Umo nyika akazviratidza dhanzi? Nhoroondo zvenziyo Genre

Opera, kutamba, musicals zvakasimba saka yakasimbiswa hwedu, kuti takatanga kunzwa sokuti havana nguva dzose aripo. Asi ichi handizvo. Vamwe marimba Genres zvinoitika itsva tsika nyika. Munyaya ino tichakurukura iyo nyika uye kana paiva dhanzi. Shoko chairo rine midzi Latin. Shoko "opus" rinoreva "basa", "basa", "basa". Somunhu marimba Genre yakaitwa pakati Florentines, chigadzirwa pakuzivikanwa mu Italian - operas. Apo pakutanga akaita chisikwa ichi, uye nokuda vane nzeve rakanga raitirwa? Ndiani aiva munyori wokutanga munyika dhanzi? Verenga nezvazvo pazasi.

Academy uye Camerata

Muna Renaissance akatonga craze yekare tsika. The kuedza "vamutsidzirwezve" nhaka yekare uye ainzi rose nhoroondo ichikosha. Special chikero ichi chido kare sezvarwakasvikira "nzvimbo yechizvarirwo" ari kamwe simba hweRoma, wokuItaly. Negore regumi namashanu uye navatanhatu emakore kwose kwose akatanga kuonekwa inonzi Academy - tsika uye kwesayenzi nharaunda, vakanga vakasununguka zvachose pasimba yeChechi. Zvinoita sokuti, chii anoita mashoko acho pamusoro mubvunzo iri nyika akazviratidza dhanzi? Isingapotereri. The zvikoro vadetembi, vaimbi, masayendisiti uye anongoti vapfumi vakadzidza vanhu vaiita dzinonzi rokunyika nounyanzvi. Uye Opera, sezvo tichiziva, kumbova akafanana kuna Benedictine chapero kana chechi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi. Cultural makirabhu (Academy uye Camerata) dzinorongwa zvenyika vatongi vanoitisana vakapfuma. Chinangwa chikuru munharaunda ndiko kukura uye kusimudzira unyanzvi uye sayenzi.

Florentine Camerata

MuItaly mukupera nenhanhatu remakore, paiva vanenge chiuru zvikoro izvi. Florence aiva rombo mune mamwe maguta nani. Machinda ose zvokuvhoterwa ichi aiona ravo kudzivirira okusika vanhu uye ivo wose pa. Saka, muna Florence akaunganidza matarenda muItaly. Muna 1580 Dzhovanni Bardi, vaitakura zita Count vakatendeka, aiva initiator of Camerata. Zvino denderedzwa iri akarondedzera nyika umo paiva dhanzi zvakananga, nekuti chinangwa chacho chaiva "kumutsidzira mimhanzi yekare." Sezvo nziyo uye nziyo Roma yekare, hapana nhengo Florentine Camerata haana chokwadi. Asi nhengo tsika vomunharaunda vaiva masayendisiti uye vanhu okusika: Jacopo peri, Cristofano Malvezzi, Girolami mei, Ottavio Rinuccini, Petro Strotstsi, Dzhulio Kachchini, Jacopo Korea uye nyanzvi baba, nyika-nomukurumbira Vincenzo Galilei.

Umo nyika akaonekwa dhanzi zvokuimba uye sei rainzi?

Vanyori, vaiva chikamu Camerata pakati Florence, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti muRoma yekare, mutambo wekare akazivisa mumhanzi. Jacopo peri zvakakomba yakasarudza ndiponesezve kukanganwa unyanzvi. Somugumisiro, chiedza akaonekwa monody - imwe mhando itsva Solo kuimba, achiita chokungopa mutinhimira nokuda nyore kuenderana. Ndicho kusikwa wenziyo - the muvambi of Genre - inonzi mumutambo paminiti muzik (mutambo kuburikidza mumhanzi). Saka, isu aitoziva kuti nyika yacho dhanzi kuoneka. Uye chii rakatumidzwa? Zvino zvakanyorwa? Its akanyora Yakopo peri muna 1598. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa wokutanga nokusingaperi munhoroondo dhanzi, zvino hazvibviri kuteerera. Chibozwa ichi chigadzirwa, zvinosuruvarisa haana vakapona. We chete kuziva kuti akanzi "Daphne".

Umo nyika akazviratidza dhanzi №2?

Asi kwaiva hwakawanda huripo zvibozwa kutanga? Zvakare, muna Florence. Uye akaita iyoyo munyori, Jacopo peri. Asi nguva ino pamwe chete libretistom Ottavio Rinuccini. In dhanzi ichi, nhengo Florentine Camerata akapa mimhanzi uye Solo kuimba rengano nyaya Orpheus uye Eurydice. basa iri raiva pakati "Aryan", verenga recitative kuti kuenderana ane Ensemble zviridzwa nomwe. Opera "Euridice" rakanyoreswa zvisikwa. Zvakanyorwa chiitiko chinokosha - muchato Marii Medichi Florence chizvarwa namambo French Henry IV. The dhanzi chaipiwa kupati womuchato mumuzinda Pitti wechitanhatu October 1600. Nenzira, panguva iyo kwakanga mumwe mumhanzi zvakafanana zita uye panyaya iyoyo. Munyori ari dhanzi "Euridice" ari nhengo Florentine Camerata Dzhulio Kachchini.

Yakunda zvokuridza Genre

"Mutambo kuburikidza mumhanzi" chaizvoizvo akanga kune vanoda mumhanzi mweya. Zvino dhanzi somunhu Genre akatanga kukura nokukurumidza. The creators wokutanga akaramba vokuItaly Vanyori. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma dhanzi "akapindira" kuburikidza Alps uye akatanga kufamba kwayo rworukundo kuburikidza Europe. In neimwe nyika, izvozvo anowana nyika chimiro.

MuGermany, rokuItari chido chikatsiviwa nyika pathos. dhanzi French zvikuru lyrical. Kujekesa mubvunzo kuti chii nyika akazviratidza dhanzi, ngatitaurei funga mabasa Genre ichi pakutanga akaonekwa Russian. Zvinozivikanwa kuti 1730s panguva paakaenda dare akateerera vaimbi dzaiimba CARCHI. Asi izvi zvaiva vatorwa, kunyanya kubva Italy. In yechipiri yezana namasere remakore paiva mufashoni voga dzemitambo, iyo troupe vaiva serfs. The dhanzi rokutanga libretto yakanyorwa Russian, runoonekwa kuti epamba mutambo ne CARCHI "Miller - murevi wenhema, muroyi uye nhingi nanhingi vanokodzerana" munyori Mikhail Sokolovsky chinyorwa A. O. Ablesimova (1779).