Chii daka? Mukurwisana nokuda feuds - Zvigaro zvoumambo War kuMiddle Ages

The Middle Ages akapa nyika ine pfungwa itsva. Pakati pavo, panzvimbo yakafarikana inogarwa shoko "feudal", kune chokuita panowanikwa munhau dzakadai feudal hurongwa, uye feudal vakuru. kunakidza chaizvo kuona sei pfungwa itsva dzakaumbwa nguva idzodzo, kuziva kuti daka uye sei zvakakosha ari Ages nyika.

Vakuru vakuru pakati kwamachinda

Pfungwa yokuti "daka" hunonyatsobatana ari kubuda ari Ages sangano madzishe uye vatongi vari pasi. Ukama pakati kwamachinda akaratidzwa ari akanyatsorongwa. Pamusoro paro kazhinji ndakanga mambo, kunyange munyika dzakawanda vamire rezasi feudal manera madzishe-nyika yakakura varidzi akanga kupfuura yakawanda nesimba, asi kwete pamutemo pasi mutongi munyika.

Ishe akadana guru muridzi womunda-wamambo, uyo anotaura kuti diki nhengo kwamachinda. Ivowo, inonzi vatongi vari pasi.

Tanga feudal ukama akaisa vechiFrank mutongi Karl Martell muna VIII remakore. Chii daka panguva? basa rayo rinoitwa benefices - award nyika kune vatongi vari pasi ake mukutsinhana chivimbiso kuoneka panguva hondo panguva kudanwa mambo wokutanga. Saka, mubati vakatendeukira kuna ishe ( "mukuru"), uye akapiwa mugove akava muranda wake.

History weshoko

In Ages France tsika mubayiro basa rokutendeka haisi mari (ivo panguva iyoyo kwaingova zvishoma), asi chinokosha - nyika. Kuti akagamuchira somubayiro mambo ishe? Feudal, kana nhaka wemunda uye vanhuwo zvavo ndaisa. Saka, aikwanisa kugamuchira kugara mari kubva kunyika.

Uyewo, kuti muranda aigona akatamisa chikamu akamubvumira zvarinoroora pamusoro kuduku vanokudzwa, dzakadai knight, uyo akava muranda wake. Panguva iyoyowo Señor haana kurasa kodzero kunyika kumasangano omurume wake. Somugumisiro, mumwe mugove anazvo vaviri kana kupfuura vanhu.

Saka, chii chimwe daka? Iyi nyika varidzi, iyo overlord akapa muranda wake pamusoro mamiriro vaita basa ravo rehondo. Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana akanga neshanduro dzavo zita: furakisi, uye va- fief. Shoko yakatanga kusvika mukupera echiLatin uye German feodum fehu (pfuma) uye Od (nhaka). Kokutanga, izwi akatanga kushandiswa X remakore.

Kuti kupinda ive yave nyika inotongwa, Señor akaita yakakomba setsika, yainzi "investiture".

The vachibhadharisa pakuchinja kodzero uridzi daka

Pano zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfuma iri Welcome muranda munyika aipfeka ndokunge. Aikwanisa nhaka, kushandisa uye kusandura ari daka chete pasi ishe pamberi mabasa avo.

Akanga vaifunga kuenda overlord iri rutsigiro rwemauto uye kuva muperekedzi wake paaifamba, chengeta chairema panhare ishe, kutipa pamusoro kudiwa Castle kana nzvimbo billeting, kubatsira ezvinhu akaoma, zano uye mari.

Kuri kuti chero chikonzero ari muranda vakakundikana kuzadzisa ayo nemhiko, anorasikirwa kodzero varidzi pasi kunyunyuta, uye iye akapfuura kunyika imwe kunhaka kana akaramba ari ishe.

Chimwe chinoratidza daka rakanga kuti aigona chete kuwana wamambo. Varimi vakapfuma kana vatengesi dzakapfuma havana kodzero dzakadaro.

Battle nokuti ndima

Huru upfumi kare, uye gare gare muMiddle Ages raiva nyika. Ani naani anazvo izvozvo, aiva nesimba, simba uye simba. The zvakawanda mundima vaiva munhu, zvikuru simba akanga. Kupfuura kuchiva uye zvinokosha nezvavakatapa vaiva feuds. Hondo Zvigaro zvoumambo kazhinji kwakaitika nokuda kwavo. The nokurwisana yakaitika Ages nekuti nyika vainzi "feudal hondo," kana "gakava."

kwemotokari izvi pakati kwamachinda vave kuzivikanwa kwenguva. chikonzero wavo anova sei banal nemakaro uye chido rokuvandudza vamwe vanhu venyika uye pamutemo zviitiko kuti kazhinji rakamuka Ages. Zvino zvakaitika kuti mambo imwe nyika vaiva mundima kune mumwe, sezvo zvakaitika William I Mukundi. Kuva Mambo England, haana kubvuma kuzviisa pasi munhu, asi apo kuramba Duke pamusoro Normandy, aiva yave nyika inotongwa Mambo France. Zviitiko zvakadai uye kwakaita kuti kurwisana kwemauto pakati yose nyika. Kunotadza uyewo pakati zvavo nemadzishe kakawanda. Zvakaitika kuti kune vakapopotedzana mutongi munyika, regai kutanga hondo kwemazuva 40 kuti anokumhan'arira kusimba anogona kuita kunyunyuta kuzviremera.

mhedziso

Saka, chii chinonzi daka? KuMiddle Ages muEurope, vanonzi Welcome ishe kune muranda wake akasvika pfuma pasi mashoko emauto uye dare ravo basa. Pashure kuonekwa ichi mhando munyika akabata Europe pakupedzisira vakaumba hierarchical gadziriro yacho feudal hurongwa.