Classicism: tsananguro. Classicism mumabhuku

Classicism akazviratidza European uri remakore rechi17. Waivapo, nguva dzose Virtual, kusvikira remakore rechi19. Panguva iyi, mirayiridzo kwapfuura nzendo dzakawanda:

• Early classicism.
• Strict classicism.
• High classicism (umambo).

Kutsunga venguva mapurani pakutanga hanya, asi gare gare zvakakanganisa nokure mabhuku, kupenda, chivezwa nezvimwe unyanzvi kufamba. Style ichi kwakatsiva vachivhaira uye pretentious Rococo uye Empire, akavapindurawo, chikatsiviwa eclecticism, kunyange kupfuura nyoro uye nyore.

akitekicha

Kutsunga venguva mapurani akaita achinyanya pahwaro nevamwe zviri ezvivako, yokupararira mubatanidzwa chena dzomutambo uye vakagwinya mavara, zvakadai sendarama, pink, nematsvukutsvuku zvitema, mutema, nekabhunakeri. Line mu classicism zvinoita basa rinokosha. Vane yakaomarara, wakadzokororwa chishongo neumwe pandaida uye kakawanda, pamadziro uye nezvimwewo zvinhu zviri zvakafanana, ichibata muenzaniso muchidimbu.

Unoumba zvakajeka, verengeka, geometric. Tikwanise kufara nemamiriro okunze - ndiye simba, kudzikama, akakura, geometric.

The maitiro zviri mapurani

Dzakasiyana zvinhu uye zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuzivikanwa maumbirwo manyorerwo ichi: Bhanabhasi-reliefs, medallions nokudhindwa denderedzwa, pasina kunyanya kunzwisisa, zvinogona akatasva pedenga zvivezwa. In nzvimbo design, uyewo magadzirirwe tenuka vachivhura dzenhoroondo yeraundi uye muvharanda. mbiru Large, kwete chechetere. The pilasters havasi kunzwisisa uye havana zvakare dzemaoresa. Kazhinji yo wokugadzira - kwakasara uye zvine mwero yakarongedzwa. Kazhinji pane zvidhori zvivako vakavakomberedza uye, mapindu uye menyika. Mapatani akafanana avo chikonzero kuti zvenhaka. Izvi zvine musoro, yandakapiwa dzekare manyorerwo hwakabuda dzakananga nzvimbo Renaissance. Nokuti mukuru classicism (Empire), izvo zvinogona agamuchirwa France paitonga Napoleon I, dzinoratidzwa vavariro zvechiuto ari kushongedzwa, Logos, zviratidzo uye zvimwe zviratidzo simba.

The yakarurama kwazvo tsanangudzo dzekare nyaya mabasa akawanda ezvivako akadai Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Inigo Dzhons, Andrea Palladio. Wekumusoro randinenge Zvivako: Villa rotunda, Osterley Park, tsika revarwi vairinda raibhurari Fleming.

patani

Kutsunga classicism pamasikiro neve maitiro zvinhu pasi apa. Huru mavara: tsvukuruka, chena, vachena. Lines vanowanzotevedzera kutungamirira matemo zhinji, maruva mano. Geometric zvitarisiko: cubes, rectangles, parallelepipeds. Kazhinji kune porticos, mbiru, muvharanda. Mahwindo vari rectangular, elongated kumusoro, yakamanikana uye yakakwirira. Mikova zvakare rectangular, yakamanikana uye varefu, mune hombe portal, kazhinji mukoko. Mamirire zvinhu - mbiru, zvivezwa, friezes, motifs yekare, spiers, shongwe. Nevamwe zvinhu - nehasha, nyore uye runako yose. Pahwaro maitiro aya yatova zvichiita kupa tsanangudzo zvidavado.

Classicism pamasikiro zvikuru kwazvo kumiririrwa mu mabasa Scot Robert Adam, uyo, zvisinei, kumuziva zvikuru chairwo, yaakanga kakawanda nekutambudzwa nevamwe vake vomuzuva. Asi vakakwirira nguva nechido wokurera omukati ayo, izvo chaizvo kwete vakaderera zvokushamisira uye akanaka pamusoro Rococo. Adam zvakajeka disclaims chero zvinhu kuti kuridza chete aesthetic basa, kwete kutakura chinhu dzichipfekeka mutoro.

Typical patani zvinhu

Furniture zvidavado ichi mukati High-unhu, Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye chinzvimbo, zvachose kutaura pamusoro nzvimbo muridzi munharaunda, asi kwete "kupopota" nezvazvo. Zvinonzi zvakaitwa namatanda yakanaka. Ndivo zvose nguva mufashoni mune menyika. Mahogany pamwe pedza yendarira kwazova zvikuru nevanhu. It rava dzakakurumbira uye kusimbisa huni magadzirirwo, aiwanzoshandisa wakavezwa ukomba uye inoisa pamusoro siyana zvinhu fanicha uye masvingo. The Decor yakaitwa zvinhu zvinodhura, asi nyore. Rwonzi zvava zvakananga, chimiro - nyore. Makumbo Furniture akanga akarurama, pasi pose - zvikuru kunyange. Nemicheka uyewo kudhura: vherevheti, satin. Vanowanzoororwa yakashongedzwa maruva mapatani. Chandeliers uye chiedza Fixtures anoenderana tsanangudzo classicism, hombe, asi yakashongedzwa sekristaro pendants. The mukati ari yakawanda porcelain, nezvionioni, sekristaro, girazi.

World mabhuku

Fransua De Malherbe akava wokutanga kushandisa zviri dzekare manyorerwo mumabhuku. Kuziva gwara munzvimbo iyi inogona kupiwa maererano wokufananidzira canons, hwakagadzirwa yakakurumbira wokuFrance. Panguva iyi, ayo nhamba yakasvika Genres vamba zvakadai risingadiwi somunhu ngano, satire uye Comedy. The huru vavariro nemabasa inoshamisa munguva yakanga kurwisana pakati manzwiro chomukati uye zvido wacho uye ake mumagariro basa. Nokuti prose kwese romanization, kushandiswa nemarongerwo.

Kutaura zvazviri, kupangidza zvose pfungwa Kujekerwa akava classicism mune mabhuku. Zvaraireva anogona kupiwa papfungwa mabasa Voltaire. Akasika mabasa ari makirisito mutengo kuti chinomiririra akasununguka murume nemanzwiro ake uye zvakaitika. Misoro Religious tinokanganwa kupinda necheseri. Uyezve, mune dzimwe mabasa, iye kunyange achitsoropodzwa.

Chinangwa mabhuku zvidavado ichi - kuvandudzika kwenyika, kuchinja kuti nani, kugadzirisa uye nokubatanidzwazve maererano nemitemo chekare.

Russian mabhuku

In mabhuku Russian, classicism vakauya Lomonosov. Akakurukura dzidziso "zvitaera vatatu", waiva ingangova yakatorwa mitemo Malerba. Mabasa anoenderana tsanangudzo classicism mumabhuku Russian akasika Fonvizin, Kantemir, Lomonosov, Derzhavin uye zvakakodzera.

Sezvinoita European, Russian classicism yakatanga pasi pokudzora pfungwa Kujekerwa. Kuenzana uye gutsaruzhinji dzinoiswa pakutanga. Vanhu munhu yave kunyimwa yakananga uye munhu maitiro, uye rinomiririra kutaridza zvachose zvinhu embody chero munzanga kana pakunamata mauto.

mufananidzo

Most dzakakodzera zvakazara pasi tsanangudzo dzekare basa munzvimbo iyi - "The School veAteni" by Raphael. It zvakazara haareururi zvinhu zvose pfungwa iyi kupenda. At chinoumba kuerera pano ari vatevedzere kudzidza uye systematization mabasa nokuda vemifananidzo of Renaissance. Gadzira mabasa ari dzenhoroondo misoro: sei chaiye uye zuva nezuva uye rengano.

RePompeii Kucherwa akabatsira Artists tinyatsoziva chaiwo antiikki okugadzira zvinhu. Izvi zvachinja tsanangudzo classicism iri mifananidzo, akafemera mweya mutsva mukati maro. Fani iyi inozivikanwa se chiNazi classicism munyika dzakawanda pasi pose.