Fugue - chii nziyo dzidziso?

In mumhanzi dzidziso iri yakatarwa yematemu. Asava mutendi mutsva muteereri anogona kukumbira achishamisika: Fugue - chii? Uye nyanzvi vachakuudza kuti ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvemberi siyana polyphonic mumhanzi.

Rakatanga Genre

Kana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti kuti fugue mimhanzi, tsanangudzo uye zvishoma kuva: mutambo, kunobva kuzadziswa musoro akawanda manzwi. Izwi rinobva Italian rokuti "kumhanya." Fugue ari Genre akaberekwa muzana remakore rechi15, apo Vanyori vari kutsvaka munharaunda zvenziyo chimiro uye vanoedza embody dingindira zvakasiyana-siyana kwerima guru. Izvi zvinogoneka mune polyphonic siyana.

Kana uchida kupa mhinduro uwane kuti mubvunzo kuti chii munhu fugue mimhanzi, tsanangudzo yaizova: ichi Genre chimiro hunhu zvikurukuru nokuda Baroque unyanzvi, kana redundancy siyana aiva mifananidzo zvinotaurwa huru. Baba Genre ndiye Alexander Poletti, uyo akasika chimiro inonzi Fugue nhasi.

Chii Genre mimhanzi? Zviri akatara zvakanaka yamunogara wevakadzidza features, vakwana chimiro. Uye akaratidza Poletti ose parameters ose fugue, ayo chikuru chepfungwa ndiyo polyphony. chimiro Izvi yokuita zvose zvakanakisisa kuti rave kutangwa tichitevedzera uye contrapuntal mumhanzi. At mwoyo fugue ndiyo chero pfungwa. Inonzi musoro. Iye fugue agara yakatanga uye muchifumiswa dzakasiyana manzwi, ichi kunoita kuti rethinking enyaya, ayo kukura. Topics siyana kana anoiswa mukati chete pasi. Ndakapedza dingindira asatombotaurwe. Kune zvitatu zvinoumba zvikamu, iyo munamatire fugue.

Chii sezvamunoita? Izvi zvinopindirana mubatanidzwa wezvinhu mune imwe chimiro, achiratidza zvirimo. Fugue zvinosanganisira zvitatu zvinhu zvakadaro: kwamagwaro, budiriro uye mhedziso. The kwamagwaro rinoratidza nyaya iri manzwi zvose, ndicho pokumuka kiyi matsva vachishandisa Category kushanduka. The mhedziso chinokosha dingindira iri tonality, ari mhedziso manzwi ose vave umwe. Kuwedzera zvikamu zvitatu fugues anogona kuwanikwa uye maviri rutivi. Panyaya iyi, kukura unobatanidzwa nemhedziso.

Types polyphonic fugue

In Nemuromo, mumhanzi Vanyori, kufungisisa mubvunzo: "Fugue - kureva kuti," vakagumisa kuti pangava dzakasiyana wandei Genre ichi. The inonyanya fugue - a-chikamu mana. In chimiro ichi nyaya inotanga muna rimwe manzwi, inonzi mutungamiriri, ipapo anodzokorora izwi imitatsionno wechipiri (Satellite) ari yepamusoro matauriro, ipapo sezvo kusiyana anopinda inzwi wechitatu uye inodzokorora mutungamiri, achiteverwa - a simulating chechina Satellite.

More zvisingawanzoitiki vane zviviri, mashanu uye pyatigolosnye fugue. mhando aya akavakawo pamusoro mutungamiri uye kuongorora, asi pane zvakasiyana nouya shinda.

Kuwedzera kwenhamba mavhoti fugue anogona zvinosiyana zvichienderana basa kuenderana. Aiva nenzwi yechipiri kana vave pachako dingindira rako.

Fugue ari Baroque yaitonga

Nguva iyi anova musimboti fugue Genre, akapfuma chimiro chayo rinoenderana nguva chikumbiro. Inozivikanwa mumhanzi theorist Iogann Fuks akanyora bhuku "Matanho Parnassus" umo iye wakarurama chimiro fugue uye akagadzira nzira kudzidzisa unyanzvi kwayo. Anotsanangura basa counterpoint, uye ichi basa kwemakore akawanda vachava inokosha. Saka, Haydn vakambodzidza counterpoint basa iri.

The fugues dzakakurumbira, Chokwadi, mabasa J. Bach nokuda harpsichord, ake "Zvakanaka kutsamwa Clavier" rinoumbwa 24 preludes uye fugues mune zvose zvinobvira kiyi. mabasa awa akava muenzaniso refu. Vasisanetswi Bach pamusoro Zvakazoitwa Zvizvarwa Vanyori kwakanga kukuru, kuti mumwe wavo kanenge kamwe vakatendeukira kunyora fugues.

Fugues Classical kumwedzi

Classical nguva yaisunda fugue kubva kumberi mutsetse. Genre Izvi zvakare chinyakare. Asi kunyange mukuru Vanyori akadai Beethoven uye Mozart, akanyora fugues, kusanganisira navo nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana mabasa ake. It anova Danho idzva. Fugue haizorambi yakazvimirira basa uye chikamu mabasa makuru. Izvi zvinotisvitsa nezvishoma zvinoderedza pfungwa nesimba raro wokugumisa. Somuenzaniso, Mozart mu chokupedzisira "The Mashiripiti nenyere" akaita kuita chimiro fugue.

Fugue muzana remakore rechi20

Nguva romanticism mukutarisana Verdi, Wagner uye Berlioz anodzoka zvakafanira kukurumbira pakati fugue. Muzana remakore rechi20, uye zvinova yakazvimirira basa zvakare, somuenzaniso kuti nhengo uye wakazopinzwa makuru siyana. Bartok, Reger, Stravinsky, Hindemith, Shostakovich nevamwe vanyori zhinji, innovators kupa upenyu hutsva kuti fugue, achifumura rakadzika rethinking basa Bach uye Beethoven. Free uye dissonant counterpoints ndiwo hwaro kurira dzazvino.

Contemporary mimhanzi kuedza zvetsika Genres, uye kwete zvagara fugue. Ndeipi nziyo dzose? Iri kusiyana pamusoro husingaperi dzinotaura. Naizvozvo Fugue kusangana kusanduka itsva, asi asingadi kufa.