Chii chinonzi mubvunzo declensional? Of mhosva uye mibvunzo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro

Kwete shoko rimwe mutauro wokuRussia mune pfungwa hahugoni kuvapo vakazvimiririra. Kuti mashoko ave nechinangwa, panofanira kuva richibatanidza zvose nhengo dzayo. Hazvina ikoku inonzi nemarongerwo, ndiko inoumbwa nyaya hurongwa mutauro wokuRussia. Total zvematambudziko gumi, asi kuchikoro matanhatu, asi mune kutaura nyore vakashandisa zvose zvawo, kunyange vane nharo declensional hweHIV.

Basa Muzviitiko

Sezvo kubatana aumbwa mashoko ari mutongo? Chii mukukurukurirana vanowanzotanga? Sezvo nokuumbwa itsva siyana shoko? How kuisa mibvunzo pakati penhengo suggestions? Chii declensional mibvunzo adjectives, emazita uye dzimwe pakutaura? Izvi uye dzimwe nyaya zhinji nechokuita chikamu ichi mutauro wokuRussia anodzidziswa muzvikoro, kutanga mugiredhi rechitatu. In mutauro wokuRussia achinja, kana Vimba nyaya dzakadaro nhengo kutaura: pazita, chisazitasingwi, chipauro uye nhamba. Uye ichi runoratidzwa shanduko kumugumo. Uye kuti tizive zvakaitika chero mashoko, kuti akariisa mubvunzo declensional.

Kutaura zvazviri, kuti kudzidza kunzwisisa hazvina kuoma musoro ichi. Kuti aite izvi, vana vanopa dzinonakidza uye kunyange kusetsa nhetembo, shoko rimwe nerimwe nebhii guru nyaya nyora. Somuenzaniso: Anobereka Ivan vasikana Yakanatswa achizvuzvurudza manapukeni.

Case Tsika mutauro Russian

Zvichienderana mabasa unoitiswa pazita inogona kuchinjwa pamusoro nyaya. Izvi zvinonzi declination, uye kumuonga kubva pamashoko mumutsetse ane syntactic basa uye kutaura nemumwe. Zvikasadaro, kwakanga chete mazita mashoko. Pano declensional mibvunzo mutauro wokuRussia, izvo kutsanangura basa pazita iri mutongo:

Nominative, kana MI. p.- tenzi weimba - ndiani? chii?

Genitive, kana R N -. Masters kumba - munhu? chii?

Dative, kana D. N -. The tenzi, weimba - uyo? chii?

Accusative, kana B N -. Masters imba - ani? chii?

Ablative kana N, T -. A tenzi, musha - naani? chii?

Prepositional kana P. p.- pamusoro tenzi weimba - ani? chii?

affixes All, kunze nominative, vanonzi "zvisina kunanga" uye rinogona basa pamwe chokumupomera uye pasina izvozvo (ndiyo ebetsero mukukurukurirana rinoshandiswa kujekesa zvinoreva shoko). Kusara pano ndiyo chete prepositional nyaya kuti mumwe yose pamazita rinoshandiswa chete chete rokuti.

Kusuma vadzidzi negadziriro rinotanga neimwe nguva mumuitiro: kutanga, vana vanokurudzirwa kuziva nzira kusarudzwa declensional mubvunzo pashure kutaura zita mhosva, uye pakupedzisira basa mashoko mumutsetse, zvinoti, sei nhengo vaitaura, zviri chikuru kana yechipiri.

nominative

Huru runoratidza pano ndechokuti shoko risiri mune nominative nyaya iri nguva dzose kwokutanga chimiro. The zvakataurwa ndechokuti, kana rimwechete kana muuzhinji mashoko ngativei sezvo zvivakamutauro framework, kureva nyaya.

Somuenzaniso: "(? Declensional mubvunzo - uyo) The mukomana (chii anoita?) To chikoro." Pano, shoko rokuti "mukomana anoenda" chinhu zvivakamutauro hwaro, uye shoko "mukomana" umire nominative nyaya.

Asi kuti panyaya dzakadai, apo nyaya haisi munyika nominative nyaya, hazvitomboiti.

genitive

Most nokuomerwa pano kuti tafura nyaya anozivisa mubvunzo mashoko akafanana, zvikurukuru panyaya genitive uye accusative. Uye pano achitsigira Zvireva mwene. Saka, mashoko rokuti "pasina", "vane", "kuti", "kubva", "kubva", "kuti" anoshandiswa chete nemashoko P. p. Kazhinji, ivo vanobatanidzwa mune mubvunzo pacharo.

Somuenzaniso:

• "Anoenda pasina slippers (pasina chii?)."
• "Soup hove (kubva chii?)."
• "Musikana wacho naambuya vake (kubva ani?)."

dative

Pano tsanangudzo fomu mashoko kurerukira, asi ipapo panewo declensional uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nyaya. Zvinorevei?

Somuenzaniso: "Vana vari vachisvetuka pamusoro mukoridho (nokuti chii - mubvunzo declensional; apo - mupfungwai?)."

Zvakakosha kusiyanisa izvi mhando mibvunzo, nekuti, vachishandisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chimiro, havazokwanisi kuona nyaya zvakarurama.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rokuti "kuti" rinoshandiswa chete D. n., Apo "riri" kunogona kuitika uye B. n., Uye D. n., Uye P. p.

accusative

Muchiitiko ichi siyana zvinogona kuva vamwe kunzwisisa nokuti Pakusarudza mibvunzo yacho. Nokuti dzakafanana nominative uye dative.

Somuenzaniso, unogona kutora inonakidza kuroorwa, iyo inoti sezvinotevera:

"Mouse akaona mbeva." - Tiri pano kutaura negonzo, izvo akaona negonzo, asi mamwe mashoko zvichava pasi? Kureva izvi zvakataurwa, zvino isu kuwana: "The negonzo akaona negonzo, huku uye Dhadha." Zvinova pakarepo pachena izvo mashoko ndiyo chikamu nheyo girama. Ndokusaka mutauro wokuRussia kakawanda nezvenyaya anomira pamberi Predicate. Saka, zviri pachena kuti imwe mazwi anodiwa kuti I. n., Asi sei kuona chimiro wechipiri? It R. n., Kana B. n.? Uye tinofanira titendeukirezve kuna nharo. Hapafanire kudhonza mashoko kubva chechinyorwa, zvakakodzera kuisa mubvunzo zvakananga kubva Predicate: - "Mouse akaona (munhu kuti?) The mbeva."

Nemashoko ari accusative aishandisa zvikonzero zvakadaro "pamusoro", "kuburikidza", "kuburikidza", "riri".

ablative

Kazhinji, mashoko akashandiswa paku nyaya, chokuita pamwe Predicate, uye anoshandiswa ne Zvireva mwene "riri" uye "kubvisa". Saka, muna mutongo yokusunungurwa zvivakamutauro chawo pakutanga, uye zvino kuona nyaya anoumba yedzimwe nhengo. Zvisinei, zvangoitikawo kuti pfungwa zvive kukwana zvivakamutauro hwaro. Uye pano zvakakosha kunzwisisa akapoteredza zvichibvira Predicate. Somuenzaniso: "Squirrel shamwari vane chitsama, katsi ane mbeva, uye tsuro uswa."

Achishandisa panyaya "mapuroteni ushamwari", "katsi" uye "tsuro" - kubva akapoteredza zviri pachena kuti munzvimbo dzose dzaita rimwe Predicate anogona kushandiswa - ". Shamwari" Tinoisa kwaari mubvunzo "uyo?". On mibvunzo declensional inopindurwa neshoko "ane negonzo" uye okuti "uswa".

prepositional

nominative Izvi pachake peculiarities ayo: mashoko asina kushandiswa pasina Zvireva mwene. Kunewo Pop kumusoro kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nyaya kudzidza kupepeta kuburikidza. Somuenzaniso:

• "Mukomana akavhomora (apo? Chii?) In album muti."
• "Cucumbers zvikure (apo? To chii?) On pamubhedha."
• "Mhumhi inowanikwa (apo? Chii?) In musango."

The mubvunzo anogara kuisa pamwe kushandisa mutongo chokumupomera.

dzimwe affixes

Kuwedzera matanhatu matambudziko makuru, izvo zvaisanganisira pachikoro kwakarongwa, pane anonzi zvimwe zviitiko.

• Vocative, kana vocative. Kazhinji, chimiro ichi rinoshandiswa kana kureva munhu. Somuenzaniso: Anja - Im.p. uye Anh - vocative. Izvi nyaya haisi richangobva kuumbwa, uye nezvimiro zvayo zvakachengetedzwa kubvira kare kusvikira nhasi, ari mazwi, "Ishe, Ishe '," Vanonyanya kudya "," Baba ", uye zvichingodaro.
• Quantitatively-anopatsanura Rinoengerera kana genitive wechipiri. Kazhinji, kuchikoro marudzi ose hunofa zvakabatanidzwa genitive.
• Local, kana LOCATIVE. chimiro iyi kazhinji kuchatsiviwa prepositional nyaya, asi mune zvimwe zviitiko vanogona kuparadzaniswa. Somuenzaniso: "wadhiropu" - chii? uye "zviri muwadhiropu" - kupi?
• Source kana ablative. Panyaya iyi, kuti pazita zvinoreva nzvimbo kana kuti mukutanga sangano uye yomunzvimbo mupfungwa asunungurwa. Somuenzaniso, "Ini vakabuda musango."

Kudzidza uku zvinhu anopiwa kutarisirwa chaizvo muchikoro hweutungamiri. Izvi zvinonzwisisika achiziva nezvehukorokodzwa ukama mashoko mumutsetse, unogona kuva nechokwadi kutaura kuverenga zvose zvakarurama harinzwi. Izvi tichadzivisa blunders mazhinji pakukurukurirana uye mutsamba riri zvikuru munguva yedu erudition kukuru uye michina.