Bronchodilators: A pamazita zvinodhaka, migumisiro dzavo uye kushanda. kupatsanura pakati bronchodilators

Zvikuru kuti upenyu hwevanhu ndiye kufema hurongwa. A simba rokuzvidzivirira, uye zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kunetsa zvirwere zvokufema kuti anokanganisa zvakananga mararamiro. Nokuti kurapa zvirwere zvakadai vanachiremba-kushandiswa gadziriro bronchodilators. Next, funga kuti zvinodhaka izvi, avo kupatsanura uye kushandiswa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro kufema zvomukati.

Ndezvipi bronchodilators

Kubatanidza bronchodilators zvinodhaka uye mishonga kuderedza bronchospasm uye kurwisa zvinokonzera Árbol constriction.

In chii zvirwere zvingaitika inoti zvakadaro, funga zvakare.

Ndezvipi zvirwere vachishandisa bronchodilators

Kune vakawanda zvirwere umo zvingamuka zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Bronchospasm.
• Kuzvimba.
• Hypersecretion kuti madzihwa.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Pokumuka zviratidzo kwakadaro kunobvira nemashoko anotevera zvirwere:

• COPD.
• Árbol asima.
• Obstructive chenjera bronchitis.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Bronchiectasis.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

bronchodilators pakubhadhara akasiyana anogona kushandiswa kudzivirira bronchospasm.

marudzi bronchodilators

Pharmaceutical indasitiri unobereka mhando dzakawanda zvinodhaka muboka iri:

• Mahwendefa.
• Syrups.
• Zvinodhaka kuti jekiseni.
• Mushonga waanoita zvokufema.
• Nebulizers.

Uyewo unogona kukamurwa makirasi zvakawanda bronchodilators.

Kupatsanura uye mazita zvinodhaka

1. Agonists. boka Izvi zvinosanganisira mishonga anogona kumisa yokurwiswa Árbol mhingaidzo. By activation pakati adrenergic receptors relaxes tsandanyama ari principales. Kana isu funga bronchodilators izvi, zvinodhaka nyora riri sezvinotevera:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. Rinoshandiswawo chaivharidzira yokurwiswa Árbol mhingaidzo. Zvinodhaka muboka iri hazvina asunungurwa kupinda muropa uye havana systemic chiito. Vanogona kushandiswa inhalation chete. Unogona kuita zvinotevera mazita zvinodhaka:

• "Atropine sulfate."
• "Metacin".
• "Ipratropium bromide."
• "Flomax".

3. Phosphodiesterase FIs. Brohoobstruktsii yakasvikawo aizotambudzazve vakazorora iri Árbol tsandanyama kumeso nokuda karusiyamu deposition ari endoplasmic reticulum nokuda rutapudzo yawo yakawanda mukati muchitokisi. Kuvandudza peripheral kufefetedza, ari aperture ishande. boka iri zvinosanganisira:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Kushandisa zvinodhaka izvi zvingakonzera dzungu, tachycardia, unopinza kuderera BP.

4. Stabilizers mafuta muchitokisi membranes. Yaizongoshandiswa kudzivisa Árbol spasm. Kuvhara karusiyamu hova uye anogona kuvatadzisa kupinda calcium kupinda rechikepe masero, nokudaro chibharo dzavo degranulation uye histamine goho. Panguva kurwisa yakabuda, mishonga aya kare isashande. Kushandiswa nenzira yamakaudzwa kana mashoko inhaled bronchodilators. The pamazita zvinodhaka sezvinotevera:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. Corticosteroids. zvinodhaka izvi inoshandiswa pakurapa kunzwisisa siyana Árbol asima. Rinogonawo kushandiswa kudzivirirwa uye kuzorodzwa kuti bronchospasm kurwiswa. The Pamazita inofanira kusanganisira zvinotevera mishonga:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. karusiyamu mugero blockers. Kushandiswa cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Nokuda karusiyamu chiteshi ichivharira karusiyamu anosuwa muchitokisi, zvichiguma kutandara pamusoro Árbol sepombi. Kunoderedza kurwadza kwacho, dilates coronary uye peripheral nemidziyo. For zvinodhaka muboka iri zvinosanganisira:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Zvinodhaka antileukotriene chiito. Ichivharira leukotriene receptors kunoita kuzvivaraidza principales. Shandisa kwakadai mushonga kudzivisa Árbol kurwiswa.

Ndivo chaizvo mukurapa zvirwere kuti zvinobva kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba vasiri steroidal, Anti-anogumbura zvinodhaka. muchikwata ichi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mishonga:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Achipedzisa, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti ayo zvakananga chiito bronchodilators achinyanya kuzvivaraidza principales, asi munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kupiwa izvi zvinhu bronchodilators, kufanana chirwere uye murwere zvikurukuru muviri, unogona kupiwa anobudirira kurapwa.

Spirography bronchodilator

Nokuti ongororo yakaitwa varwere kazhinji vane zvirwere kufema zvomukati, akagadza spirography. Most kazhinji kacho apo pane zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• A chikosoro kuti haagumiri kwenguva refu kare.
• Kupfupika mweya.
• The kufema inzwiwe wheezing, chinoridzirwa muridzo.
• Kana uchinetseka kufema.

Izvi kuongorora nzira unokubvumira kuona kuchinja zvemapapu vhoriyamu uye functionality. nzira Izvi yakachengeteka zvachose, asi anopa zvakawanda nechinangwa zvinobudirira kurapwa.

Kuita spirography kunogona kuva kushandiswa bronchodilators. List zvinodhaka zvingasanganisira zvinotevera medicaments:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography bronchodilator rinoitwa vasati uye pashure kutora mushonga, kuti uzive kuti mudziyo uri kushanda mumapapu. Uyewo, kana mishonga inoshandiswa, vakazorora Árbol sepombi, zviri akatsunga kana bronchospasm reversible kana kusingarapiki. The mushonga kwakaitwa nebulizer kana aerosol.

Nokubviswa asima kurwiswa

Kurega mufunge kuti mushonga inoshandiswa asima. Bronchodilators mu asima vari zvinodhaka kuti zvinodiwa kuti asthmatic kuti usanyanye kamwe kurwisa uyewo prophylaxis yavo inokosha. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira zvinotevera marudzi bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• Anticholinergic zvinodhaka.
• "Theophylline".

Medicines emapoka maviri okutanga zvakanakisisa akatorwa kushandisa inhaler kana nebulizer.

Kana ane asima kurwisa kwamuka yaida kupa rubatsiro kuti chinangwa ichi, pfupi-nokuita inhaled bronchodilators. Vakakurumidza kubviswa nokuda bronchospasm bronchus kuburitsa. Mumaminitsi, bronchodilators anogona kuderedza mamiriro murwere, uye mugumisiro mberi kwemaawa 2-4. Achibatsirwa ane inhaler kana nebulizer anogona kubvisa bronchospasm kurwisa kumba. nzira iyi chokuendesa zvinodhaka kune kufema hurongwa kunoderedza uwandu zvingakonzerwa nemishonga, kusiyana kutora mapiritsi kana majekiseni vanosungirwa kupinda ropa.

Kushandisa pfupi-kuita bronchodilators kurwisa, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti izvi chete amburenzi. Kana uchida kushandisa kupfuura kaviri pavhiki, unofanira kubvunza chiremba. Zvimwe zvinokosha kuti tisimbise kudzora weboka chirwere, ungafanira afungezve kurapwa nzira.

Kudzora pfari bronchodilators

Kuti vachengete pfari mukudzora, unofanira kushandisa-refu kuita bronchodilators. Vanogonawo kutorwa ne inhalation. Kuvhiringidzwa nekuchengetedzwa maawa 12. zvinodhaka izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• "Formoterol". Zvinotora kushanda mukati maminitsi 5-10. Rinogona kushandiswa chokubvisa nokurwiswa uye kuvabata. Rinogona kushandiswa vana, asi chete pasi pokudzora mukuru.
• "Salmetorol". Uyewo anobvisa kurwisa mukati maminitsi. Kuvhiringidzwa anoramba maawa 12. mushonga uyu zvinogona kushandiswa chete nevanhu vakuru.

Mabatirwo bronchitis

Chokwadi, kakawanda chete zvinodiwa bronchodilators bronchitis. Kunyanya kana hosha zvasvika munzvimbo chirwere Danho kana Árbol mhingaidzo ari kuchengetwa. Nokuti kurapa bronchitis, unogona kushandisa yakawanda bronchodilators. List zvinodhaka vangatarira seizvi:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

Very akanaka anoitwa kurapa bronchitis kunokwanisika nokushandisa bronchodilators kuti inhalation uchishandisa nebulizer kana inhaler. Muchiitiko chino, bronchodilator, akadai 'Salbutamol', anoenda zvakananga munzvimbo anogumbura pfungwa uye anotanga kuchinja dambudziko pasina kupinda muropa panguva iyoyowo. Izvi zvinooneka kunoderedza kuratidzwa nenjodzi kuti zvinodhaka. Zvinokoshawo kuti matanho aya anogona kuitwa uye vana pasina zvakaipa utano, asi kune mugumisiro mukuru kurapwa zvirwere.

Zvino mashoko mashomanana pamusoro kwakaomarara zviitiko bronchodilators.

nemishonga

Kana kushandisa bronchodilators pfupi kana refu-nokuita haagoni kufuratira nemishonga. Kana ukapiwa pfupi-kuita bronchodilators - vari akadai 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- zvinokwanisika varwadziwe:

• Dzungu.
• Nomusoro.
• Twitching, chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine maoko nemakumbo.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• Inosimudzira BP.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

Ndakabatsirwa kusunungurwa Formulations, akadai "Salmeterol" "formoterol", dzinoratidzwa zvinotevera nemishonga:

• Tremor maoko netsoka.
• Dzungu.
• Nomusoro.
• Tsandanyama twitching.
• Palpitations.
• Aichinja kuravira.
• Svoto.
• hope nyonganyonga.
• Hypokalemia.
• Varwere asima zvingamuka zvakakomba gangaidzo bronchospasm.

At panowanikwa chero divi anokonzerwa Uudze chiremba wako kuti kuchinja dose kana kushandura mishonga.

Contraindications

Pane zvirwere umo unoshandiswa contraindicated bronchodilators kuita nguva pfupi. zvinoti:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Heart chirwere.
• BP.
• Diabetes.
• Cirrhosis.

Unofanirawo kungwarira chaizvo pamberi izvi ezvinhu apo kugamuchira bronchodilators mamwe mapoka.

Onawo kuti vakadzi vane pamuviri ndiyo yakanakisisa kusarudza pfupi-kuita bronchodilators. Duration zvinodhaka "Theophylline" rinogona kutorwa kuna 2 mashoko haasi anopfuura 1 kanomwe pazuva. wakurukura mavhiki 2-3 pamberi zvakakodzera kubvisa-refu kuita bronchodilators mabiko.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti havasi vose bronchodilators anogona kupiwa kuvana, ekukurerai uye vakadzi vane pamuviri.

mishonga izvi vasati kushandisa kuva nechokwadi kuti bvunza chiremba wako.

Zvokungwarira

Kana wanzi bronchodilators, kushandisa zvinodhaka, uye uwandu husingakuvadzi kunofanira takanyatsoomerera kudzivisa kukuvadza utano hwavo.

Treatment vana vane kushandisa nebulizer kana inhaler bronchodilator kuitisa zvakasimba pasi pokudzora mukuru.

Zvinofanira kunge kunyanya kungwarira mukurapa vanhu vane:

• Mwoyo mutinhimira vachivavhiringidza.
• CheBP.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Yemaziso.

Kungwarira kunofanira kushandiswa nevamwe bronchodilators sympathomimetics. Cherechedza kuti unogona kuva hypokalemia pamwe concomitant kutarisirwa pamwe theophylline, corticosteroids, diuretics.

Bronchodilators zvinofanira kutorwa chete mushonga. Yeuka kuti dzokuzvirapa kukuuraya.