Chii spermatogenesis? Pakusarudza nguva

Negore navarandakadzi muviri nguva dzose chirongwa kuibvisa ose gametes. Uye kana zvose pavasikana panyaya iyi zviri pachena zvakakwana, varume vanoramba rakavanzika. Kunenge kuti munhu kure mushonga zvakakomba akashamisika chii spermatogenesis. Asi kuva pfungwa zvingava zvakanaka kuwedzera vakawanda ruzivo uye kunzwisisa kwavo physiology.

tsananguro

Tanga ichi chine chokuita nezvakasikwa karwendo kupinda zvipenyu uye histology nani mune dzidziso chawo. Saka, chii spermatogenesis? uku ndiko kuguma zvibereko urume. mumatanho ose ayo hwaidzorwa hormone tsinga.

Mumwe kutenderera rinovapo anenge mapfumbamwe. Izvi katatu kupfuura vakadzi, asi utachiona masero vachikura, zvakare, mirairo wandei zvikuru zvikuru. At mumwe awa mazuva 90 ari testis dzinokura kushingaira dzisingaoneki mamiriyoni zana. Chinonyanya akasununguka tembiricha kuti muitiro - 34-35 Celsius.

Spermatogenesis inogona kukamurwa zvikamu zvitatu kana nguva:

- kuwanda;
- meiosis;
- spermatogenesis.

nguva

Chii spermatogenesis? Izvi sequential muitiro mumatanho uye ine danho. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vane mhando ina kuchinja munyama:

- chokuwanziridza masero;
- kukura;
- ichiibvira;
- paumbwe dzisingaoneki.

Izvi zvose zvinoitika muna seminiferous tubules, iri mukati manhu. Chokunze rukoko masero achiumba tubular rusvingo, - spermogonii. Vanoramba yakakamurwa mitotically. Izvi rinotanga asati aberekwa uye mberi kusvikira makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Masero vagovane nokukurumidza kuitira kuti nguva yainzi nguva kubereka.

Pashure kutanga pakuyaruka spermatogonia mapoka mapoka maviri:

- avo kuti kuramba kugovera;
- vaya vakatamira nechepakati tubule iri kukura wongoramba.

Panguva idzva nzvimbo masero dzichiwedzera kukura, vane cytoplasm akapfuma muviri. Of spermatogonia tinoshandurirwa spermatocytes wokutanga kurongeka. Panguva iyi, spermatogenesis kubva neimwe spermatocytes vakaumba subsidiaries maviri, uye kwavari vakatowana spermatids.

Spermatids ipapo zvakaenzana richiparadzirwa pamusoro testis, tichigadzira kubva nechomukati. Uye pamusoro nguva zvishoma nezvishoma vachiyaruka kupinda dzisingaoneki, inowira vas deferens, uye ipapo - ari urethra.

kuwanda

On huru Kamudzira ari seminiferous tubules vanosarudzirwa spermatogonia, ane nhamba panguva zvepabonde kuibvisa anogona kusvika mabhiriyoni. Maererano yaro morphological zvinhu ivo kugovana:

- muchiedza masero mhando A;
- rima masero mhando A;
- Sero mhando B.

Dark spermatogonia vari wandisa, vari inert vachingotya pamberi nguva vachida unovapo (pashure kwazvo chirwere kana irradiation). masero Bright vanoramba kugovera mitotically se masero A uye B-mhando.

Somugumisiro spermatogenesis mu embryonic nguva, uye kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pamakore 14 varume vaunganidza yakawanda dziva masero kuti anogona kusiyana kupinda dzisingaoneki. Izvi zvinovapa refu kubereka kupfuura vakadzi (mazai 300 chete, uye havapindi).

Meiosis: spermatogenesis

Spermatogonia chokuita masero B-mhando yokutanga nguva shoma vakakamurwa mitosis uye kuva spermatocyte hurongwa wokutanga. Sero Izviwo, iri rakakamurwa, asi kwete noruvara, uye meiosis. Pakupera wokutanga Danho vari kuumbwa mwanasikana masero maviri - wechipiri murayiro spermatocytes, chimwe nechimwe unotora hafu nhamba okutodza. Danho rechipiri inoguma chimiro spermatids maviri kubva neimwe spermatocytes.

Dzinokwana masero matsva ina zvinobviswa chete. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane haploid vanochengeta okutodza, uye anogona mune ramangwana kuitawo pakusangana ari zai.

spermatogenesis

Kusiyana spermatogenesis oogenesis kubva kuti rokupedzisira anofanira kuva nemasero duku zhinji zvinogona ane mirayiridzo mashoko, kwete imwe chete, asi hombe uye azere muviri.

To Zvakazozivikanwa spermatocytes dzisingaoneki, iye aifanira dungwerungwe chinokosha morphological kuchinja. Mumwe spermatid iri pedyo Sertoli masero, apo "dzinokura". Sero rokutanga woita, ipapo wakavhomorwa uye zvinoratidzika kuti acrosomal granules. inclusions aya akabva akaungana pamusoro mumwe matanda muchitokisi, uye pane "acrosomal chivharo".

Mitochondria vari yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa pakati sero, ivo kuchaita urume mberi. The cytoplasm kuramba ruoko, uye muswe aumbwa. Kamwe sero awana yaizivikanwa chimiro, kuibvisa kwapera, uye zvinotora nzvimbo yayo pamusoro romukati penyika spermatic tambo.

Zvinoumba inotungamirwa masero

Chii spermatogenesis? - mumwe muitiro ane huru chinangwa ndiyo chidzoke ane ruzivo utano utachiona masero, vane kodzero uwandu magene mashoko. The yose Chiito dzisingaoneki pakuonekwa basal Sero zvinotora inenge mwedzi.

Zvinonzi synthesized nokuda dzakananga makemikari, izvo anobatsira kuwana zai, kusvika pariri, nokusunungura unodzivirira mumuhara uye dzinoumba zygote mukono utachiona mumasero. Ivo kusimbiswa chete acrosomal chivharo, izvo kare vakakurukura pamusoro.

Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti urume motility. The ovum anotama ovary kusvika fallopian chubhu uye dumbu mukati chete kuburikidza kudyidzana pamwe fimbriae, translational inofamba kuti cilia uye peristalsis sepombi. Dzisingaoneki anewo muswe, iyo anoita sezvo flagellum, uye anomhanyira mberi mamwe masero.

Unhu uye chinhanho kubva dzisingaoneki kunokanganisa negashiro mishonga, doro, nefodya, uye nezvimwe exogenous uye endogenous zvinhu.

Zvinhu kufurira muitiro

All utachiona masero uye spermatogenesis iri zvikuru kunzwisisa migumisiro rwakashata zvinhu. Kutyora izvi dzimwe mumatanho ayo kunogona kuderedzwa chokubereka kana kushaya mbereko.

Pasinei nokuti akasimba bonde kazhinji kuonekwa kusingazununguki mashoko utano, mukono muviri kwazvo inonyatsoziva donhwe mumuviri tembiricha uye kutapukirwa noutachiona. Enough zvakafanana chando pamwe zvishoma hyperthermia, kuparadza urongwa pamuviri kwemwedzi mitatu.

Saka, varume vanofanira kuchengeta zvinhu kurumbidza wenyu muviri kuchengetwa zvigadzirwa kuti achengetedze okubereka basa kwenguva refu:

- chero nyaya zvisasakare mbatya zvakasimba, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa ropa kuyerera uye munharaunda nokuwedzera tembiricha;
- kudzivisa kakawanda kuti saunas uye dzokugezera;
- nokungwarira kutora nemishonga, Anti-hormone zvinodhaka.

Vamwe vakadzi vane hanya kuti vanotadza pamuviri, kuedza kukanganisa hono muviri kuvandudza urume. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira Siyanisai zvokudya, regedza tsika dzakaipa, kudzivisa kakawanda dosing zvinodhaka, kunwa mishonga tii pachinzvimbo kofi, kurovedza muviri, uye nguva nenguva kuenda masaja.

Zvimwe nzira yokuwana

Oogenesis uye spermatogenesis anogona huchawedzerwa artificially. Kuti aite izvi, ubudise hormone dzishande vadyidzani mukurapa mhuri yekuongororwa. Kazhinji, nzira dzakadaro zvinoitwa kune vakaroorana vakasarudza nomwana IVF (ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai muchangosangana) kana ICSI (intracellular dzisingaoneki jekiseni).

Zvisinei, nzira dzakadaro vane ngozi vaviri vakaroorana, uye chakagadzirwa muviri tunodzivisa kugadzirwa yayo hormone sembura kushaya mbereko. The kwomuzvarirwo activation kuti spermatogenesis kunoitika nevanhu vari murudo. Uropi synthesizes mahormone siyana dzakawanda kuti kuvandudza kwete chete nouwandu urume, asi kusimbisa zvirwere, kuwedzera tsandanyama matauriro uye mhanyisa muviri.

urume

Kuti sei kubereka uye dzisingaoneki kugadzirwa, zvakakodzera kuitisa kuongorora zviri ejaculate. Kudzidza uku uchida kuona uwandu basa dzisingaoneki quality, kuona Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga panguva yokutanga Danho (kana).

In zvisingatomboiti ejaculate chinhu chena kana grayish mvura ane kwazvakarerekera acidity. Mune imwe milliliter anofanira risina asingasviki mamiriyoni 20 dzisingaoneki, uye pamusoro 25 muzana vavo kuva Mobile. Uyezve, nhamba masero akakodzera pakusangana kunofanira kupfuura hafu nhamba. Maererano World Health Organization zvinodiwa, vanenge makumi mashanu muzana dzisingaoneki vanofanira kuva vapenyu uye havana hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka mune Morphology. The urume anobvumirwa kuvapo risiri duku reraundi masero uye leukocytes. masero matsvuku eropa, macrophages, uye amyloid corpuscles havasi kugamuchirwa.

Kusiyanisa zviratidzi urume dzakadaro:

- normogramma;
- oligospermia - shoma urume;
- polyspermy - vazhinji ejaculate;
- viskozipatiya - kunyanya viscosity;
- oligozoospermia - dzisingaoneki kuchamudukupisa kuverenga;
- azoospermia - hapana urume ari Urume;
- asthenozoospermia - kutadza kufamba morphologically unmodified spermatozoa.

Kune dzimwe nzira, asi ichi ndicho kacho.