Chii zvepfungwa kuti kukanganwa? Pfungwa, zvinokonzera, dziviriro

Chii zvepfungwa kuti kukanganwa? Zviri mumwe inokosha dzinotsanagura ndangariro. Ivo zvinosanganisira kuyeuka uye yeuka, chengetedzo uye kuzivikanwa. Ivo zvakabatana chaizvo, izvo zvinoreva kuti hapana wavo haigoni kubatwa aparadzane mumwe.

Asi dingindira nyaya ino iri chete kukanganwa. ayo zvikonzero ichakurukurwa, uye kunyanya unyatsoshanda kwacho, zvinhu kuchinja payo, mhando kunenge kurwisa chiitiko ichi.

Chii yokukanganwa?

In zvepfungwa, izvozvo akabvuma kupa zvinotevera tsanangudzo kukanganwa. nokurasikirwa uku playback nezvaanogona vachibvuma kare kuchengetwa. Imwe tsanangudzo iyi akaita pachena kuti akanganwa kunobva kubva pezvakaitwa zvitatu pamusoro apa. It chinonyanya hunonyatsobatana ndangariro. iri nyore rino chakatsanangura: mumwe hazvibviri pasina mumwe. Kusvikira ruzivo inochengeterwa, rirege kukanganwika. Iyi pfungwa inokosha zvikuru nokuda kuziva rikurumidze.

kupatsanura

Pane vaviri zvakaenzana zvinokosha kupatsanura pakati akanganwa, nerimwe riine zvavo chikonzero.

Maererano wokutanga haasaruri kusunungurwa Fani (zvinoreva kuti kukanganwa kwakadaro zvepfungwa akadudzira kukwana kana yakakanganiswa kubereka ari kare inochengetwa) uye kwakakwana (mhedziso kurasikirwa ruzivo). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanokanganwa kuti uropi (kuziva) filters sezvo sechisingakoshi, vasingakoshi.

The kupatsanura yechipiri pakutsvaga nguva (akatsanangura kubudikidza chinovhiringidza pakati Neural kwokubatana) uye refu (dzavo kutsakatika) nekuratidza kwacho.

Nei kuitika?

In mukuru Kana kukanganwa zvinokonzera vari rakakamurwa mapoka maviri. Wokutanga inokurukura ichi sezvo dzinongoitika kwacho. Izvi Somuenzaniso, taita mumabhatiri mashoko manheru kana kukanganwa pfungwa kuti vanhu vaifunga pamusoro chete ndisati ndarara. Uyewo, tino kanganwa ndangariro dzakaipa: hope zvakakwana erases kubva mundangariro. Saka shoko, "Kurara pairi".

Boka rechipiri zvishoma chinzvimbo. Zvikurukuru, zviri zvose nyaya vasiri chaivo akanganwa Somuenzaniso, kuferefeta nezvokukanganisa nezvinetso zvepfungwa. Asi chikonzero ichi inobva papfungwa yokuti munhu kazhinji anoti "Ini vakakanganwa" pamusoro pamatambudziko uye zviitiko kwete kufara.

Muitiro kukanganwa

Pfungwa akanganwa ndiyo gogonera. "Handisi kurangarira" - Mashoko aya ari kuti mashoko haagoni kuburitswa. Asi vanachiremba vanowanzotevedzera kufunga kwete muitiro vakakwana, uye mapiro zvaitika.

Vanzveri akanganwa kuti, pakutanga, nokukurumidza uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Muenzaniso nokuyeuka chinhu; muna 5 mumazuva Data pakudzidza Yokutanga ichaitwa kudzimwa pakupedzisira kupfuura panoperera iyi. Chokwadi, zvinokosha kufunga nezvokuti pokudenga zvose zvakasiyana, uye nekuti yakadaro yakaoma framework rinorondedzera kwete zvose.

Zvinoumba akanganwa

An dzinonakidza kuchiitwa akanganwa inowedzerwa kunonoka kubereka; ndiyo yakarurama zvikuru nomusoro kunoratidza pacharo pashure pezvizuva. Ichi chinoshamisa mu zvepfungwa inonzi reminiscence.

Kukanganwa somunhu dambudziko kwomunhu okuyeuka

zvigadziriswe okuyeuka runowanzotaurwa nezvarwo ndangariro. Asi mamwe masayendisiti anoti kuitira nokuda kwayo kuti kuongororwa zvakazara zvakakodzera kuisa pfungwa kukanganwa pane nokuyeuka.

zvigadziriswe pakati akanganwa

mhinduro dzakawanda dziripo pamusoro mubvunzo pamusoro zvigadziriswe pakati kukanganwa.

Wokutanga haasi kunyange chaizvoizvo kukanganwa munhu anoti, "Ini vakakanganwa" haisi nokuti mashoko zvinodzimwa mupfungwa dzake, asi nokuti harina wakaiswa ikoko. Panguva apo mashoko ari kufambiswa, havana kunzwa, kufungwa, uye somugumisiro, uye zvakachengetwa. Muenzaniso: Mudzidzi mukirasi, izvo zvikuru zvakajeka haazoyeukizve kuti akakumbira kokupedzisira vakati, kutsauswa poruponeso somuenzaniso, pamusoro shamwari neshamwari.

Mhinduro wechipiri kuisa kumikidzo unopfuura zviitiko. Ndiwo mashoko awanika, asi pakupedzisira haana chakasvitswa ari pfupi kana iri ndangariro-refu. Ungangove, uropi vakawanawo kwete guru, uye naizvozvo, uye pane zvakawanda.

The kupatsanura zvezvinokonzera kukanganwa

Kwokutanga munyaya ino vane mapoka makuru maviri zvinokonzera kukanganwa vaionekwa. Asi nyanzvi wo oga uye zvikuru vaya kutaurwa.

misha

Udzvanyiriri - kubva akanganwa mhando kuti kunoitika chete pamusoro subconscious chechetere. It anova chishandiswa kwadzakabva, kana vanhu mukusaziva adzikatidza chinonyangadza kuyeuka kuti anogona kukuvadza naye. Maererano Freud, zvakadzika ari subconscious, mashoko aya anoramba, uye zvinokwanisika kuti "kudhonza" kubva tichibatsirwa hypnosis kana zvinoratidza muzviroto.

Kukanganwa, yokunyanyisa chimiro pasi kukurukurwa Inonzi chepfungwa. It kunoratidzwa rakazara kana kukwana kurasikirwa pachake nendangariro. In kukanganwa ine zvinonakidza: zvinozivikanwa kuti kunyange murume haazoyeukizve ndiani, tsika uye unyanzvi yaasara. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kukanganwa hakurevi vakatambudzwa relearn kuverenga, kunyora, mapfekero, kudya uye chekurwa yavo.

chimiro kukanganwa

Hysterical kukanganwa ndiyo yakakurumbira chimiro chepfungwa. Hazvina kukonzerwa vasiri kana makemikari zvinokonzera. Kazhinji, kukanganwa iri chikamu post-zvinorwadza syndrome. Uyezve, zviri pfupi, izvo zvinoreva kuti ndangariro dzevanhu nokukurumidza zvakakwana rakadzorerwa. Mukuwedzera, kurapa kukanganwa kwakadaro vanachiremba, hama neshamwari rechipfuwo amubatsire vakagadzwa inokosha mishonga yakapoteredza hurukuro pamusoro kare, vanhu vakashandisa kuti chokwadi ndiani zvishoma nezvishoma ari achizviyeuka.

Vasiri anoita kukanganwa - ndiko doro uye siyana psychotropic uye marwadzo zvinhu, zvirwere uye kukuvara, kunyanya uropi. akanganwa kwakadaro kunogona kunge pfupi kana refu. Inonzi makemikari kukanganwa.

Ndisipo kufunga uye kukanganwa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva - zviratidzo kukanganwa mune vakwegura. Uyu hwakadzama kubereka chekare, asi zviri zvikuru dzakareba wezwi iri chipo. chimiro ichi kukanganwa, izvo kazhinji zvinoitika kuramba, yainzi yose dementsialnoy. Vanachiremba Nenyaya Iyi pamwe mutemo Ribot, kana mutemo neizvi ndangariro nokukurumidza. Uyewo zita wechokwadi - murairo regression. Zvinonzi anonzi kuremekedza wepfungwa uyo akagadzira nawo rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. mutemo Ribot ndiro kwese vakwegura kana varwere zvimwe zvirwere. Kukanganwa (kuparadzwa nendangariro) kunotanga ichangopfuura zvinhu, yakawanda mikuru kare. The wokupedzisira Danho - ndichikangamwa tsika uye unyanzvi. Izvi anouya kuparadzwa unhu uye nezveuchenjeri ndangariro - zvikuru nemishonga nhengo.

Kana kukanganwa mutemo Ribot imhaka chirwere, zviri rinorapika, uye kuti mune kurasikirwa ndangariro ikoko. Zvisinei, kana chikonzero - nokukwegura, zvazvinosarira chete kuramba kuitika Nezvagara Zviripo (regression mberi pane zvishoma kumhanya).

Zvinofadza kuti, pasinei nokuti nhau kazhinji inosimbisa nyaya kukanganwa, vakandowana kusiri sehwakajairika munhu angafunga. Kana kukanganwa zvachose zvinotora chikamu chiduku.

kudzvinyirira

Kudzvinyirira - wechipiri kukonzera akanganwa. Kusiyana misha, zvinonzi, akavapindurawo, anoziva. Munhu anogona kuedza kukanganwa munhu kana chiitiko, chiito yaari tsitsi uye chiito icho anyara, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Rinooma uye kusarurama

Sezvo rinooma uye kusarurama kuitika kure kakawanda kupfuura kudzvinyirira kana udzvanyiriri.

Hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo ruzivo tichikufunga vanotanga kuti ipere, somuenzaniso, munhu anoziva kuti pane imwe nguva yatova mudura foni kuti ndangariro, saka kuitamba mundangariro haapo saka kukosha, chete unofanira kunzwisisa kupi mashoko ari. Unyanzvi zvinenge zvisiri pasi wasvava, kusiyana chaizvo mashoko. Uyezve, zvinozivikanwa kuti kwokutanga vakawana ruzivo, nani akachengetwa. Muenzaniso: vakadzidza acharangarirwa kwasimbiswa muduku wokumwe mutauro pane kana akanga adzidza ari kuyaruka, uye kunyange mukuru.

Zvisinei, rinooma haingayananisirwi zvisingarevi zvakawanda nezvenzvimbo chikonzero chikuru kukanganwa. Zvechokwadi, kazhinji zvinoitika kuti munhu pasina gimmicks inoti "regai kurangarira" zvinhu zvinokosha, kushandisa kupfuura kamwe, uye panguva imwecheteyo asingabatsiri zvinhu vanongogara mupfungwa dzake.

chipingaidzo

Kusarurama kana kukanganiswa - kongiri nezvezviitiko matsva (data, ruzivo, mashoko) pamwe yekare nendangariro. Izvi zvinotungamirira haizopereri kukwana akanganwa. Uyezve, chipingaidzo uyewo kuzvirega zvichikanganisa nomusoro. Zviri nyore kuona kuti interconnected nomusoro uye kukanganwa. Kunyange zvinhu achifurira pavo, dzimwe nguva yakafanana, zvakabatanidzwa kana wezvikamu vaunze mumwe. Zvakananga, panyaya iyi, zviviri zvinokosha zvakadai proactive uye retroactive chipingaidzo.

retroactive chipingaidzo

Retroactive chipingaidzo - kutanga umo kana ruzivo rwutsva nemutemo wekare mutambo. Panyaya iyi, humboo kunge zvakafanana mumwe nomumwe: somuenzaniso, mitauro miviri yokumwe. Munhu anoziva Chirungu uye akatanga kudzidza German achava nematambudziko playback mashoko Chirungu, izvo achangobva haana kukonzera iye zvinetso. Panguva iyoyowo dzomuzana German acharangarirwa nyore zvikuru.

Mumwe muenzaniso: kugadzirira nokuda bvunzo. Retroactive chipingaidzo hauzoti chigumburiso kana vakadzidza vose wefizikisi uye kemisitiri, asi mumwe pashure perimwe verenga shinda pamusoro upfumi zvingabudirira chaivharidzira mumwe.

Proactive chipingaidzo

Proactive chipingaidzo - kutanga chakatarisana yaimbovapo. Panyaya iyi, zivo yekare, pamusoro paizvozvo, kudzivisa kuitwa mutsva. Vari aivhengana uye akaremara.

Proactive kukanganiswa zviri nyore kufunga muenzaniso kudzidza chikamu: kutanga zviri nyore kuyeuka nokuda zvinokonzerwa ndiro rine chokwadi, mugumo - nokuti zivo yakachena uye nyore kusvika kurangarirwa kwavo, ivo, saka kutaura, pamusoro pemvura. Asi pakati kana isiriyo kana zvapera zvachose. chinhu yake mukuru kumwero uye tinzwe proactive chipingaidzo.

Psychological dzidziso pamusoro kukanganwa

Memory pezvakaitwa mu zvepfungwa anotsanangura associative uye kufunga. Kubva panguva iyi maonero, achikanganwa anounzwa pokuwa shamwari. Recommended dzokororo uye kushandisa zvakachengetwa mashoko kuramba kutendeka kukurukurirana.

Ebbinghaus achikanganwa

H. Ebbinghaus, wepfungwa kubva kuGermany, zviviri emakore apfuura havawanzoiti Nguva munhu anokanganwa ruzivo. Ebbinghaus kukanganwa mutemo pamusoro makore haana kurasa kushanda uye kuramba kushandiswa kunyange wepfungwa ano. Muenzaniso pamusoro nokuda proactive chipingaidzo, ziso anoratidza uyewo mutemo mubvunzo, nekuti masayendisiti akawana kuti mhando mashoko pakutanga uye pakupedzisira kuti kurangarira zvakanaka. Ebbinghaus akaita dzavo Zvakawanikwa zvichikonzerwa vakawanda kuedza. kuvamba yake ndiye akanganwa munyonga pokuenzanisira muenzaniso izvi. Muchidimbu inogona kurondedzerwa sezvizvi: zvikuru nguva inopfuura kubva nguva akarangarira kashoma matambudziko ruzivo urwu.

Ebbinghaus Vakawanawo kuti mashoko kuva nechinangwa, munhu akarangarira nani pane avo kuti musatakura chero zvaanoreva.

How kuderedza yokukangamwa?

Zvinotarisirwa kuti tikurire akanganwa kana ukaedza kuyeuka mashoko anotevera:

• Kana nomusoro mashoko zvakakodzera kududzira (anovimba akaita pamusoro Ebbinghaus G. O). Ndizvo, kana uchida rangarira chinhu, zviri nani kushandisa zvakanaka nouchenjeri yekare - nani kudzidza uye kunzwisisa, pane ndezvokuti magariro akadaro anoita.
• Kudzokorora ruzivo, sezvamakaropafadzwa nguva pakati wokutanga kudzokororwa uye nomusoro kuva kwemaminitsi makumi mana. Kuwanda repetitions sezvinobvira mumazuva mashoma okutanga uye zvishoma nezvishoma shoma.

Zvinotarisirwa zvinoratidza kuti yepamusoro okuchengetera uye kudzivisa kukanganwa kugaya mashoko anofanira kupiwa nguva kupfuura zuva rimwe. "Victory anoda kugadzirira", yepamusoro uye inogara kwenguva refu.

Kukanganwa: asi zvakaipa chinhu?

Paakabvunzwa kuti chii chiri akanganwa wepfungwa, rinopa chaiwo chaizvo uye kwesayenzi mhinduro pasina mupfungwa coloring, chete tsanangudzo. Asi kana iwe kumubvunza nyore munhuwo zvake, achamupa uye mafungiro ake, uye kunyanya kunaka. Tinotenda kuti ndangariro, achikanganwa - zvakapesana pfungwa. Rangarirai - zvakanaka, regai kurangarira - zvakaipa. Chokwadi, akanganwa anogona kukonzera matambudziko uye zvipingamupinyi, asi ane zvakanaka divi. Kufanana zvakaoma dhisiki, ndangariro dzevanhu rinocheneswa, izvo anopa mamwe nzvimbo mashoko matsva. Uyezve, sezvo kukurukurwa pamusoro, mananara akadai kukanganwa, vanogona kubatsira sezvo ichivharira ndangariro, zvinorwadza kuziva. Pakupedzisira, vose dzinotsanagura ndangariro basa kubatsira kubvisa ichi mashandiro yakaoma, kusanganisira nomusoro uye akanganwa, uye kuzivikanwa uye playback.

munhu chinhu

Ndinokanganwa zviri zvepfungwa anodzidzwa maererano nemamwe maitiro ndangariro, asi vachiri Kazhinji. kukanganwa mitemo kushanda navamwe, asi kwete chokwadi Mhedziso. Chinokosha womunhu chinhu: ndangariro munhu ari nani, munhu akaipa. Vamwe nzira nemirayiridzo vanofanira "chinja woga", akapa zvechadenga muviri uye pfungwa, ndokusaka akanganwa - romutoo nevanhu vose, nokuda mumwe nomumwe.