Chimiro chemuzinda weMoscow, kukasiyana kwayo nekudzivirirwa

Chinhu chikuru chezvisikwa muMoscow uye nzvimbo yeMoscow ndiyo nzvimbo.

Nzvimbo

Nzvimbo yeMoscow inozivikanwa zvikuru nekununurwa kwakadzika. Muchikamu chekumadokero, makomo anokwira kusvika mamita zana nemakumi matanhatu. Chikamu chekumabvazuva chinonyanya kumativi akadzika.

Kubva kumaodzanyemba-kumavirazuva kusvika kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kwakatambanudza muganhu weMoscow glaciation. Kuenda kuchamhembe kwayo fomu yekutsvaira kwegungwa inonyanya kukosha, iyo yakashongedzwa nemaine roine. Kuenda kumaodzanyemba, chimiro chekusununguka chete chinowanzoitika.

Mamiriro ekunze

Zvikamu zvehupenyu hwekuMoscow kunorondedzera kushandiswa kwemamiriro okunze kwemugodhi. Nemhaka yezvakafanotaurwa nenguva muzhizha, kunaya kwekudziya kwevhu uye nguva yechando inotonhora. Mumwe anogona kuona kuwedzera kwendendenendi kubva kuchamhembe-kumavirira kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kwemazuva 120 kusvika ku135, inharaunda yekupisa kwezuva nezuva iri pasi pe 0 degrees Celsius. Nguva ino inotangira kubva pakati paNovember kusvika pakupera kwaMarch. Chimiro chemuzinda weMoscow chinogadziriswa kusvika pahuwandu hwekushisa kwegore negore, iyo inotangira kubva ku 2.7 kusvika ku8,8 degrees Celsius.

Rivers

Zvose zvinotungira dzimba dzeMoscow zvinosangana zvakananga neBolga Basin. Ivo Volga pachayo inotenderera chikamu chiduku chendima iyo nzvimbo iyo muganhu neyeTver nzvimbo iri. Munharaunda yekuchamhembe, kune zvikwereti zveVolga, uye nechokumaodzanyemba - nharaunda dzeOka River, iyo ndiyo yekutanga uye yechipiri yakakura kupfuura imwe yenyika pashure peVolga munharaunda yeMoscow. Kumubhedha weOka uyewo unosanganisira zvikwereti zveRwizi rwaMoscow, iyo inopoteredza chikamu chikuru cheMashchera.

Nhamba yose yenzizi munharaunda inopfuura mazana matatu. Kureba kwavo kunopfuura makiromita gumi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane runyararo rwemazuva ano, rakaputika mupata, floodplains. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha ndezvokudya kwechando. Nguva yemvura yakakwirira inowira kwegore kubva munaEpril kusvika May. Muzhizha, mvura yakawanda inenge iri pasi, ichikwira chete munyaya yemvura yakareba. Kubva munaNovember kusvika muna April nzizi dzakafukidzwa nechando. Ndiyo chete iyo yakakura kupfuura dzose inofamba nemugwagwa: Oka, Volga uye kuMoscow River.

Vegetation

Tichifunga nezvekuti nzvimbo yeMoscow iri mudondo uye musango, nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinotora anenge makumi mana muzana yenzvimbo yose yenharaunda yacho. Rutivi rwokumusoro runomiririrwa neApper Volga lowland, chikamu chekumadokero chinomiririrwa neZimbabwe Mozhaisky, Lotoshinsky, uye Shakhovskoi. Munharaunda iyi, sango re coniferous rakapararira , iyo chikamu chikuru icho chiri sango reSpruce. Chimiro chemuMoscow munharaunda ye Meshchera chinomiririrwa nemasango emapine. Munharaunda ine matombo munhu anokwanisa kuwana masango ari kure. Muchikamu chepakati uye chiduku chemuganhu wekumabvazuva, pane coniferous uye yakasara-miti yakasvibiswa. Nheyo yacho inogadzirwa nepruce, pine, birch, aspen.

Muchikamu chepakati, hazel, iyo inonziwo hazelnut, inokunda. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwekuMoscow nzvimbo inotsanangurwa nekuvapo kwemazamu akawanda. Kana nzvimbo yacho inotungamirirwa nemiti inonzi coniferous, ipapo kumaodzanyemba iri munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasimwa masango. Izvi zvinosanganisira oak, aspen, pamwe chete nemapu uye maple nemashizha akapinza. Nzvimbo yekushandura yakadai, seMoskvoretsko-Oka Upland, yakapfuma mumasango makuru epruruki. Muenzaniso wakajeka weiyi ndiwo mashomanana ekumusoro kweRwizi Lopasni. Oka Valley yakafukidzwa nemasango emapine, inozivikanwa nemafambiro.

Panzvimbo dziri kumaodzanyemba kwemaodzanyemba, iyo inosanganisira Serebryano-Prudsk nzvimbo, nzvimbo yemasango-steppe inowanikwa. Pamusana pokuti imwe nheyo yenyika inorimwa, zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakasikwa hazvichengetwi kunyange nezvidimbu. Kunongowanikwa kamwe chete iwe unogona kuwana lime kana oak grove.

Mukuona kwekuti kubva pamasango makumi mapfumbamwe nemasere emazana akave akaiswa pasi zvakanyanya, chimiro chemuMoscow mamiriro akachinjwa muchiyero chemiti yemiti. Iko coniferous (kunyanya, spruce) sango rakatsiviwa nemasango maduku-akasiiwa, ayo anomiririrwa neBirch uye aspen. Kusvika parizvino, musango mumwe nomumwe une unhu hwekuchengetedza mvura, saka kucheka hazvidi kuitiswa. Kuvandudza mabasa iri kunyatsogadziriswa, mune imwe nzira yakasimbiswa - munzvimbo dziri pedyo neMoscow dziri pedyo pedyo.

Nzvimbo dzakapararira dzakapararira munharaunda dzeShatursky uye Lukhovitsky. Vakawanda vavo vari kumabvazuva. Mafashamo emvura floodplain meadows anenge asingambowanikwi. Nhamba yezvizvarwa zvebhagori zvakaderedzwa zvakadzama, asi vamiriri vemavara emamwe marudzi, somuenzaniso, maple eAmerica, mhou-borshevik Sosnovsky, nzvimbo inosvika kune dzimwe nyika, iri kuwanda uye yakawanda. Kudzivirirwa kwechimiro chemuMoscow kunokosha zvikuru, sezvo mbeu dzakawanda dzakanyorwa muBlack Book yeRussian Federation. Izvi zvinosanganisira munyu, Venus slipper nevamwe.

Animal world

Chikoro chezvipfuwo zvemhuka dziri munzvimbo ino chinomiririrwa ne badgers, beavers, squirrels, otters, muskrats, maermermoni, mbwa raccoon, hedgehogs, hares (hares, hares), shrews, maasasel, maruva, mhashu, mhashu, mahara, makomes, makonzo (madema, gris) , Masango martens, mitsara (musango, yellow-throated, munda, ruvara-ruvara, mutsara), masango mhashu, mink, nyori (anokudzwa, akaonekwa, maral), muskrat, voles (tsvuku, gorosi, akarima, mvura, muimba) . Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hwekuMoscow munharaunda hazvirevi kune mhando idzi. Pamuganhu unogona kusangana nebere, lynx, mhumhi. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba kune grey hamsters, mavara machena magirasi, hamsters, mabwe martens, firrets.

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinozvirumbidza zvakasimba zvevanhu vemhuka dzinotyisa panzvimbo yacho. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubhururuka makungukwi, mahombekombe eAmerica anomhanya, Siberian roe deer. Zvichida, mhando idzi dzemhuka dzakadyiwa dzakatengeswa kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Munharaunda, pane zvinopfuura gumi nemaviri emarangi: usiku-beet (inowanzo, inokonzerwa, dziva, mvura), bat (musango, madiki), machira (tsvuku, duku, giant), bicolored leathers, maziso ehuni.

Nyama dzine mapapiro

Nyanzvi yeannithological inopfuura zana nemakumi manomwe marudzi e shiri. Kune nhamba yakawanda yehuni, tsrushes, hazel grouses, bullfinches, nightingales, corncobs, chibis, white storks, grey herons, gulls, greens, duck, ogareys. Kune shiri dzakawanda, makumi mana, mapoka, pamwe nevamwe vamiririri veshiri vanogara pakati peboka reRussia. Mhando dzinopfuura makumi mana dzinozivikanwa sekuvhima.

Mvura inogara

Chimiro chemuMoscow chinopfuma mumitumbi yemvura, umo hove dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogara (ruff, carp, bream, perch, roach, rotan, pike perch, pike).

Chikoro chezvipembenene zvine nhamba yakawanda yemarudzi. Semuenzaniso, nenyuchi chete dzinopfuura mazana matatu subspecies. Inogara pano uye "vagari" veMarudzi Red Book.

Amphibians

Mhuka nhatu dzemhuka dzakasvibirira dzakapfuma mumamiriro ezvinhu emuMoscow. Mamwe acho aigona kuwanikwa mumabhuku ekuchikoro. Izvi zvinosvibiswa (kusanganisira zvisingatauriki, zvinokera, viviparous, zvinowanikwa), nyoka (nyoka dzinowanzo, nyoka dzinowanzo, mari yemhangura). Panewo zvakare ruzivo rwekuti kune vanhu vashoma vemahombekombe mumatunhu. Chikoro chemaamphibian chinomiririrwa nemitsva (yakajairika, yakasvibiswa ), micheche (grey uye yakasvibirira), matatya (uswa , hunoti, lacustrine, pondaceous, edible);

Chengetedzo

Ihurongwa hwenyika "Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa munzvimbo yeMoscow" kunodanwa kuzotaura nezvezvinhu zvenhaka yenyika, zvine nzvimbo yakasikwa yezvakatipoteredza, tsika, zvesayenzi.

Izvo zvinofanira kuyeukwa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu ane simba anthropogenic inokonzerwa ne biocomplexes inofanirwa kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kusakoshesa. Nzvimbo dzakachengeteka dzakachengetwa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi. Izvi zvinosanganisira Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve (uko mabhesi ari pasi pekuchengetedzwa kunokosha), Losiny Ostrov National Park, pamwe chete neZavidovo Game Reserve uye nzvimbo tsvene.

Irojekiti "Kusiyana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa munzvimbo yeMoscow" inoparadzira ruzivo pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasununguka, dzinowanikwa munyika yenyika. Dzimba dzakadaro dzakaparadzana zvikamu zvose zvepasi uye nzvimbo dzemvura, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dziri pamusoro pavo. Vanodzingwa kubva kumabhizimisi uye kushandiswa kwemari kuburikidza nesimba rehurumende, uye hurumende yakachengeteka inoshanda pano nechisarudzo chemiviri inokosha.

Mifananidzo yezvakasikwa

Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya hazvigadziriswi biocomplexes. Zvivako zvezvakasikwa munzvimbo yeMoscow zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi masere zvinhu. Mhuri, mapoka, shiri dzinokambaira, zvimwe zvikamu zvemahombekombe, zvikamu zvezvikomo, makomo emarudzi, beaver makoroni, nzvimbo dzinogara shiri dendere, makungwa maduku, misha, masango masango, rwizi varume vakuru vanoshanda hurumende inotarisira kuchengetedza nyika yavo yepanyama . Zvese dzinodzingwa kubva kushandiswa kwenyika uye dzinotungamirirwa nemitemo yenyika yeRussian Federation.

Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvakadaro zvakasikwa zvine pasipoti yayo, ine ruzivo pamusoro pezita, nzvimbo, nharaunda yekugadzirisa, miganhu, mitemo yezvokuchengetedza, kushandiswa kunobvumirwa, pamwe chete nemashoko ekubatanidza evaridzi venzvimbo dzenyika iyo nzvimbo dzakasikwa dziripo uye ruzivo rwevanhu vakatora Mutoro wekuchengetedza biocomplex.