Decentralization - Chii? Centralization uye decentralization

Russian mamiriro panguva ino Danho huchangotanga ezvinhu vari yaingowanikwa zvachose utsanzi rikurumidze. Zviri determinant yokuti kwaidiwa zvakanaka akavaka mumhuri mutemo, mabasa ehurumende masangano post-Soviet Russia, uyewo pakagadzwa yakananga Vector enyika utariri. Zvikurukuru, zvakakodzera kupindura mubvunzo: "? Decentralization - chii uye chii anosiyana zvayo kubva centralization simba"

Chii pfungwa centralization uye decentralization?

Achitendeukira kuna mazwi, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti centralization uye decentralization management - zvakasiyana pfungwa. Saka, centralization - ndiro wevasungwa simba rose mumaoko sangano rimwe chete. Kubva enyika nemaonero, apo hurumende asingadi kuramba zvose simba mumaoko ake, uye anopa mumwe kukwanisa miviri hurumende dzematunhu, ndizvo decentralization. Chii, kubvumira zvakadzama kuziva nyanzvi mhinduro panyaya.

Two methodological Nzira kuti decentralization simba

To musi, maererano Vardan Baghdasaryan, pane vaviri methodological nzira inokubvumirai kupindura mubvunzo: decentralization - chii. The yose Vhoriyamu administrative simba Kubvuma yakananga nhamba, iyo ichava 100%. Kana vanopfuura 90% simba riri kusimbiswa mumaoko mukuru miviri ehurumende simba uye chete 10% kunopihwa kukwanisa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, zvinganzi nharo kuti chipo mamiriro centralized utariri. Kana chikamu kuparadzira simba riri inversely Proportional, kureva, 90% anoenderana masimba dzomunzvimbo kuzvitonga uye chete 10% kuti hurumende masangano panguva yeUnited uye remunharaunda pamwero, tinogona kutaura chii vakaenda decentralization rikurumidze.

Saka, kutanga methodological nzira kunoita kuti titaure pamusoro Hurumende womuenzaniso - kunyanya decentralization. Mune mamwe manzwi, emwedzi omunzvimbo kuzvitonga hazvigoni kugadziriswa zvakananga pamusoro "pasi". Kuti aite izvi, kuti vanoedza zvinodiwa imwe nzvimbo iri panguva rokumusoro nhengo kuti utariri yomuropa, izvo kazhinji kacho hazvigoni kuitwa.

Kana decentralization paruchaitika muenzaniso wechipiri, izvozvo anowedzera ngozi separatism mukati munyika. Izvi zvinogona kuva chikuru iri kuziva pokuwa munyika statehood.

Chii wakakomberedzwa nezvayakaipira pamusoro decentralization nesimba?

Kwete chete kupindura mubvunzo: "? Decentralization - chii" - zvakakosha kunzwisisa dzinokosha zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira pamusoro kupatsanurwa kwemasimba mashandiro.

1. Kurasikirwa anotambura mari issuance nehurumende. akaipa uyu akagumisa kuti nechepakati zviremera haagoni Kudzikamiswa nomazvo usapinde negwaro. Vamwe masimba hunopiwa kumatunhu ari Russian Federation, kuti zviri vakwane chinokosha mitoro zvemari. Imhaka zvikonzero izvi anoshanda mari Sevamiririri.
2. Kukura muboka revatungamiriri. Decentralization kwesimba - hazvisi chete kuparadzira masimba, asi kunowedzerawo nhamba wehurumende masangano uye machinda, chimwe nechimwe anoita zvakasiyana basa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kunyanya mutemo sezvo mune zvematongerwo bhora uye zvoupfumi uye munzanga bhora.
3. Mukuwedzera, decentralization simba - zviri kuwedzera uori mune yeko. The delimitation simba iri redistribution kwemasimba panguva yomunharaunda chechetere. Yekutarira elites omunharaunda kuuya, nemhaka iyo lobbying zvinofarirwa dzebhizimisi makambani kushandisa pfumbamuromo zviremera, chiokomuhomwe uye zvipo.
4. Opacity simba mumunda. Kana soro hurumende vakuru zvinobudisa mishumo ravo, yeko kuzvitonga kunosiya basa rayo mumimvuri. Vakuru pane yomunharaunda pachiyero, anotarisira mabasa nhau, saka basa zviremera kuti ruzhinji anokuvadza divi hazvibviri.

Pasinei nokuti decentralization simba Russia iri nematambudziko akawanda, mashandiro ichi ane vanoverengeka zvakanakira mikana hadzisi kuzadzika.

Kubvuma sanduko MSU

Hurumende Local vari nani achiziva pamusoro huripo matambudziko munharaunda imwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinoita kuitwa kusanduka mhinduro kugadzirisa zvichiitika ezvinhu. Zvisinei, nokuda kwokushayiwa zvakakodzera enyika uye zvoupfumi incentives maitiro haashandi.

Kukwikwidza nevatongi MSU

Chimwe chikuru mukana decentralization iri yoga makwikwi pakati nevatongi siyana. Zvisinei, nokuti kuti chete nzvimbo zvoupfumi mukati Russian Federation harisi, ari mamiriro pane yakaderera basa mufambo, basa uye Rwako zvemari.

Mutoro yeko

Basa hurumende nevanovhota. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yeko sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira kuvanhu, vanoziva zvavanoda uye matambudziko. Saka, mabasa vanofanira kuva rakazaruka uye yakajeka. Kutaura zvazviri, muromo nezviremera zvomunzvimbo - ndivo vamiririri omunzvimbo elites, vanosarudza kusiya mumumvuri basa ravo, nokudaro achivanza zvevhiki mabasa vechokwadi.

Macheki uye zviyero

Dzivisa usurpation simba achibvumira Proportional centralization uye decentralization, zvinoreva yakaoma kupatsanurwa kwemasimba 50/50. Zvisinei, nokuti zvinobudirira kushanda mashandiro zvakafanira kudzora unyanzvi masangano. On mundima Russian Federation, tsika iyi simba, hazvina haibvumiri zvakakodzera rokudzora kuita mubatirapamwe pakati akasiyana siyana ehurumende.

Centralization uye decentralization kwesimba - nyaya kuti chinonyanya kushanda nanhasi pamusoro munharaunda Russia. nomazvo kuparadzirwa kwemasimba pakati siyana zvomukati weHurumende simba siyana chete kuti tidzivise zvazvakashatira kugona Kusiyanisa mashandiro uye ndoziva mikana.