Energy - ndiye ... zvinogona uye kinetic simba. Ndeipi simba iri wefizikisi?

Energy - izvi kuitira kuti hapana upenyu chete yedu, asiwo muchadenga. Panguva iyoyo zvinogona zvakasiyana chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, kupisa, ruzha, chiedza, magetsi, microwaves, macalorie ndiwo marudzi akasiyana simba. Nokuti zvose kwemasayendisiti kuitika yakatipota, zvakakodzera fuma iyi. Vazhinji simba zvose panyika anogamuchira kubva zuva, asi pane zvimwe zvinhu nawo. The zuva anotumira ayo nyika sezvo zvikuru sezvo kuti kugadzirwa panguva imwechete mamiriyoni 100 vari simba simba kupfuura.

Chii chinonzi simba?

Fungidziro kuisa mberi Albertom Eynshteynom, tikadzidza ukama kwenyaya uye simba. musayendisiti chikuru ichi akakwanisa aratidze kukwanisa kuchinja fuma kune mumwe. Zvakazozivikanwa kuti simba iri chinhu chinokosha kuvapo miviri, uye nyaya yechipiri.

Energy - ndiko, uye makuru, kukwanisa kuita basa. Zvakanga iye anomira seri pfungwa yokuti simba anokwanisa pokuenda muviri kana kuzvipa ehupfumi itsva. Ko shoko rokuti "simba"? Physics - icho sainzi zvikuru, uyo vakazvipira upenyu hwake, masayendisiti akawanda akasiyana eras uye nyika. Aristotle akashandisa shoko rokuti "simba" kureva mabasa evanhu. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki "simba" - ichi "basa", "simba", "chiito", "simba". kokutanga shoko rinowanikwa bhuku iri nyanzvi yechiGiriki inonzi "Physics".

Munguva kwakajairika Mupfungwa, ratova izwi kwave akaumba mashoko okuti Chirungu yefizikisi Thomas Young. chiitiko ichi chinokosha chakaitika munyika kure 1807. Muna 50-ies ose XIX remakore. Chirungu injiniya Uilyam Tomson kutanga kushandiswa shoko rokuti "kinetic engergiya", uye muna 1853 wokuScotland yefizikisi Uilyam Renkin rokuti "zvinogona simba".

Nhasi, ichi chinhu scalar kwazvo kuripo munzvimbo dzese wefizikisi. It vanowanzochema nechiyero zvakasiyana siyana rwokufamba kwokukurukurirana kwenyaya. Mune mamwe manzwi, ndiye chiyero kutendeuka fomu mumwe.

Zvidzidzo uye zviratidzo

Huwandu simba unotaurwa joules (J). Ichi chikwata inokosha, zvichienderana norudzi simba anogona kuva mazita akasiyana, yakadai se:

• W - zvachose simba wegadziriro.
• Q - kupisa.
• U - zvinogona.

mhando simba

Zvakasikwa, kune marudzi akawanda akasiyana simba. The zvihombe ndiwo:

• zvemaziso;
• remagetsi;
• yemagetsi;
• mushonga;
• chafariz;
• yenyukireya (mabhomba).

Kune mamwe marudzi simba: chiedza, ruzha, rinobva. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhamba iri kuwedzera yefizikisi, masayendisiti vanowanzomuitira pfungwa ariko vanonzi "rima" simba. Mumwe nomumwe pamusoro mhando fuma iyi ine maitiro ayo. Somuenzaniso, kurira simba anokwanisa kutapukira pachishandiswa nemafungu. Ivo pave panowanikwa vibration eardrum mune nzeve vanhu nemhuka, kuburikidza paunogona kunzwa. Nokufamba siyana nemakemikari kusunungura simba inodiwa upenyu zvipenyu zvose. Chero mafuta, zvokudya zvinogadzirwa, mabhatiri, mabhatiri vari kuchengetera simba iri.

chiedza chedu anopa nyika simba iri muchimiro remagetsi nemafungu. The chete nzira iye anogona kukunda Nokuwanda kwakaita pezvakasikwa. Nemhaka yazvino, zvakadai zuva ukomba, tinogona kuishandisa zvinobudirira zvikuru. Zvakawandisa tsva simba anochengeterwa chaiyo energohranilischah. Pamwe chete apa marudzi simba anowanzoshandiswa chafariz zvitubu, nzizi, Maze mugungwa, biofuels.

zvokuimba simba

Izvi rworudzi simba iri kudzidzwa pane davi wefizikisi rinonzi "hurongwa". It runotaurwa netsamba kuyerwa E. arimo kuitwa joules (J). Chii simba ichi? Physics Zvidzidzo hurongwa inofamba miviri uye kudyidzana kwavo pamwe chete kana nechitarisiko minda. The simba nokuda inofamba miviri, rinonzi kinetic (runotaurwa Ek), uye simba nokuda kukurukurirana miviri kana zvimwewo minda, inonzi dzingangoitika (E). Huwandu rwokufamba nekuita ndiyo yose zvokuimba simba wegadziriro.

Nokuti kukarukureta vaviri kwemarudzi pane Kazhinji. Kuti huwandu simba zvakakodzera kuverenga basa zvinodiwa shanduro muviri kubva razero ehurumende kuti chipo mamiriro. Mukuru basa, zvikuru simba achava muviri mamiriro ichi.

Unbundling zviratidzo zvakasiyana

Kune mhando wandei simba weboka. On zvakasiyana chikonzero rakakamurwa: zvokunze (kinetic uye zvinogona) uye dzimwe (zvemaziso, chafariz, remagetsi, zvenyukireya, giravhiti). Remagetsi simba iri uyewo rakakamurwa rinobva uye yemagetsi uye yenyukireya - simba simba uye simba mukukurukurirana.

kinetic

Chero zvinofamba muviri kusiyaniswa pamberi kinetic simba. Unowanzonzi - uchityaira. simba dzomuviri zvinofamba, yaenda apo kuderera. Nokudaro, nokukurumidza nokukurumidza, zvikuru kinetic simba.

Pamusoro kuonana of kutamira muviri kuti mira chinhu zvitange okupedzisira kinetic simba, uye anotungamirira nayo munyika zvitange. Kinetic simba fomura iri sezvinotevera:

• E _kuti = mv ^2: 2,
  apo M - mukanyiwa muviri, ndima - kukurumidza kufamba muviri.

Mumashoko mutoo uyu kungaratidzwa sezvinotevera: zviri kinetic nesimba chinhu akaenzana hafu chigadzirwa yawo uremu uye mativi aro velocity.

goneko

mhando iyi simba vane muviri, izvo zviri chero mumunda simba. Nokudaro, rinobva chinovapo kana chinhu chiri pasi pokudzora munhu remagineti. mitumbi yose pasi, zvinogona rinokweva simba.

Zvichienderana kudzidza zvivako zvinhu ivo vangava siyana zvinogona simba. Saka, vakashinga uye kwakavharwa nenyama muviri iyo vanokwanisa tatamuka vane kwakavharwa nenyama zvinogona simba kana kusawirirana. Chero kuwa muviri, iyo yave kare wakaiswa, anorasikirwa zvinogona uye anowana kinetic simba. Kukosha izvi kwemarudzi maviri ichava noenderana. Mumunda redu rinokweva zvinogona simba payakavakirwa achava sezvinotevera:

• E _n = mhg,
  apo M - muviri uremu; H - kureba musimboti body mass pamusoro razero chechetere; d - kumhanyisa regiravhiti.

Mumashoko mutoo uyu kungaratidzwa sezvinotevera: dzingangoitika nesimba chinhu kuti interacts pamwe Earth, ndiye chigadzirwa chayo vakawanda, kumhanyisa nokuda giravhiti nekukwirira panguva iyo riri.

Ichi scalar kwazvo ndiye anozivikanwa simba kuchengeterwa zvinhu pfungwa (muviri), iri zvinogona mumunda simba uye kuripa kuwana kinetic simba kuburikidza nebasa mumunda simba. Dzimwe nguva anonzi Zvaiitwa Coordonatele, unova izwi iri langranzhiane system (Lagrange simba hurongwa shanda). ino inotsanangura kudyidzana kwavo.

The zvinogona simba kwaenzaniswa kune razero vamwe configurations mitumbi dzinongoda mune nzvimbo. Configurable akasarudza nyore kwohumwe Masvomhu uye anonzi "normalization pamusoro zvinogona simba."

Mutemo simba kuchengetedza

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinodavirwa muchitendero wefizikisi ndiwo mutemo kuchengetedza simba. Maererano naye, simba harimuki pasina uye asingauyi kunyangarika. Nguva dzose kunoita kubva fomu mumwe. Nemamwe mashoko, chete simba shanduko kunoitika. Somuenzaniso, makemikari simba ane furashiraiti bhatiri riri dzikwanise magetsi simba, uye pairi - muchiedza uye nokupisa. Various midziyo yemagetsi vari kutendeukira chiedza, kudziya kana inzwi. Kazhinji, tuso kuchinja kupisa uye chiedza. Pashure paizvozvo, simba achipinda akapoteredza nzvimbo.

Energy Act anogona kutsanangura zvakawanda chaiko mananara. Masayendisiti anoti zvachose Vhoriyamu yaro muupenyu zvakasikwa anoramba achitsungirira. Hapana anogona kusika kana kuparadza simba zvakare. Runobereka mumwe ayo siyana, vanhu vanoshandisa mafuta simba kudonha mvura, atomu. Saka imwe rwaro iri dzikwanise mumwe.

Muna 1918, masayendisiti vaigona kuratidza kuti mutemo kuchengetedza simba iri kwemasvomhu zvakaipira translational symmetry nguva - iyo boka richitora mazamu simba tsika. Nemamwe mashoko, simba iri conserved nekuti mitemo wefizikisi regai kumbosiyana dzakasiyana.

simba Features

Energy - ndiwo muviri anogona kuita basa. In up chaiko gadziriro zviri ainawo nguva (kusvikira hurongwa rinovharwa) uye inomiririra mumwe vatatu chirungiso integrals inofamba kuchengetedza kukosha kana uchityaira. Idzi dzinosanganisira: simba, tichimhanya, tichimhanya. Kutanga pfungwa "simba" inobatsira kana mumuviri kwava homogeneous munguva.

The womukati simba miviri

Zvinomirira vakaverenga masimba ari samolecular mukukurukurirana uye chafariz inofamba pakati mamorekuru vanoumba nayo. Hazvigoni kuyerwa zvakananga, nokuti rakasiyana kushanda hurongwa wehurumende. Pose hurongwa ari mamiriro ichi, ayo womukati simba ane tinoberekwa kukosha, zvisinei munhoroondo hurongwa. The shanduko munyika simba ari kuchinja kubva mumuviri ehurumende mumwe anogara kuenzana kusiyana netsika yaro yokupedzisira uye kutanga inoti.

The womukati simba pamusoro gasi

Kuwedzera nezvishoma, magasi uye simba vari. Ndiyo kinetic simba kupisa (anongoitika) inofamba pakati nezvimedu munyika, izvo zvinosanganisira maatomu, mamorekuru, maerekitironi, neerekitironi. The womukati nesimba dzakanakira gasi (gasi kwemasvomhu womuenzaniso) ndiyo vakaverenga kinetic nesimba nezvimedu ayo. Izvi inorangarira nhamba inosiyana rusununguko, unova uwandu kuzvimirira variables, izvo kuona nzvimbo mamorekuru muchadenga.

Kushandiswa simba

Gore negore, vanhu ari unoparadza kuwedzera simba. Kazhinji, kuti vawane simba rinodiwa okuvimba uye muchidziisa dzimba dzedu, motokari uye kushanda zvigadziriswe siyana, akashandisa Zvisaririra Mahydrocarbon zvakadai marasha, mafuta uye gasi. Vane non-renewable kupfuma.

Zvinosuruvarisa chete chiduku chikamu simba anogadzirwa panyika nokushandisa renewable pfuma zvakadai semvura, mhepo uye zuva. To musi, mugove wavo simba riri 5 chete%. Mumwe 3% vanhu vanogamuchira muchimiro simba renyukireya anogadzirwa mune simba renyukireya miti.

Non-renewable zvinhu vane anotevera mumatanda (mu joules)

• renyukireya - 2 x ^{24 October;}
• simba pamusoro gasi uye mafuta - 2 × 10 ^23;
• kudziyisa nechomukati nyika - 5 x ^{20 October.}

Kukosha wegore pamusoro renewable pfuma Earth:

• rezuva simba - 2 x ^{24 October;}
• Wind - 6 X ^{21 October;}
• River - 6.5 × 10 ^19;
• Maze - 2.5 X ^{23 October.}

Chete nenguva achichinja kubva non-renewable simba matura pasi renewable vanhu ane mukana kwenguva refu uye hunofadza pasi redu. Kuti pave yepamusoro kukura masayendisiti munyika yose kuramba Nyatsodzidza ehupfumi siyana simba.