Central Bank: mashandiro, basa, ukoshi

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha pakati rwezvemabhengi maitiro ayo utariri chero nyika ndiyo musimboti bhengi. Mashandiro anoita sangano iri zvakasiyana-siyana uye anonakidza zvikuru, nokuti mibvunzo kuti ari kuita, nhema dzakasiyana mabhora youpenyu mamiriro ezvoupfumi. Its chikuru basa iri kuitira kutsiga National mari mukati munyika uye kuramba ayo Gengi pamusoro pamusika wokumwe.

Kazhinji, tsika zvemari haritorwi huchiti zvakananga. Kazhinji wevakadzidza muridzi enzvimbo webhanga iri muviri mamiriro, asi kazhinji shareholders - private vanhu. The chikuru mabasa ari nechepakati Bank munyika anokosha zvikuru uye anenge mumwe chete kuti zvose inoti:

• Chekutanga, Central Bank ndiye issuer kuti mari, kushanda munyika, kureva, nehasha kutaura, ari kudhinda mari;
• Chechipiri, anoita se "eRwizi mabhanga", rinoshanda zvinodiwa ezvokutengeserana mari kumasangano monitors kutsiga yose yezvinhu, achitora kuramba zvaida reserves;
• Chechitatu, rinoshanda senhungamiro mari mutemo, uye naizvozvo zvinenge anoverengeka nezviito.

Saka, zvanzi Kazhinji kwave chero nechepakati bhengi. The mabasa kuti anoita maererano nomufambiro mari mutemo, tiri akafanira kuteerera uye pasina mubereko, ivo anoshandawo pamwe ukama dzayo zvokutengeserana mabhanga. Central Bank anotonga mitengo uye nyika mari, uye anozviita tichibatsirwa zviridzwa mari matatu:

1. mari zvitengeswa zvakanaka. Yakawandisa mari kunoderedza kudiwa pavo uye kunoderedza mutengo wavo. Somugumisiro currency pamisika vatorwa kwava isingadhuri, uye mitengo wakakurumidza. Blunt Chishandiso, iyo inokoshesa kunokanganisa pezvakaitwa mumusika upfumi.
2. Management zvitsigiro chimbadzo uye uwandu zvaida reserves. Kuderedza uye kuwedzera zviratidzo izvi zviviri, Central Bank uyewo Rinotarisira "mutengo" mari uye anoita rwezvemabhengi hurongwa, kuburikidza rawo romugove uye kudiwa mari uye chinokosha pamisika.
3. Foreign Exchange kupindira. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa chokushandisa, riri akanaka vasingakoshi kukanganisa mitengo, asi zvinobatsira kudzora Gengi National mari. Vanotenga kana kutengesa shure kana National mari iri pamusika rakavhurika, Central Bank anogona kuchinja kwayo uremu ari upfumi uye, naizvozvo, mutengo wayo. Uyezve, anogona mubasa kutengwa uye kutengeswa kuchengetedzeka nekanzuru mamiriro.

The Reserve Bank, iro rinoshanda maererano nyika zvingava rakatetepa kana kupfuura, Chokwadi, kunokosha nhengo iri mari uye zvikwereti gadziriro yacho mamiriro. Kuwedzera kwakajairika mabhanga, rinopa zvikwereti kune mamiriro, vachiita dzakawanda zvikwereti uye vachitengesa zvisungo nekanzuru Bazi rezveMari kana muviri zvakafanana. Mashandiro of Central Bank of Russia, uyewo, zvichida, dzimwe nyika havasi kugumira ipapo. Vakawanda Central Bank iri mubasa muunganidzwa uye chinyorwa mashoko Statistical chokuita macroeconomic zviratidzo, kugadzwa mukuru exchange rates zvimwe mamwe mabasa.

The zvoupfumi chero nyika zvakaoma kuwana muviri kuti rinobata zvinhu zvakakosha sezvo nechepakati bhengi. The mabasa kuti anoita, uye zvinetso kuti anosarudza zvakakosha zvikuru kuti vasipo, zvichida, hurumende havangagoni kurarama ari pamusika upfumi.