Chizvarwa chitsva simba renyukireya zvinomera. The itsva simba renyukireya chirimwa muRussia

Mumakore chikamu zana izvozvo aenda kuburikidza kumarudzi akawanda, kwete chete munzanga yedu. Nhasi, chizvarwa chitsva simba renyukireya zvinomera zviri kuvakwa. Ichangobva simba zviumbu Russian vava kukwanisa chete pressurized mvura reactors chizvarwa 3+. Reactors izvi mhando anogona kunzi, pasina kupamhidzira, kupfuura mimwe. Ose basa VVER (VVER) aisava chete zvakakomba tsaona. A itsva mhando simba renyukireya miti munyika pamwe chete vane makore anopfuura 1000 kubva yakatsiga uye nematambudziko unongotaura.

Design uye nokushanda reactor ano 3+

Uranium exchange mafuta ari reactor iri akanyudzwa imwe zirconium chubhu, anonzi mafuta zvinhu kana huni tsvimbo. Idzowo maitiro wenyika yacho reactor. Kana kupora kubva ichi mapazi Absorção de Água matanda ari reactor Nyuturoni zvinoyerera nezvimedu kunowedzera, uye ipapo inotanga kuzvitsigira fission cheni kuita. Panyaya iyi, kuti uranium exchange asunungurwa yakawanda simba, iyo rinopisa mafuta pematanda. Nuclear simba chirimwa, vakapakata VVER muchimhanya Dual zano. First ichipfuura mvura reactor yakachena, izvo kare Ina zvokune pakusachena siyana. Next, chobudira zvakananga kuburikidza yezviri mapazi apo inotonhodza uye anogeza mafuta zvinhu pachavo. mvura iyi iri neshungu, tembiricha kwayo rinosvika 320 Celsius, zvokuti anoramba imvura ezvinhu, zvakakodzera kuchengeta kumanikidzwa 160 atmospheres! Ipapo inopisa mvura inofanira kuva hwemvura jenareta, achipa kudziya. A yechipiri redunhu Urume ipapo anopinda zvakare kupinda reactor.

Zvinotevera zviito zviri maererano dzose zvinangwa zvedu. Mvura yaiva dunhu rechipiri, kuti chiutsi jenareta anova sezvingatarisirwa vaviri vaviri hurumende mvura gaseous rotates ari turbine. mashandiro ichi kunoita zvinofamba yemagetsi urwu Magetsi. The reactor pacharo uye hwemvura jenareta riri mukati hermetic goko nekongiri. The mvura mhute jenareta kuti redunhu rokutanga, exiting kuti reactor asingadi dyidzana chero nzira pamwe nemvura kubva rechipiri loop kuenda turbine. Izvi placement zano pamusoro reactor uye hwemvura jenareta vanodzinga nemwaranzi kupinda tsvina mhiri reactor horo chechitima.

About kuchengetedza mari

The itsva simba renyukireya chirimwa mu Russia anorayira pamusoro kuchengeteka hurongwa mari 40% of zvachose Mari chirimwa pachayo. The chikuru mugove mari iri afuke otomatiki uye simba mamiriro, uyewo kuchengeteka michina.

Hwaro kuchengeteka vari chizvarwa chitsva renyukireya simba miti inobva pana enhare zvakadzama, inobva kushandiswa ezvinhu mana zvipingamupinyi mumuviri nokusunungurwa radioactive zvinhu.

Wokutanga chipingamupinyi

Ngachipiwe muchimiro mahwendefa simba pamwe uranium exchange mafuta pachavo. Pashure vanonzi sintering kwacho sechoto panguva tembiricha kuti 1200 madhigirii mahwendefa kuwana mukuru-vakagwinya ehupfumi. Havana kuparadzwa mukuru tembiricha. Vari Vakaisa zirconium chubhu achiumba mumuhara ari mafuta zvinhu. Zvakadaro mafuta Kufananidzira akaiswa automaton Mahwendefa 200. Vakati vazadze zirconium chubhu zvachose, kuti robhoti anopinda otomatiki chitubu-kudzvanya kuti kukundikana. Ipapo muchina yakanga anobviswa, uye ipapo chose vanoisimbisa.

Chechipiri chipingamupinyi

Rinomiririra rakavhara Kamudzira kuti zirconium mafuta tsvimbo. The mafuta cladding chakagadzirwa nenyukireya zirconium kugiredhi. It ane refu ngura nemishonga, vanokwanisa kuramba chimiro pane tembiricha pamusoro 1000 inegumi. Kudzora unhu mukugadzira huni yenyukireya rinoitwa mumatanho ose ayo kugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, multi-dariro unhu macheki mukana depressurization ari mafuta zvinhu yakaderera chaizvo.

Wechitatu chipingamupinyi

Wakaitwa muchimiro simba simbi reactor mudziyo ane ukobvu akaenzana masendimita 20. It akagadzirirwa kuti uchishandisa kumanikidzwa 160 atmospheres. Dzimba rinopa reactor kudzivisa kusunungurwa fission zvigadzirwa pasi rwokudzivirira butiro.

Wechina chipingamupinyi

A rakanamwa containment pamusoro reactor horo, rine imwe zita - containment. Inoitwa zviviri chete zvikamu: yomukati dzokunze nevamwe. Rokunze goko anodzivirira kubva zvose Kufurirwa nevamwe, zvose zvakasikwa uye manmade. Pakukora rokunze goko - 80 masendimita soro simba kongiri.

Yomukati goko pamwe chesamende rusvingo ukobvu 1 mamita 20 cm. Its zvikukutu Coated simbi papepa 8mm. Uyezve, chisungo chayo kusimbisa chaiyo waya hurongwa strung mukati goko. Mune mamwe manzwi, ndiko guurwa hwendarira, izvo it chesamende, kuwedzera rayo simba nekatatu.

Nuances unodzivirira bemhapemha

unodzivirira chizvarwa chitsva renyukireya hamvuropu Inner kukurira nevezera 7 makirogiramu por mativi sendimita uyewo kumusoro tembiricha kuti madhigirii 200 Celsius.

Pakati yomukati uye dzokunze anoshongwa, ipapo mezhobolochnoe nzvimbo. It ane gasi mupise gadziriro, iyo kuwa kubva reactor mupanda. Strong yanyatsosimba kongiri goko anochengeta tightness mukudengenyeka kwenyika 8 pfungwa. Inodonha kurwisa of ndege, iyo nokuenzanisa uremu matani 200, uyewo kukurira zvakanyanyisa Kufurirwa nevamwe, zvakadai somunhu dutu uye dutu, pamwe kunonyanyisa mhepo kumhanya 56 metres por wechipiri, mukana izvo zvinogoneka kamwe muna 10 000 mumakore. Uye Kamudzira ichi anotidzivirira mhepo kuvhunduka mafungu ane kumanikidzwa vari mberi kusvika 30 kPa.

Feature-rudzi 3+ yenyukireya

Ezvinhu zvina zvipingamupinyi zvokunyama kudzivirira zvakadzama hakubvisi radioactive choutsi kunze simba kana njodzi. In VVER zvose pane kungotarisa uye kushingaira kuchengeteka enyika, wemishonga iyo inosimbisa zvitatu huru zvinangwa kuchimuka pakaita dambudziko:

• mira uye kugumiswa zvenyukireya siyana;
• nechokwadi Kugara kupisa kubviswa kubva renyukireya mafuta uye simba;
• kudzivirira radionuclide kusunungurwa kunze containment pakuparwa kurongerwa.

VVER-1200 muRussia uye munyika

Security rava chizvarwa chitsva simba renyukireya zvinomera muJapan mushure tsaona panguva chirimwa "Fukushima-1". ipapo vokuJapan vakasarudza kubereka simba nerubatsiro hworugare atomu. Zvisinei, hurumende itsva akadzokera renyukireya simba indasitiri, sezvo upfumi hwenyika yacho vakatambura inorema varasikirwa. mainjiniya Russian zvenyukireya dzephysics dzakatanga kuva chizvarwa chitsva simba renyukireya chirimwa makachengeteka. Muna 2006, nyika vakadzidza pamusoro itsva rinorema-basa uye njodzi kukura mudzimba masayendisiti.

In May 2016 ndokuguma mukuru chivako Black Earth nharaunda, uye anobudirira kuidzwa kuguma 6 chairema Novovoronezh NPP. Nyika itsva unoshanda stably chinovhiringidza! Kokutanga pakuvaka ravarwi mainjiniya kunge yakagadzirwa mumwe chete uye soro shongwe kwenyika kuti kutonhora mvura. Nepo kare yakavakwa kutonhora shongwe zviviri chimwe chikwata. Nemhaka zviitiko zvakadaro vaigona kuponesa mari uye chengeta mabikirwo. Chimwe gore chichaitwa mabasa akasiyana hunhu pachiteshi. Izvi zvinokosha kuti kuisa zvishoma nezvishoma kushanda midziyo asara, saka sei kumhanya zvose, uye kwete pakarepo. Mberi Novovoronezh simba renyukireya chirimwa - kuvaka Unit 7, richagara mumwe makore maviri. Pashure paizvozvo achava chete nedunhu Voronezh, izvo akatengesa chirongwa guru kudaro. Voronezh gore negore ashanyirwa nenhume siyana, kudzidza basa renyukireya nesimba chirimwa. Izvi epamba kukura akasiya kuMadokero uye East pasango simba. Nhasi, siyana inoti vanoda dzika, uye vamwe vava kushandisa chirimwa kwakadaro.

Chizvarwa chitsva reactors kushanda kubatsira China pa Tianwan. Nhasi miti yakadaro kuvakwa muna India, Belarus, kuBaltic States. Muna Russian Federation vari pakutevedzera VVER-1200 muna Voronezh, Leningrad nharaunda. Zvirongwa - kuvaka zvakafanana Zvivako iri simba zvekutepfenyura muRepublic of Bangladesh uye Turkish mamiriro. In March 2017 zvikazikamwa kuti Czech Republic nokushingaira pamwe "Rosatom" kuvaka nokudyara panyika yavo. Russia anoronga kuvaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa (chizvarwa chitsva) muna Seversk (Tomsk Region), Nizhny Novgorod uye Kursk.