Chii chinonzi "Ultra-soro siyana" uye chii chiri inopangidza of microwave?

Achiongorora zvaive zvakanyorwa pamapeji microwave - zviri "Ultra-soro maitikiro." Vazhinji vanofunga kuti izvi chinhu akaoma abstruse munda wefizikisi uye masvomhu, uye kuti haina chokuita navo. Zvisinei, mamiriro acho ezvinhu ane zvakasiyana. Microwave mano yagara kwazvo muupenyu hwedu, uye vanogona kuwanikwa pose pose. Asi chii?

Kuwanda microwave frequencies

Tsanangudzo microwave - Ultra-soro kakawanda remagetsi nemwaranzi, izvo yakarongwa kakawanda chakarondedzera pakati michini uye kure-munda UHF. Wavelengths venyika dzakasiyana ichi chinobva matatu masendimita imwe millimeter. Ndokusaka dzimwe nguva microwave inonzi sendimita uye decimeter wavelengths. Mune imwe nyika hwokugadzira mabhuku inopangidza microwave - microwave siyana. Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti wavelength iri dikisa ichienzaniswa mafungu redhiyo nhepfenyuro, izvo vari sezvakarayirwa anoverengeka zana mamita.

Properties microwave

Pamwe kureba kwayo, kwakadai mafungu - zvenguva pakati chiedza nemwaranzi uye redhiyo anonongedzera, uye saka ine zvivako zvose zvipenyu. Somuenzaniso, sezvo chiedza, mafungu izvi kuparadzira pamwe yakarurama uye substantially zvose bindepinde zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvinhu zvakaoma. Saizvozvowo chiedza nemwaranzi, microwave anogona kufunga, airatidza, vakapararira muchimiro nemwaranzi. Kunyange zvazvo decoding microwave inotaurawo "nakisa" -high chikuva, antennas zhinji uye radar mano akakura shanduro mashomanana nezvionioni, lenses nezvimwe Manyiminya zvinhu.

chizvarwa

Sezvo nemwaranzi pamusoro microwaves yakafanana redhiyo mafungu, uye kunotangira nzira dzakafanana. Achiongorora zvaive microwave kunosanganisira kushandisa redhiyo mafungu kwaari dzekare dzidziso, asi nokuda rakawedzera siyana zvinobvira kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda kushandiswa kwayo. Somuenzaniso, danda rimwe chete anogona "kutakura" kusvikira zviuru runhare kukurukura panguva imwe chete. Kufanana microwaves uye chiedza, runoratidzwa yakakwirira arambe achirema inotakurika mashoko akaratidza anobatsira radar michina.

Mafomu ose microwaves mu radar

Mafungu sendimita uye decimeter neeSultan kwave nyaya kufarira pamazuva Second World War. Nepo pane kudikanwa ive nzira inobudirira uye nzira itsva kuti vasabatwa. Takabva havawanzoiti microwave kwavo kushandiswa mune radar. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti zvakasimba, pfupi pulses vari raparurwa muchadenga, uye ipapo vamwe nemwaranzi izvi wakanyorwa pashure adzoka zvisingazivikanwi zvinhu kure.

Kushandiswa microwaves mu foni

Sezvatakamboreva, achiongorora zvaive UHF - Ultra mukuru maitikiro. Mainjiniya uye wevanamakanika vakasarudza kushandisa izvi redhiyo mafungu yakafanira. Munyika yose vanobishairira kushandisa yezvokutengeserana kukurukurirana mutsetse kwakavakirwa nokupfuuridzirwa mukuru-wave zvisungo. anonongedzera akadaro kwete panyika munyonga uye achirurama mutsetse kuburikidza ataure kukurukurirana dzemapurisa riri pakakwirira zvikamu makumi mashanu makiromita.

Haufaniri yakawanda magetsi kuti hutachiwana, sezvo microwaves kubvumira kusanyatsotsanangurwa kwawakananga kugamuchirwa uye yedzimudzangara, uyewo pazviteshi kunowedzerwa yemagetsi amplifiers vasati relaying. Negadziriro antennas, shongwe, zvinotakura uye vagamuchiri sokuti zvinodhura, asi izvozvo kunobatsira mashoko vanokwanisa zvakadaro makwara.

Kushandiswa microwave frequencies mumunda Satellite kukurukurirana

Ezvinhu eredhiyo kuti ataure microwave anonongedzera pamusoro madaro marefu anogona chete kuvapo panyika. For intercontinental Nhaurirano vachishandisa chakagadzirwa satellites, zviri geostationary muchadenga Nyika nekuita repeater mabasa. Mumwe kwomwedzi rinopa zviuru zvakawanda kukurukura migero yepamusoro kuti vatengi ayo nokuda kwemashoko terevhizheni uye runhare anonongedzera panguva imwe chete.

Heat kurapwa zvinogadzirwa

Yokutanga kuedza kushandisa microwave frequencies zvokudya kubudiswa vakagamuchira zvakanaka, uye kunyange nechido wongororo. Microwave hovhoni nhasi rinoshandiswa somusha, uye makuru chikafu indasitiri. Kunotangira mukuru-simba mwenje, yemagetsi simba iri kusimbiswa imwe vhoriyamu duku, izvo rinobvumira thermally kurapwa chigadzirwa chakachena, chiine akanyarara.

Akavaka-mu microwave muovheni iri rakakurumbira mhuri, uye anogona kuwanikwa dzekubikira zhinji. Uyewo kufanana munharaunda chinangwa mano zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzose nokukurumidza kudziyisa uye kugadzirira zvokudya. Microwave muchoto pamwe bvunzurudza, somuenzaniso, kunokosha zvikuru kuti chero chinhu pamusoro resitorendi.

Vanonyanya kupa nemwaranzi

Progress kushandisa microwaves Rinobatanidzwa nevamwe zvemagetsi zvakadai klystron magnetron uye kuti anogona vaunze guru mari yakakwirira Frequency simba. Shandisa ane magnetron inobva nheyo resonant mhango, iyo rusvingo ndiye inductance, uye nzvimbo pakati pamasvingo - capacitance resonant vematunhu. Kukura chinhu ichi vanosarudzwa pamusoro yakakodzera resonant microwave kakawanda, izvo zvaizoita dzinoenderana aida reshiyo pakati capacitance uye inductance.

Saka, decoding of microwave - zvikuru yakakwirira maitikiro. Kukura jenareta zvakananga zvarinoita simba nemwaranzi kwakadaro. Magnetrons duku dzakakwirira frequencies vari chiduku kuti simba ravo haagoni kusvika inogutsa chechetere. Dambudziko zvakare unokosha kushandisa inorema magnets a. The klystron iri zvishoma chakagadziriswa, sezvo iyi dzimwe zvemagetsi havadi kuva kwokunze munda.