Okugadzira zvinhu A. N. Ostrovskogo anomira Dzinde National mutambo wedu. Fonvizin, Griboyedov uye Gogol akatanga kusikwa mukuru Russian yemitambo. With veMubatanidzwa Ostrovsky kuti mitambo, pamwe maruva ake tarenda uye unyanzvi Mutambo yamuka nokuzvikomo itsva. Ndosaka imwe mutsoropodzi Odoyevski yakati kuti kuna Ostrovsky mumabhuku Russian vaiva 3 chete mumutambo: "Oaf", "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" uye "Inspector". Play "kusauka" akatumidza wechina, vachisimbisa kuti ndiro yokupedzisira vasisina repakona pamusoro izvo zvichashandiswa chakavakwa "chivakwa" vakuru yeRussian yemitambo.
Kubva "kusauka" kuti "Storm"
Hongu, ndizvo ne mutambo "vanhu vake - vakaverengwa" (zita "kusauka" wechipiri) anotanga yakafara mukurumbira Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, munyori wemitambo, vakabatana okugadzira zvinhu uye nounyanzvi pakanatsiridzwa yakanakisisa kutsika chikoro "rwokuzvarwa" - iri socio-nepfungwa uye satirical. Kuva "Columbus Zamoskvorechye," akaratidza kuti nyika kusvikira asingazivikanwi stratum upenyu Russian - Zvichakadaro uye vatengesi zviduku uye zviduku bourgeoisie, akaratidza ake kuzivikanwa aratidzwe, senyanga simba, akajeka vanhu uye kwakakwidibira chinorwadza kwenyika vachitenga uye kutengesa, unyengeri, kushaya mukuru nomunhu neururami . Izvi zvakaitika muna 1849. Zvino ake guru rokutanga kutamba munyori anotaura unobatwa rinokosha mhando munhu agozviratidza zvakare uye zvakare, kubva Samson Silych Big Titus Titych Bruskova kubva "In chinoshamisa mabiko hangover" uye ipapo Marfe Ignatevne Kabanovoy uye Savely Prokopievich Wild kubva "The Storm" - mhando mudzvinyiriri rinonzi chaizvo zvakarurama uye zvakajeka uye akaburuka, nemhaka munyori wemitambo, muupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva kutaura. Pasi muchikwata ichi ndivo akakodzera vanhu chibharo zvachose pfungwa uye tsika, dzemunharaunda yetsika zviri coexistence kwevanhu. "Samodurov upenyu Russian" ainzi mutsoropodzi Dobrolyubov Wild uye Kabaniha yokumiririra "umambo rima" mu "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky vake.
Kudzvinyirira somunhu socio-typological chaiyo
Ngationgororei chiitiko ichi zvakanyanya. Sei pane zviduku vadzvinyiriri ari muvanhu? Chekutanga kubva kuziva warwo zvizere uye mhedziso simba, munoenzanisa pamusoro zvido uye zvinofungwa nevamwe rakakwana pane yavo, pfungwa vasingarangwi uye kushayikwa kurwisa kwakaita vakaurayiwa. Naizvozvo kunoratidzwa uye "rima nzvimbo" mu Ostrovsky "maumi". Wildlife uye Kabanova - vakapfuma vaigara mutaundi duku Kalinov, iri pamukova kumahombekombe Volga. Mari kunoita kuti vanzwe ukama kukosha uye kukosha. Ivo kuvapa simba uye - pamusoro pevaranda vake, pamusoro vatorwa, zvimwe ndezvokungotevedzera vanhu ava, uye zvakawanda - pamusoro voruzhinji muguta. "Dark umambo" mu "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky kuti kutya ndechokuti payo inoparadza kana mangles zvishoma kuratidzwa kunyunyuta, chero dzinoitwa rusununguko uye rusununguko. Kudzvinyirira - the pafiripi divi rouranda. Zvakafanana, izvozvo huori zvose "vanatenzi zvoupenyu", uye avo vanovimba navo, Kusvibisa pernicious kwavo kufema zvose mabhora ose oupenyu paruzhinji muRussia. Ndokusaka, nokuda tsanangudzo Dobrolyubova "umambo rima" mu "mabhanan'ana" Ostrovsky uye kwakafanana muchivadzvinyirira.
mutambo kunetsana
Kunzwisisa chokwadi yakadzika, munyori akakwanisa rinoratidza kukosha uye kukosha kwake. Mugore pre-kuchinja 1859 akafadzwa nokuda rwendo kuenda Volga muna 1856-1857. unoitisa kutamba, papera aiziva mumwe mabasa ake yakanakisisa - mutambo waiti "mabhanan'ana". Chii unofadza: chete mwedzi pashure kutamba aitarisira, Kostroma zviitiko sezvo muchiitiko rinozvibereka ari mabhuku basa. Zvinorevei izvi? Nemazvo sei Ndinonzwa uye fembera Alexander kunetsana uye sei zvazviri kunoratidza "umambo rima" iri mutambo "mabhanan'ana".
Ostrovsky hakusi pasina sezvo huru kurwisana akasarudza chikuru pakukakavara upenyu Russian - mumwe kurwisana pakati kuchinja pfungwa, inobva yemadzitateguru tsika yakaumbwa kwemazana emakore uye dzinobva mubvunzo simba, tsika, uye inorambidza rumwe rutivi, uye kuno rumwe - mavambo pavakakumukiraiwo, rokusika uye mupenyu , kukosha kwemunhu pachake kutyora pfungwa, kuenda mberi mune kukura pakunamata. Nekuti haana chete chikara uye Kabaniha embody kuti "umambo rima" iri mutambo "mabhanan'ana". Ostrovsky rinojekesa kuti kuchangotanga ustupnichestvo iye connivance uye kubvuma kuchinja hwakatamisirwa chinzvimbo pakuuraya dzevanhu.
Uzivi "murima umambo"
Kubva mitsetse wokutanga chaiwo kutamba kwedu kuziva akasvimha nezvinhu zviviri: vakasununguka nzvimbo yacho Volga, anoshamisa Vistas, upamhi horizons uye kuchipisa, zvakunoreva mhepo thickened, kunorwadza kutarisira dzimwe zvakohwewa nezvakanga nenyota kuvandudzwa. Vamiririri "umambo rima" mu "Storm" mutambo vakavhunduka cataclysms zvakasikwa, kuvaona somunhu kuratidzwa kwehasha dzaMwari uye kuranga ramangwana zvivi - yakajeka uye zvekufungidzira. Izvi anodzokorora dzose nguva Marfa, Zvisaririra uye Wildlife. On chikumbiro Kuligina vape mari kuti pavakwe mheni Neshamhu vagari nayo mhosva: "nemabhanan'ana of kupiwa sechirango, uye imi, saka-nhingi, Ishe vanoda rechitanhatu kuzvidzivirira." Mubvunzo uyu zvinoratidza zvakajeka uzivi kuti inoomerera vamiririri "rima umambo" mu "Storm" mutambo: haukwanisi kudzivisa nezvaiva kwemazana emakore, havagoni kuenda kundorwa kuda kana chirango kumusoro, kuzvininipisa uye pasi kuramba yetsika nguva yedu. Sezvineiwo pachavo mukuru zviduku vadzvinyiriri Kalinov kwete chete vanofunga kuti izvi zvinhu, asiwo vasingazvioni chete zvakanaka.
Prude pasi achinyepera yokunaka
"Dark umambo" iri kutamba ne A. N. Ostrovskogo "The Storm" vazhinji-mativi. Asi mbiru panzvimbo yokutanga pane dzomusango, uye Kabanov. Marfa, mudzimai portly zvavatengesi, tenzikadzi weimba, shure yakakwirira noruzhowa haaoneki achidira zvinoitika kunyadziswa nezuva kuremekedzwa kwevanhu uye rusununguko rwokusarudza misodzi, anonzi ari mutambo zvakajeka - a prude. About kwaari achiti: "Beggars pakugovana rudo, kuchechi, akabhabhatidzwa nomwoyo wose uye mudzimba kudya kudya, inorodza sesimbi nengura." Mitemo kwokunze kare iye anoedza kuchengetedza zvose, apo kwete kunyanya nehanya kwavo kwomukati kugutsikana. Kabaniha anoziva kuti vaduku vanofanira kuteerera mukuru kunoda kuteerera kumativi bofu. Kana isu vakagovana, Catherine Tikhon pamberi kwake, iye anoita uta patsoka wake uye mwanakomana - mukadzi wake kuomesa zvarairwa vazvibate. Ipapo "Amai haambozvipikisi" uye "Usatarira vakomana 'uye nevamwe vakawanda' zvido." Uye vose varipo vanonyatsoziva kuti farcical ezvinhu, ayo falsity. Marfa chete revels mu basa rayo. A inokosha muchinangwa dambudziko Katerina vakaridza izvozvo hwakashatisa hunhu mwanakomana wake, vanoparadza upenyu hwake mhuri, mweya kupfuura tikabatwa uye akamanikidza Catherine kuti yenhamo danho kubva pamhenderekedzo Volga mugomba rakadzikadzika.
Iri pachinzvimbo chevatatu mutemo
"Dark umambo" mumutambo A. N. Ostrovskogo "mabhanan'ana" - muchivadzvinyirira iri pamusoro kuonekwa. Katerina, kuenzanisa upenyu hwemhuri yake uye mhuri yomurume wake, anoona chinhu musiyano unokosha: pano zvose sokuti "kubva muusungwa." Uye ichokwadi. Kana ukateerera utsinye mitemo mutambo, kana iwe vadzime upfu. Kuligin zvakajeka kuti tsika mu "utsinye." Ndiani akapfuma, ari kuedza varanda varombo kuwedzera masendi dzavo mamiriro. Chete Wild swagger pamusoro novimba pake, Boris: "Muchandipa ini kufadza, saka ndichaipa nhaka!" Asi ndapota zviduku mudzvinyiriri hazvibviri, nokutapwa anotambudzika Boris uye hanzvadzi yake chakafanorongwa. Vacharamba anyadziswa uye atukwa, simba uye kuzvidzivirira. Pane imwe nzira yokubuda? Ko: nhema, Dodge, kwenguva yakareba sezvingabvira. Saka anoita hanzvadzi Tikhon - Varvara. Its mirayiro yetsika zviri nyore: kuita zvaunoda, chero bedzi hapana akaona, zvose "vasonanidza saka akanyarara" raiva. Apo Katerina anoramba isingagoni vakanyengera, asingamborevi nhema, Barbara anomuudza anongoti: "Handizivi sei, asi unofanira kuva - vakadzidza!"
Curly, Barbara nevamwe
Uye kuti kazhinji inomirira vakaurayiwa "umambo rima" naA N. Ostrovskogo Drama "mabhanan'ana"? Ava ndivo vanhu vane wakaputsika upenyu, mhetamakumbo mweya, akakuvadza tsika nyika. The chete Tikhon pachisikigo mhando, munyoro murume. mai anomanikidza vakauraya maari pedzidziso dzekutanga kwake. Haangagoni kurwisa kwake kumanikidzwa, haigoni kurwisa, uye anowana kunyaradzwa chokunwa. Kutsigira mudzimai, kukwira kwake divi, kudzivirira zvemasanga Kabanovskiy mhiri naye, zvakare. Kuchikuchidzirwa mai vake, iye muchadya Katherine, kunyange kuzvidemba. rufu wake chete zvinomuita pachena kupomera mai, asi zviri pachena kuti fiyuzi nokukurumidza achapfuura uye zvose achagara zvakafanana.
Zvikuru chimwe chinhu nomunhurume hunhu - Vanya Kudryash. Kuti mashoko ake haana kukwira, vachirwa shure mumwe uye kunyange "shrill" Wild haadaro kuderedza roughness. Zvisinei, unhu ichi raparadzwa Kuuraya kwaiitika "umambo rima". Curly - kopi Wild, asi haisati kupinda simba, kwete zamaterevshego. Sezvo nguva inopfuura, achava vakakodzera tenzi wake. Barbara, akava murevi wenhema uye kushivirira kushungurudzwa amai, pakupedzisira atiza pamusha. Nhema vanova wake wechipiri hunhu, uye saka heroine rinomutsa tsitsi dzedu uye tsitsi. Nyara Kuligin kashoma anoshinga kuzvidzivirira pamberi cheeky nevadzvinyiriri "umambo rima". Kutaura zvazviri, hapana asi Catherine, zvakare, nenzira, munhu asina zvakakwana pokuoma kurega ichi "umambo" dambudziko.
Sei Catherine?
The chete gamba basa, munhu anowana tsika kutsunga kuti atonge upenyu uye netsika "umambo rima" iri kutamba A. N. Ostrovskogo "mabhanan'ana" ndiye Katerina. Akasununguka wake, nomwoyo wose, kupisa zvinhu asina kufunga, akafuridzira havabvumirwi kushivirira muchivadzvinyirira uye mhirizhonga, gamuchirai zvinosiyana nguva kubva domostroevskih nokuzvibata. Katherine anoda rudo, kunakidzwa noupenyu, nekusangana dzinongoitika manzwiro, ngaawone nyika. Seshiri, iye anoda kubvisa pasi, kubva Kuuraya upenyu uye rinopfungaira kumusoro mudenga. Iye zvechitendero, asi kwete Kabanovskiy. Her rakananga hunhu rinopatsanurwa mukurwisana maviri pakati basa kumurume, rudo Boris uye kuziva nezvivi zvavo pamberi paMwari. Uye izvi zvose zviri zvikuru wose, pakadzika mwoyo. Hongu, Katherine zvakare nedambudziko "umambo rima". Zvisinei, iye akakwanisa kutyora namaketani ake. Akazunungusa nemakore nheyo. Uye ndakakwanisa kutaridzwa goho romumwe - kwete chete rufu rwake, asi kutsutsumwa zvachose.