokuFrance Louis Braille, aiva bofu pauduku nokuda kukuvara. Muna 1824, ndava nemakore 15, akava Sarudza kuti French arufabheti sezvo kuvandudzika emauto usiku-kuverenga rwokugadzira. Bhuku ino, iyo gare gare akanga yaisanganisira mumhanzi notation, kwakaitika muna 1829. yechipiri edition, rakabudiswa muna 1837, akava wokutanga binary hurongwa chinyorwa.
Arufabheti mapofu ari zviratidzo, ane chimiro rectangular kutigumbura (masero) pamwe convex Dots. The nhamba uye nzvimbo pfungwa idzi kusiyanisa tsamba umwe neumwe. Sezvo reBraille zvakanyorwa transcription huripo mugadziriro, Kurongeka uye uwandu kutaurwa dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mutauro. Nemhaka software, kukwanisa bereka ruzha acho, Kukura mashandisirwo shoma yekudyidzana. The ABCs vamapofu kuramba basa guru kukura kuverenga vari mapofu vana, uye kuverenga kunogona kuwedzera pamwero basa pakati vanhu vakaremara.
Braille kwaibva rechiuto Cipher, vanonzi "kunyora usiku" yakataurwa Sharlem Barbe mukupindura kudiwa kuchinjana ruzivo usiku, pasina kufarirwa muvengi afunge achishandisa inzwi kana chiedza. The hurongwa Barbier akaisawo akamutsa Dots 12 anoenderana mumwe ruzha 36. Nzira iyi chakarambwa hondo, sezvo wakanyanyisa kuomera muchiuto. Muna 1821 Barbier akashanyira Royal Institute Emapofu kuParis, apo akasangana Louis Braille. Braille akaona zviviri zvinokosha zvipi Cipher ichi. Chekutanga, anosaina zvinoenderana chete ruzha, uye naizvozvo haangagoni kuratidza ezvokubatanidzwa nokupatsanurwa kwemashoko chiperengo. Chechipiri, zviratidzo 12 akamutsa Dots zvakanga huru kuona kwavari nokubata pasina kutamira munwe wenyu, izvo yekudyidzana seiyi muitiro yokuverenga. Braille ndiye nadzurudzo usingafadzi munhu yesero 6 pfungwa anoenderana nomumwe earufabheti.
Pakutanga, Braille zvaisanganisira chete earufabheti French, asi nokukurumidza paiva akaita abbreviations, acronyms uye kunyange logograms ndakakuitai kushandisa hurongwa yamunenge. Today Braille zvikuru rakazvimirira kunyora marongedzero bofu, pane bumbiro kunyora chiperengo mashoko. Kune zvitatu siyana orugwaro. First kushandiswa nevaya vari kutanga kuverenga Braille, uye rine mabhii uye nyora mavanga. Rakajairika ndiyo pamwero wechipiri, apo pane reductions kuti aponese nzvimbo papeji. Zvishoma kacho, unogona kuwana pamwero wechitatu, apo mashoko rose vari kuderedzwa kuti tsamba shoma kana zvakanyorwa chaizvo vatambi.