EDS - chii here? Digital siginicha: ane mirayiridzo beginners

Electronic siginicha - munhu akarongeka kaavio kuratidza nderechokwadi mameseji kana magwaro. A seanoshanda digitaalinen siginicha anopa chikonzero chiri chose chokudavira kuti mugamuchiri kuti shoko akasikwa chinozivikanwa yatumira, chaizvoizvo akatuma (authentication uye rakavimbika), uyewo kuti tsamba haina kushanduka panguva yedzimudzangara (kuperera).

Pakupindura mubvunzo: "EDS - chii" - zvinokosha kuziva kuti digitaalinen vakasaina vari mureza kuchiitwa zvikuru cryptographic seti protocols uye dzinowanzoshandiswa nokuda-software kugoverwa, mari kwema, uyewo dzimwe nguva zhinji kana zvakakosha kuziva chitsotsi kana falsification.

Digital vakasaina anowanzoshandiswa kuzadzisa zvemagetsi vakasaina. Uyu musoro wakakura izwi rinoreva chero mhando zvigadzirwa mashoko. Zvisinei, kwete yose yemagetsi siginicha iri digitaalinen.

Digital vakasaina vanoshandisa asymmetric cryptography. Kakawanda, anopa pamwero ongororo uye kuchengeteka nokuda mashoko yakatumirwa pamusoro ane vasina gwara. Kana zvakanaka chinozoiswa, kuti-digital siginicha kunoratidza kuti shoko wakatumwa kushandisa aizviti yatumira. Digital kudhinda uye zvikamu zviri yakaenzana zvokukopa vakasaina uye chaidzo kudhinda.

EDS - chii here?

Digital vakasaina akafanana zvetsika zvokukopa vakasaina munzira dzakawanda, vachiri zvakaoma kusimbisa pane zvokunyorwa nemaoko. Digital siginicha Zvirongwa zviri cryptographic framework uye zvinofanira kuitwa zvakanaka kudzivisa kurasikirwa kunyatsoshanda. Kusaina gwaro pamwe digitaalinen siginicha? Unofanira kushandisa 2 yegwara ari crypto kiyi.

EDS kunogonawo kushandisa nheyo asiri kuramba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu rinotengeswa nevaridzi haagoni kubudirira nharo kuti haana nemasaini shoko. Uyezve, zvimwe zvirongwa zvinopa nguva chitambi kune digital siginicha, uye kunyange kana private Chinokosha pachena, kuti siginicha ndehwechokwadi. Electronic siginicha kunogona achimiririrwa zvishoma tambo, uye zvinogona kushandiswa e-mail, makondirakiti kana shoko akatuma Via chero cryptographic Protocol.

Public-huru cryptography kana digitaalinen siginicha mamiriro

Chii? The digitaalinen siginicha zano zvinosanganisira algorithms matatu panguva imwe chete.

anokosha urwu algorithm kuti anosarudza pakavanda kiyi uye noruvara pavaidira kubva muzvizhinji pangava kukwana. Anopa chakavanzika kiyi uye kuenda naye vakasununguka peya.

Signature algorithm kuti, vakapiwa shoko uye kiyi voga kuti chaizvoizvo zvinowanisa ari siginicha.

Signature ongororo algorithm, izvo anofunga shoko, ruzhinji kiyi uye siginicha uye anogamuchira kana anoramba kutumira shoko, kusarudza nderechokwadi.

How hwokugadza electronic siginicha?

Kuti ushandise digital siginicha, unofanira kuzvipa dzinokosha ehupfumi maviri. Chii chaunofanira kufunga usati gwaro pamwe digitaalinen siginicha?

Chekutanga, nepakatanga siginicha kwakaita kubva wakaiswa mashoko uye muchivande kiyi inogona achasimbiswa kushandisa runoenzanirana ruzivo ruzhinji.

Chechipiri, unofanira kuva computationally infeasible kusarudza zvakarurama siginicha pasina kuziva zvakavanzika kiyi. EDS ndiye authentication mashandiro unobvumira musiki namagwatidziro batanidza bumbiro kuti anoita somunhu siginicha.

Kushandiswa digitaalinen vakasaina

Sezvo masangano nhasi vari kutamira kure bepa anotsanangura mapepa vane zvikamu, akaita neingi siginicha anogona kupa zvimwe muve nderechokwadi uye uchapupu hwokuti rakanyorwa, ndivanaani uye mamiriro racho. Uyezve, mashoko digitaalinen siginicha angava nzira achisimbisa omuzvarirwo uye akabvumirwa signatory. Saka, electronic siginicha vanhu - zviitike.

authentication

Pasinei nokuti tsamba zvingasanganisira mashoko hwakadzama kuti hazviiti nguva yakavimbika kuziva yatumira. Digital vakasaina zvinogona kushandiswa tsvagurudza kwaibva mashoko. Kana chakavanzika chikuru siginicha hwakasungirirwa chairo User, ichi zvinopupurira kuti shoko rakatumirwa kwavari. The kukosha chivimbo kuti yatumira zvechokwadi, kunonyanya kuoneka mune zvekutepfenyura zvemari.

kuvimbika

In zviitiko zvizhinji, yatumira uye kugamuchira shoko vanofanira kuva zvinonyatsochengeta nokusimbisa kuti harina kuchinjwa mumakore hutachiwana. Kunyange zvazvo encryption rinomuvanza zviri vakatumira chinhu, zvinokwanisika kusandura chete encrypted mashoko pasina kunzwisisa zvarinoreva. Vamwe encryption algorithms vanokwanisa kudzivisa izvi, asi kwete nguva dzose. Chero zvazvingava, bvunza yemagetsi siginicha mu achiongorora zvaive tsamba anoona kutyora akaperera.

Zvisinei, kana shoko iri digitally akasaina, shanduko chero maari pashure kusaina kushayiwe simba siginicha. Uyezve, hapana nzira inobudirira kushandura shoko uye vaunze imwe itsva ine musoro siginicha, nokuti vaiona kuti computationally infeasible.

Non-kuramba

Non-kuramba kana kuti hazvibviri kuramba tsamba mavambo chinhu chinokosha kukura zvemagetsi siginicha. Chii? Izvi zvinoreva kuti repamutemo, kutumira mamwe mashoko haagoni papera kuzviramba kuti ndarisaina. Saizvozvowo, kuwana kuruzhinji kiyi haabvumiri nemhomho kusimbisa musoro siginicha. It anotakura chete yakaipa uye kushandisa zvigadzirwa siginicha kuti vanhu.

Zvinofanira omerera chokwadi kuti vose ehupfumi ose nderechokwadi, kuvimbika, etc. It zvinoenderana akavanzika kiyi, izvo hazvifaniri kutorwa asati kushandiswa kwayo. Public makiyi zvinofanira repealed vari vaviri pamwe chakavanzika pashure kushandiswa. Pakuongorora siginicha panhau "Review" kuenda kune chimwe mubvunzo.

Kupinda chakavanzika kiyi iri pakadhi akachenjera

Ose cryptosystems kuti ushande panheyo kushandisa kiyi / paruzhinji private, zvachose yakazvimirira Data zviri pakavanda. EDS chakavanzika kiyi inogona kuchengetwa pamusoro kombiyuta yacho rokushandisa, uye kudzivirirwa nevanhu munharaunda password. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine zvainovhiringidzawo maviri:

• inodzidzisa anogona kusaina magwaro pamusoro iyoyo chaiyo kombiyuta chete;
• private anokosha kuchengeteka kunobva zvachose kuchengetedzwa kombiyuta yako.

A yakawanda yakavimbika nzira kuchengeta pakavanda kiyi - the ngwara kadhi. Makadhi akangwara Vakawanda anodzivirirwa kunze komutemo chipingaidzo.

Kazhinji, inodzidzisa anofanira Activate kadhi rake akangwara nokupinda pachako kuzivikanwa nhamba iri kana kuti PIN-bumbiro (richipa maviri-chinhu authentication). It dzinogona kurongwa kuti private kiyi kumbobvira anosiya akangwara kadhi, kunyange zvazvo izvi haisi nguva dzose akaziva muna CryptoPro EDS.

Kana akangwara kadhi iri zvakabiwa, zvebhinya kuti achiri kuda kuti PIN-remitemo kuumba digital siginicha. Izvi zvinoderedza zvishoma kuchengetedzwa zano iri. Mitigating ndechokuti vanowanika makiyi, kana akachengetwa pamusoro akangwara makadhi, sezvinoita mutemo, zvakaoma kuti kutevedzera zvinofungirwa kuti zviripo chete mune bhuku rimwe. Saka, kana akangwara kadhi kurasikirwa ari kuona muridzi, gwaro inogona yakabviswa pakarepo. Private makiyi vanodzivirirwa bedzi software, zviri nyore kutevedzera, uye idonhe vakadaro zvokuvapfuura kuziva. Naizvozvo, kushandisa zvigadzirwa siginicha pasina okuwedzera chinodzivirira kuchengeteka.