Chii kuderedza uye default uye chii musiyano pakati pavo?

Economy inobata zvose mabhora upenyu, nekuti kuziva ayo mashoko uye pezvakaitwa zvakakodzera. Chikonzero ichi ndicho Kuwanikwa mari chikwama chako uye vanofanira kuzvishandisa somunhu muripo chiridzwa. Uyezve, pfungwa dzakadai kuderedza, mitengo uye default, vangangoramba kuwanika nhau. Ivo kureva pezvakaitwa akasianasiana inokanganisa upfumi kukura ehurumende. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvinokanganisa ukama hwakanaka. Uye chii chaizvo anotora mari pahombodo uye kunoderedza dzavo rokutenga simba, vanofanira kunzwisisa zvizere.

kuderedza

Kuongorora zvinotaurwa kuderedza uye default, unofanira pakarepo kuteerera chinokosha musiyano pakati kwemasayendisiti. Verenga nezvazvo pazasi. Kuderedza - inofanira kuderedza zvoupfumi mutengo currency Gengi kune imwe mari kana vasanyanye kuwanda zvendarama kuunza yenyika mari. Fani iyi kuzvironga slowdown zvoupfumi kukura, izvo haikwani chokuchengeta Gengi nenguva chechetere.

In nhete Mupfungwa, kuti kuderedza - ndiwo kuderera kukosha mari, zvinoreva subsidence unodiwa. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Gengi currency "A" kusvika mari yose "B" akanga 1 1. Zvadaro, mushure kudzikira pamusoro zvoupfumi munyika kuti anoshandisa mari "A" ayo mari kuva isingadhuri pamusoro currency kuti "B". Kutaura zvazviri, iye akawira uye zvose dzimwe mari. kurapwa Izvi zvinoita kuti kuzivisa pfungwa "kuderedza" mumutauro pachena.

kutyora chibvumirano

Default - ndiye kuramba hupfumi sangano kuita kare atora chikwereti kana zvimwe chikwereti mitoro. It chinovapo somugumisiro zvoupfumi kudzikira kana nokuda kuderedza, yakakwirira mitengo kana kukundikana kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyaya, kureva hurumende, upfumi bloc, kambani kana munhu anogona haateri chikwereti nokuda kwokushaya mari iripo kuti chinangwa ichi. Kuzivisa munhu default, nyaya anoziva kutadza kwayo kubhadhara, kunyange kuwana chikwereti unovimbisa kudzoka.

Sam default anogona kuitika kana kuwana zvikwereti yesangano wakanyengwa sezvo rubatso yakapiwa. Ipapo nyore nechisimba uye pfuma yacho akakweretesa uye anokwereta wacho zvikwereti zvakanyorwa kure. Zvisinei, kana pasina mari chemhosva pamusoro chikwereti, izvozvo vakazivisa yayo insolvency. Kutaura zvazviri, sangano upfumi iri zvachose. Shure kwaizvozvo tinofanira kufunga nezvezviri, mubvunzo chii chichaitika mune chiitiko default hwenyika. Verenga nezvazvo pazasi.

The kuderedza uye default ari upfumi

Saka, chii chiri kuderedza uye default? The kuderedza izwi ichaongororwa kubva kumaonero maviri: kubva nemaonero ari "ndarama mureza" pre-yaivapo uye ano vakasununguka (musika) Exchange kuzvidzora. Kana tikafunga kuti Currency Gengi iri nokudzorwa uwandu reserves goridhe, kuti kuderedza inofanira kuderedza kuwanda goridhe uye dzimwe mari iri mari nerubatsiro mari hachichinji. Muenzaniso uyu kuhupenyu ari Chinese yuan, kuti Gengi dzisina kusununguka murau, uye inotongwa People wacho Bank of China. Currency bhodhi ndezvechokwadiwo kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda.

The kosi currency dzimwe nyika yakasununguka kumusika "wekushandisa". Izvi zvinoreva kuti kudiwa dzimwe mari chikwata anosarudza mutengo wayo. Izvi anoumba Gengi, kureva, ukoshi nemari imwe nyika kune imwe mari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuderedza zvinoreva kuderedza mwero mumwe mari kune vamwe vose.

Default, kusafanana kuderedza kwacho ndiko kutanga zvimwe zvinoparadza. Ndicho kushaya mari, izvo zvinofanira rakadzoka zvikwereti. Subject, kureva boka, hurumende kana munhu akazvimirira ega, zvinokosha kuziva default. Izvi zvinoreva kuti atora imwe nguva kare, uwandu yesangano, asi panguva yakatarwa izwi hapana mukana chidzoke. Below azvaiitwa zvose kuti apindure mibvunzo pamusoro zvinotaurwa kuderedza uye default, zvinotsanangurwa zvizere.

The generality pamusoro pezvakaitwa default uye kuderedza

Kuti tinzwisise zvinodzidziswa kuderedza uye default, zvinofanira vakagumisa kuti siyana pezvakaitwa uye mazwi. Kuderedza - iri kuderera ukoshi currency, uye default - rakadzika zvoupfumi, zvachose kushaya chikwereti nokuripira kugona. In pezvakaitwa akadai kuderedza uye default, musiyano kuchikosha uyewo nokuti inogona kushandiswa nyaya dzakasiyana. The kuderedza pachinhu chete hurumende, iyo sangano rine zvayo mari maitiro pachavo uye mari. Default - pfungwa iyi yaingowanikwa mumwe, kambani kana hurumende.

Zvisinei, izvi urongwa, pane zvakafanana mananara, uyewo pfungwa kunyorerana. The vemunharaunda rokutanga - zvoupfumi dambudziko: kuderedza, default uye insolvency kuitika apo zvoupfumi. The munharaunda yechipiri - kwenguva refu zvakaipa nokuda mukurumbira: vaviri azvaiitwa kuderedza Kukwezva kuti mari kuti mari uye kuchengetera guru. Mamwe izvi pfungwa akasiyana.

Kusagadzikana Economy: makwara kuti kuderedza uye default

Chii chakasiyana kubva default kuderedza uye apo izvi pfungwa vari kubatana? Kana vose kusiyana pachena, pfungwa kunyorerana ingava yakasiyana. Ivo dzinofanira kudzokororwa pamusoro hwokufananidzira zvoupfumi dzinotsanagura munyika underdeveloped upfumi. Somuenzaniso, pane "A" mamiriro ane simba kana kusagadzikana kwezvoupfumi. Munyika ino, tsanangudzo mari dzaishandiswa, izvo, mushure abolition ari "nzira yemandorokwati" inopiwa vatorwa chinjanai reserves. Vhoriyamu mari yakaenzana huwandu kusunungurwa mamiriro nhumbi.

Nokuda kwemashifiti dzokuAustralia utariri kana nokuda zveupfumi kana kutengesa zvirango ekisipoti mari yacho ehurumende uye ayo akaitwa kuderedzwa. Zvadaro mabhizimisi anoshanda "yokuchengetera zvinhu" kana vasisiri zvibereko. Panguva iyoyowo kwakaderedza inflow vemamwe kuchinjanisa, izvo zvinoda zvekushandisa vemamwe mukutsinhana reserves nokuda kwokuripirwa mumagariro kana zvakanakira urovha wavanobhadhara. Somugumisiro, uwandu goridhe reserves kunodzikira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika ine reserves vashoma kuitira currency. Kwaari kuderera investor chivimbo, uye upfumi ari kushanda ineffectively. Kuderedza kunoitika: ari depreciation of mari dzaishandiswa mune ukama nedzimwe dzeEurope.

Way kubva dambudziko

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, asi State anofanira kusarudza pakuwana zvikwereti kuti mari iri upfumi. Kana zvikwereti Anopera rinopikira ramangwana rakaita, kureva, Somuenzaniso, kwete paakapiwa ari Kudzikamiswa hwenyika uye mari evanhu zvakanakira kuitira kuti vasanyanye chivimbo muhurumende, zvinoguma pachena: upfumi hauna restructured, uye chikwereti achiri ikoko, yava nguva kudzorera chikwereti mari. Kana mamiriro havagoni muripo wavo zvikwereti iri zvikwereti kana hurumende kwezvikwereti, izvozvo defaults. Zvino dambudziko riri kugadziriswa panguva dzakawanda pamwero nechinangwa kuwana chingapedza inotokonya upfumi, kusvikira anokwereta imwe dzosera.

kuderedza uye default kuonana pfungwa

Maererano nomuenzaniso pamusoro apa zvinogona mhedziso maviri: kuderedza kungava default injini. Second, default kunogona mutyairi ane itsva kuderedza. Ndizvo kuitika dambudziko hwenyika uye kushaya unhu kuti pamusara nezvikwereti vanotsamwisa itsva kuderedza. Izvi vanonzi pfungwa kuonana yematemu izvi. Panzira, havana chokuita mitengo, iro rinogona kuva mutyairi kuti zvoupfumi.

Kusava nomusoro pfungwa "default of Ruble"

Zvimwe zvisizvo ndiye default mari. Saka, chii chiri default of Ruble? Fani iyi, izvo zvinogona kwete chaizvoizvo kuitika, kunyange munguva dzidziso zvinokwanisika. Ngazvidyirwe inozivikanwa se rakadzika pokuwa Ruble mari, chisingazozikamwi yaitirwa senzira muripo kunze. Nokuti Ruble havazokwanisi kutenga kunyange usingashandi mari dzaishandiswa cheimwe nyika. Ndizvo zvinotaurwa Ruble default. Kana unoyeuka Solzhenitsyn anotora, zvichava seizvi nokuti Ruble yedu achakwanisa kupa chete "chiso".

The matambudziko kuderedza uye default pamusoro upfumi

Chii kuderedza uye default tichitarisa nezvainoita upfumi uye pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara zvoupfumi masangano? Kuderedza inofanira pamutemo (kana dehwe) kuti mvumo yokuti National mari ndewe zvishoma pane mamwe, uye mari kudzikamisa vadzore kana asipo, kana kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe vavo haisi kodzera. Zvinoguma kwakaderera currency, kuwedzera kukosha dzimwe mari, uye zvakakoshesa, kuderedza chivimbo nyika upfumi makambani.

Default racho muitiro iyo "anonyadzisa" upfumi mumaziso makambani. Ipapo currency ndiyo untenable nokuda nemari, sezvo kuderedza uye default vari pamwe vachiri ndichifumira mwero mitengo. Mari apo kukudyira zvishoma kupfuura kare. It vakanzwa kunyange mukati munyika, kunyanya kana zviri kugara "wokudhinda" nenhau Banknotes matsva. Panzira, kuti kuderedza haana zvainoita wechipfuwo upfumi kana hakubvi pakuti kupinzwa. Uye mitengo iri nezvakwakaipira chinobata.

Positive uye akaipa dzaishandiswa migumisiro kuderedza

Ari kuderedza ane zvose zvakanaka uye migumisiro yakaipa. Asiwo, hapana mubvunzo, tinofanira kunongedzera kudzikisa mutengo ekisipoti nhumbi. Hurumende, iyo devalued, anotengesa nhumbi imwe nyika pamwe dzakakwirira uye akatsiga zvikuru Exchange, pane kuwana zvigadzirwa yake. Ezvemutauro Ava rebei purofiti.

Uyezve, vatorwa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro isingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura vakatengwa vachibva munyika zvakanaka dzakabudirira upfumi. Ichi chinhu kuwedzera makwikwi mu pamisika dzavatorwa. Zvokuita apo mumwe kuderedza iyi? Zviri nyore: kushanda uye kutengesa. Search uye Siyanisai misika uye edza kuwana nzvimbo pamusoro pavo. Kusiya vashandi kuti basa kunze Kunoitawo kuti awedzere, kunyange iri nzira pokukuvadza mufananidzo wenyika uye vanotyisidzira "water drainage ungwaru" kunze.

The akaipa Migumisiro kuderedza zvarakanakira

The akaipa mugumisiro kuderedza kunokosha kuwedzera mari kupinza zvinhu. Chii kuita mamiriro pamwe kuderedza? Chinonyanya zvakanaka kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kupinzwa kuburikidza youhu kuzvitsinhanisa. nzira iyi ndiyo inonyanya nomazvo uye nepakati, nokuti kunoita kuti kurambidza water drainage yacho zvakafanira vatorwa Currency yesangano iri rwezvemabhengi ezvinhu munyika. Zvisinei, kana mamiriro ungabereka zvimwe zvigadzirwa, somuenzaniso, chikamu chikafu, zvichiri kumanikidzwa kutenga kwavari. Zvikasadaro, vanhu anotarisana kwezvokudya. Danho rechitatu kuti hurumende inofanira kuita kuti kudhinda mari yakawanda. danho iri rakatoshandurirwa vatadzire mumhuri kumusika uye zvinoita zvose kuderedza itsva uye mitengo.

The fungidziro nokuti kuderedza

Muna 2015, Ruble "rakabudiswa" mu "vakasununguka akayangarara" uye inodzorwa yakazvimiririra, zvichienderana kudiwa. Pashure paizvozvo, mwero wake MUCHINJIKWA zvishoma nezvishoma shoma, musi kuti vachiri kunechekuita uye enyika nechokwadi. Zvirongwa hurumende - kutanga kugamuchira kubhadhara simba chete rubles. Uye kuti zvinoreva chimwe chete chinhu - nzira iri kukura chinhu upfumi. Sezvineiwo, ichi hachisi default. Chii? Mumashoko nyore, ndiko zvoupfumi rinoshamisa kuti une zvakawanda zvinoti.

Chokutanga, kuderedza ari Ruble kunotungamirira nekukura zvose dzimwe mari. Russian ndeizvi zvino anenge 45% ine emadhora. mari iyi zvinozivikanwa, haisi kunotsigirwa nendarama, ndokugamuchirwa nedzimwe nyika sezvo kuchengeterwa mushure kuramba "yemandorokwati." rubles Russian uye dzimwe Exchange reserves vari dzimwe anoti. The kuderedza of dhora runoita kuti huripo yesangano iri mamiriro vatorwa Exchange reserves kutenga zvakawanda Ruble yesangano zvenyika uye muvadzose kuRussia.

Somugumisiro, kuita Masvomhu chemafuta gasi zvinoda vatengi kutanga kutenga rubles mari yavo, mugodzoka navo shure semuripo. The chikuru ndechokuti Currency Gengi achava mukuru nokuda chinokosha kudiwa nayo. Ndizvo fungidziro kwenguva refu, uye izvi ndizvo vanotyisidzira kuderedza zviri Ruble kwenguva refu. Asi pfupi zvinogona achiri kutungamirira imwe default.

Chii vanhu

All chii vanotyisidzira kuderedza pamusoro Ruble, haagoni kuva simba kukanganisa yakatsvuka zvinhu upfumi. Rinotyisa ndiyo chete mugumisiro wacho default, riri zvinogoneka ane simba uye zvakarurama nokukurumidza kuderedza. Vagari iyi zvakakosha kusarudza kwete kugamuchira kwezvikwereti. Currency mari kubvumirwa kuramba mureza mupenyu ndiyo nzira iri nhasi. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti dambudziko aigona hakumbofi anopfuura 5 years.

Pakadaro, chinonyanya hwakakwana chidobi kuponesa kwenyu zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha: Real Estate uye nemotokari. Kutenga pfuma kana nyika iri vaizotibata nzvimbo yokuvaka kuchaita yekudyidzana kuwedzera yenyu guru. Nokuti vamwe, zvakakosha kuti tirarame maererano nezvavanazvo, kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti mubayiro zvakakwana. Uye kana kuchava default, vanacho zvakare haana kukanganiswa kana zviri Zvechokwadi, hazvisi mumaoko yeUnited chikwereti kusungwa. Kusiyana default kuderedza kuti chimiro ezvinhu nokuti default wehurumende vasiye kukura kwavo. Mamwe, uye default uye kuderedza haana kukanganisa zvinodiwa chavagari, regai kushandisa mari uye kupinza zvinhu, kunyange asina kuwedzera mitengo unodiwa.