Cisco routers: marongero womuenzaniso. Network midziyo

Cisco routers kwenguva refu uye chakakodzera akunda kuvimba vanoshandisa zhinji. Nokutendeka kwemakore akawanda, ivo kupfuura motokari kune siyana mano pakati pemarudzi akasiyana network. Shoko "cisco" ava rakafanana nerokuti mashoko akadai unhu uye rakavimbika. Kunyanya pamusoro ari Cisco mutengo wacho aigara mukati zvinogamuchirika.

Zvinoitwa Cisco routers uye haizoshandisi

Pari, zvikuru zvakasiyana dzakatevedzana haizoshandisi uye Cisco routers. The dzakatevedzana zvinosanganisira wandei mienzaniso kuti zvisingapindirani wandei unhu. Zvisinei, vose vanogona kuva kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka:

• Portable routers. Vari aiendeswa sangano diki uye svikiro-pamwero network.

• Mano pamwe chivakashure ISR - Ethernet haizoshandisi vari dzinoratidzwa anonzwisisa zvikuru mapurani. By kugadzwa nekuve mafomu kuti anogona kuva zvinenge zvikuru vawedzere nezvaanogona dzavo.

• Modular mudziyo. Mukana kwakadaro mano anogona kuwedzerwa kuburikidza mhando dzose modules, saka unogona flexibly utarisire Hardware mapurani. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuwana diki uye unosvikirwa akamboona.

All mano vanoshanda nokupfuuridzirwa uye negashiro mashoko Mabhokisi pamusoro rechitatu pachiyero OSI. Unogona kushandisa kuti kuvaka network ine hukuru zvose uye zvinangwa. Cisco VPN-tunnels mano anotsigira zvinotevera: L2TP, DMVPN, IPsec, GRE uye PPTP. Akamumutsira VPN uri Cisco router kuchaita wokushandura umboo pamusoro ane encrypted private gwara.

Cisco 2960 dzinoti haizoshandisi vane zvinoverengeka yokutevedzera, asi vanhuwo zvechadenga aya:

• L2 chechetere;
• uwandu vakatsigira zvengarava - 8, 24 kana 48;
• Poe simba PAKAPERA, Poe +;
• rutsigiro rakachengeteka kubatana;
• zvengarava zvazvingava angava akasiyana, zvichienderana router womuenzaniso - 100 megabit, 1 gigabit;
• mukana nokuumba muzvikochikari zvakanaka mune dzimwe yokutevedzera iripo, nepo vamwe - kwete.

A chiri routers kubva Cisco anogona kunzi kuti vanowanzoororwa zvikuru specialized. Kwete avo mutsetse zvimwe zvakasikwa mienzaniso vakakoniwa zvakafanana kushanda mufurati kuti paumbwe musha network, uye boka kana muhofisi. mutsetse mumwe nomumwe anokonzera chinhu zvakasiyana, uye dzimwe nguva ane yakatetepa chaizvo specialization. Saka nguva iyi unofanira kufungei pakusarudza zvakarukwa midziyo Cisco vake, kunyange zvinodhura uye yemhando router kana router kungava kusingabatsiri akagadzirwa namapuranga uye netambo panzvimbo imwe uye hazvidi kushaika mudziyo - mune dzimwe.

Directions Cisco Hardware Kurongwa

Rakamiswa midziyo kazhinji anomhanya pamwe inotevera mitsetse:

1. Akamumutsira Wi-Fi network scalable. It dzakwidzwa scaled network kubvumira mukana wokushandiswa kuita zvakakodzera kuchinja uye kushandisa mari shoma chete nokubatanidzwazve pemambure.
2. Kushanda rakamiswa paIndaneti nvidia yakavakirwa Cisco. By ichi urongwa anogona kunzwisiswa se yomunzvimbo nzvimbo samambure mukati hofisi imwe kana zvebhizimisi, uye zvakawanda pasi pose - tichibatanidza network vemo vakawanda kupinda chimwe. Pane dzakasiyana pamwe revanhu 350 uye 30 000 pamwe clustering.
3. Cisco-Kugadza Firewall uye IPS. Izvi samambure kuchengeteka setup - anokosha chinhu ari debug basa, risingagoni kuregeredzwa chero zvazvingava.
4. Configuring zvakarukwa zvichiongororwa Ezvemutauro. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa unyanzvi hwakasiyana-software kubva Cisco. Nokuda kwaizvozvo hapazovi nezvinetso kugarisana pakati Hardware uye Software zvinoriumba, uye mutariri achagona chero nguva kuwana chinangwa chokuita nebasa paIndaneti uye nguva sei zvinetso zvinogona.
5. Configuring Cisco VPN. By ichi ndechedu mubatanidzwa anoverengeka munzvimbo network kupinda mumwe, kusanganisira inoona nezvenjodzi dzakaparadzaniswa zvakakwana guru akareba. Uyewo, ungada kubatanidza workstations revashandi nomumwe kune mukuru pfuma zvavakanga vachida kuita.

How kubatanidza router kuti kombiyuta yako

Chokwadi, mambure midziyo anotanga kubatanidza kuti kombiyuta yako. The router chinobatanidza kuti PC uchishandisa rinokosha kunyaradzana waya. Anofambisa chirwere emulator. Naye uye kudiwa kupinda zvikwata mune remangwana.

routers zhinji uye routers vanoshandisa achiri ru-chengarava kuti chokuita kuti kombiyuta. Zvisinei, kwete motokari zvose ano chiteshi yakadaro inowanikwa. Muchiitiko chino, kubatsira anokosha adapters kuti USB-ru. Zvichienderana configuration, vanogona kana kuti mwanda pamwe pomumbure zvokushandisa, uye kwete akanunura. Asi zviri nani kuti kusarudza muenzaniso kuti yatova pachibarirwo inotsigira nzira unobatanidza Via USB.

Somunhu chengarava raanotaura: 9600/8-N-1. Kana uchida kuti reload kuti router configuration kumba risina chinhu, unofanira kupa murayiro: dzinoita. Pakudaro dzakatakura EXEC nzira. Kutanga jira yakachena, kutaipa zvinotevera murayiro: vadzime startup-config. Uye restart midziyo murayiro: reload. On the uchishandisa gadziriro mubvunzo kana kupinda pazviruva hwindo anofanira akapindura ari kunaka.

Zvisinei, zvose pamusoro apa, unogona kuita kana hapana chikonzero kuwana chinhu config.

General ruzivo pamusoro nemarongerwo kunyaradzana rinorayira iri routers uye Cisco routers

Kana midziyo Cisco, Windows asingadi kupa zvaizivikanwa vanoshandisa akawanda windowing. All mirayiro vakapinda vachishandisa kunyaradzana inouraya. Uye saizvozvo zvakafanira kuomerera mitemo zvinotevera:

• kana pamunopinda mubvunzo mucherechedzo, ipapo Cisco achava kuratidza pasi mirayiro iripo uye operands;
• zita kana mumwe guru iwe yakarumbidza kuderedza kusvika shoma muganhu;
• murayiro mutsetse fora kutenderwa mune chirwere kunyaradza, sezvo zvinoitwa Linux kana Unix nehurongwa;
• kana opareta achinja pfungwa dzake kuti aite murayiro, rinogona kudimburira kuurayiwa yaro achitaipa shoko NO;
• kuenda mapindiro pamwero 0 (mutsva) kusvika 15 (mutariri), unofanira kupinda murayiro: dzinoita Nomer_urovnya_dostupa.

kugonesa SSH

Kugadzwa zviri router anogona kutanga yokuti SSH richatsikwa raakapiwa default nokuda kwokubatana zvose. Kana kushandisa SSH, unogona kushandisa chero mashoko kubva kure kombiyuta kuburikidza encrypted makwara. Kuti akwanise SSH muna Cisco, unofanira:

• Vakwanise yemhando nzira dzinoita murayiro neropafadzo.
• Kunoratidza nguva chaiyo ano.
• Kutanga zvakananga kugadzira wegadziriro, zvakakodzera kupa murayiro: router # kugadzira inouraya.
• Uyezve, vanofanira kuratidza achazoburuka zita, uye izvi zvinoitwa chete murayiro: router (config) # Rinozvikudza ip umambo zita mydomain.ru.
• Encryption Chinokosha kunotangira wokuti: router (config) # crypto kiyi chamutsa rsa.
• Kutanga rokushandisa itsva, murayiro ari kunyaradza: router (config) # Username Username ropafadzo 11 pasiwedhi 7 my_passwd. Pano, zvinofungirwa kuti Cisco mudziyo configuration pamwe User pamwero 11, zvisina kuwanikwa chose zvikwata. Asi iwe unogona kuumba ropafadzo zvakazara rokushandisa, anofanira kutaridzwa mapindiro pamwero haasi 11, uye kufadza - 15.
• Shandisa mirayiro: router (config) # AAA itsva-muenzaniso nzira (config) # mutsetse vty 0 4 Zara AAA dzakati uye configuration kunobatanidzwa kuti chirwere mitsetse. Kana pano - kubva 0 kusvika 4.
• Kushandisa mirayiro: router (config-mutsetse) # chokufambisa chiyamuro ssh router (config-mutsetse) # kutema synchronous iri basa sezvo default SSH kupinda.
• Zvazvinosarira chete kuti ubude modes zvose, uye ipapo kunze kuchinja. Izvi zvinoitwa kushandisa mirayiro zvinotevera: router (config-mutsetse) #exit router (config) # mbudo router # nyora.

Sei kugadzira Cisco zviteshi

Kupinda munyika yose configuration muoti Kurongwa nokuti zvengarava muna Cisco, unofanira kutaipa murayiro seizvi:

conf t

inowanikwa fa0 / 2.

Unogona kugadzira zvinotevera Cisco zvengarava:

• Access Port. Izvi chiteshi chinouraya rwunoratidzwa zvakananga mutengi mudziyo - munhu Modem, mumwe router kana zvakananga kuti PC, iyo achazvipiwa untagged motokari. Kana kutaipa ari kunyaradza switchport muoti mukana, asi akasarudza chengarava riri ashandurwe kuwana muoti, uye motokari zvose dzichayerera pamusoro vlan 1. Asi kana ukakurudzira switchport kuwana vlan 310, humboo achaiswa kune vlan 310.
• Hunde chiteshi. Chiteshi ichi chinofanira kushandiswa, kana mhiri inomira nomumbure mudziyo - Ethernet haizoshandisi, routers, etc. Kuti ushandise pachiteshi ichi, unofanira kunyoresa vari kunyaradzana: .. Switchport muoti hunde - kushanda muenzaniso 2950. Asi muna 2960, murayiro uyu zvishoma zvakasiyana:

switchport muoti hunde

switchport hunde encapsulation dot1q.

Kana muchida kushandisa chete zvimwe vlan, ari kunyaradza inofanira akapinda: switchport hunde alloved vlan 310, 555 - ndiko vlan nhamba dzakaparadzaniswa nezvitura befu;

• Chemasanganiswa chiteshi. Zvisinei, zviteshi Cisco configuration haibatanidzi basa vakaberekwa pachiteshi, kunan'anura chero chengarava sechinhu chemasanganiswa anogona kuva, kana iwe wasarudza hunde chengarava pachavo nativ vlan. Unogona kuona izvi muenzaniso nemarongerwo zvinotevera mirayiro iri kunyaradzana:

switchport muoti hunde (hunde chengarava akasikwa)

switchport hunde alloved vlan 310,555 (zvengarava dzakadaro kushandiswa sezvo vlan 310 uye 555)

switchport hunde chizvarwa vlan 310 (zvose untagged vlan motokari rinopararira kusvika 310, uye vakasara - 555).

Port configuration muitiro zvakurukurwa kubudikidza muenzaniso Cisco 2960 - mumwe inonyanya nhasi. Zvisinei, mamwe dzinotevedzana vezvikwata kuita akafanana.

sei I itangezve

Kamwe pazviruva vari itangezve, kuti configuration faira rinocheneswa, vose kugadzirisa yakanaka vanofanira kudzokororwa, uye naizvozvo nokurasa Kazhinji sezvo chokupedzisira.

Zviri nyore kuita. Kuti aite izvi, haufaniri chete kubatanidza waya kuti router kunyaradzana uye kupinda murayiro iri utariri kunyaradzana: Router # vadzime startup-config. Zvino: Reload. The router iri itangezve mushure iwe restart kuti config achava zvachose akachena.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Cisco Reset runodiwa kashoma. Zvisinei, imwe chikonzero kana mumwe zvichiri zvakakodzera kuita. Nesuwo tinofanira kukanganwa pashure kupora Kurongwa kudzokera ukoshi remazita murayiro: config-remazita 0x2102.

Kana kuponesa configuration

Nokuti chero samambure zvokushandisa, kusanganisira Cisco, kuti panovira - ichi hachisi zvose. Tinofanirawo kuva kuponesa chii yakatogadzirwa, kureva ndiponese kuchinja.

The routers kubva Cisco, pane mhando mbiri kuchengetedza:

• ndangariro mudziyo;
• mune dzisiri akadaro kuyeukwa Homepage.

Chokutanga mhando zvakanyorwa zvose anogadzirwa mukufamba kuchinja, asi kana iwe restart zvokushandisa vari vakarasika, uye vachaitwa booted pamwe pazviruva kubva kutanga ndangariro. Zvisinei, Cisco midziyo rakagadzirwa nenzira zvakananga kuchinja kuti startup configuration hazvibviri. Kuti aponese kuchinja vose vasiri kugadzikana ndangariro, zvinokosha kuita zvinotevera:

1. Kutevedzera kuitika pazvinoitwa pokutangira chikwata: #copy kumhanya-config startup-config.
2. Kutevedzera ano zviruva kuna ftp-Server murayiro: #copy vachimhanya-config tftp: // Server zita.

Third-party purogiramu kugadzira Cisco

For Cisco midziyo kuchinja kunogona kuitika nyore uye dzichimhanya kana ukashandisa kuti chinangwa ichi zvirongwa chinokosha. Zvisinei, zviri nani nyaya kuravidza: kwakarungwa sysadmins midzi yayo kunyaradzana inowanikwa, uye hapana simba zvakasikwa kuti kubvarura navo kubva pairi.

Vamwe chete, kunyanya beginners, inogona kurumbidzwa kukopa zvimwe zvikumbiro anogona kuderedza basa rakamiswa midziyo Cisco:

1. Chokutanga dzose Windows Ezvemutauro - Hyper Terminal chirongwa. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura shanduro Windows, haisi yaipiwa sezvo pomureza. Kuisa Hyper Terminal, sarudza "Mawindo zvinoumba" uye zvadaro kuwana chinhu "Accessories uye Utilities mafomu" uye tinya chidzitiro bhatani "Kuronga". Next, unofanira kuwana chinhu "Kukurukurirana" uye zvadaro tinya "Kuronga" uye maka Hyper Terminal chirongwa Checkbox.
2. Putty - iri freeware fomu Windows uye Linux, munhu akanaka akanaka inouraya emulator. Iye akafarirwa venhaka zhinji hurongwa.
3. Cisco mudziyo Connections Program - a kushandiswa purogiramu rakamiswa uye inotungamirwa network Cisco, maitiro ayo chaizvo. Saka, ine zvizere zana muzana kugarisana pamwe Cisco zvokushandisa zvose. Wokutanga Cisco mudziyo Connections Program iri papi sezvo kushanda chakatorwa kuti ruzivo User anoda kuvaka richikurukura hukuru diki mukati chiduku bhizimisi kana musha akamboona.
4. A Chirongwa akanaka - analogue Putty - musi Linux Minicom anogona kunzi sezvo pasuru.

Graphic configuration inowanikwa

Chokwadi, basa rinorayira kubva chinouraya - ane basa dzingafarirwa kwete ose user. A-software chechitatu-party anofanira kutorwa, dzimwe nguva haana kusununguka. Zvisinei, pane mukana anosanganisira graphical inowanikwa zvakananga padandemutande mubrowser. Kuti aite izvi, vanofanira kutanga kuisa chaiyo Java module, rinogona kutorwa kubva pamutemo Java Website. The module anonzi Jre. Mukuwedzera, runodiwa SDM chikumbiro - unogona kuiswa vaviri nomusi router pachayo, uye pamusoro uchishandisa hurongwa.

Next, unofanira kuisa Permissions ari mubrowser kuratidza pop-nemateru kumhanya tichishingaira kugutsikana.

Panongotanga pakutanga SDM, unofanira kutyaira pre-vakasarudzwa IP-kero vlan1 pachiteshi. Zvinonzi Dzakamukurudzirawo kubvisa cheki bhokisi pedyo https kuzvipedza.

Mushure vachisundira kutanga bhatani ane nhaurirano bhokisi vachaonekwa, izvo vanofanira kupinda boka pasiwedhi-Login. Kana zvose wakapinda nemazvo - vachange vachishanda hwindo SDM chirongwa vachimhanya zvakananga mubrowser.

Rakamiswa womuenzaniso mutsetse Linksys

Kana mushandisi angosimuka ari router kubva Linksys womuenzaniso mutsetse, basa rakamiswa ari graphical masango ari nyore zvikuru. Pashure kubatana zvakakwana kutaipa ari kero pakapuranga pamusoro Browser: 192.168.1.1. Zvino dzakatakura pazviruva hwindo iri graphical nzira.

First unofanira pakarepo kushandura password uye login kuti default goho se: admin - arun. Izvi zvinoitwa pashure yezwi iri Administration Tab. In Tab ichi, unogona kuita kuchengeterwa negadziriro yeparutivi Kurongwa.

Next unofanira kuenda Wireless - Basic Wireless Setup, mune Tab ichi kuisa pazviruva kusvika Chinyorwa (Manual). Sezvo chakavanzika kiyi inowanzoshandiswa Serial nhamba mudziyo.

Zvazvinosarira chete kusarudza mhando Indaneti ari runoenzanirana mbiru kutyaira ezvinhu kuti vanopa zvatinoda.

pasiwedhi Kurongwa namano

In mhedziso, zvinokosha kuziva kuti venhaka zhinji ezvinhu regai anoshanda pakavanda nokuda mavara echivande ako airemekedza. Uye pasina, nekuti kana hakugumiri parameter "pasiwedhi" mumwe chete kana kusika munhu pasiwedhi, ipapo zvinogona zvinobudirira "Kubatanidza" pakati snmp uye pangozi kuchengeteka yose yezvinhu. Ndokusaka pachii kushanda neropafadzo kushandiswa parameter «chakavanzika». Nyaya iripo ndeyokuti kana tikashandisa parameter «pasiwedhi», kuti pasiwedhi hunowanikwa mune pachena config faira, uye kana pfuma parameter «muchivande», kuti pasiwedhi zvichabviswa encrypted.

Mukupera nyaya, murayiro yokugadza pasiwedhi encryption anofanira kutarira chinhu chakafanana zvinotevera: Router (config) #enable chakavanzika Pass , apo Pass raanotaura password. Izvi zvinopa pasiwedhi nokuda kwenguva muoti neropafadzo.

Zvichienderana chaizvo muenzaniso wacho Cisco zvokushandisa, Tuning Hardware uye Software unogona siyana, asi kazhinji, mufananidzo anotarisa chaizvo zvatsanangurwa pamusoro.