Kondakita musimbwa

Electricity zvimwe ndiyo kudzidza vanhu kunobva simba uye somugumisiro, ave midzi hwedu zvikuru kuti kunyange kufunga chii hazvisi - zviri zvinhu zvitsvene. Asi kamwe, kwemazana emakore, vanhu vakashandisa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva chete mafaro chitoyi - kudhonza grated ibwe shinda diki zvinhu. ibwe iri aivapo rinopenya, uye muchiGiriki anonzi "Erekitironi". Pashure pemazana emakore akawanda, zita iri akagashira yokutanga pachena zvepakutanga PARTICIPLE - the lightest muripo vatakuri. Fate aiva nomutsa kune Erekitironi ikava chikuru akaendesa hwesimba electric munda.

Nechepakati kwokutanga sandara, nefuma ndiye mabhomba maumbirwo yemapuraneti mhando - pakati chinoumba Purotoni-Nyuturoni uye Erekitironi anoshongwa. Rokunze Erekitironi goko zvinhu kuchinjana maerekitironi kwemaatomu ari interatomic nzvimbo saka vamwe vavo, zvinganaka avo kuti aratidze ehupfumi nesimbi vakasununguka-Erekitironi gore aumbwa. Yemanyorero zvokuvakisa akadaro akagadzirwa waya kuparadzira remagetsi. Mumazuva ano kutapurirana kunyatsoshanda iri kukanganiswa zvakawanda, kusanganisira uye kurwisa kuti muitisi - iri chinhu chinokosha chinoratidza mumwe conductive zvinhu. Kana kumigumo muitisi kubatanidza kwaibva voltage, ipapo dzichayerera achitevedza Magetsi. The Chikonzero parinowanika - zvinogona musiyano iri kumigumo kondakita. Maerekitironi, ari yemagetsi mumunda, vanoumba rinotungamirirwa inofamba zvikuru kukwanisa ari maduku, pamwe chinhu kureba muitisi, uye chine simba wedzerai simba riri zvifambiswe. Shandisa simba iri rinogona kuva chero User chokuita ive remudunhu magetsi.

Akanakisisa zvinhu, conductors akashandiswa zvaAtemisi waya yedzimudzangara mitsetse kuti zvinoparadzira magetsi pamusoro pezviuru makiromita pasimba chirimwa. Chii chokuratidza kuti kusarudza conductors zviri zvinhu? mamirire kwakadaro ndiko kurwisa kwakaita muitisi. Sei chinoratidza pacharo ari kondakita? Maererano dzidziso magetsi, vakasununguka maerekitironi dzinoyerera kuburikidza muitisi, ndine imwe simba. In nzira kufamba kwavo kuitike kwemotokari pamwe maatomu pamusoro peshoko, uye unofanira kugoverana navo simba. Tinonzwa ichi "redistribution", asi chaizvoizvo nokurasikirwa simba sezvo kupisa chevaimbi.

Izvi zvinoreva husingaperi youinjiniya nematambudziko, umo huru chikamu chiito - kurwisa of kondakita. Ndicho ichi parameter redunhu anosarudza zvinopfuura kurasikirwa simba, uye ivo vanokura zvakaenzanirana pamwe nekukura waya urefu L. rakatevera kondakita geometric parameter kukanganisa kurwisa chinhu sectional maonero waya S. With nokuwedzera muchikamu pamuchinjikwa muitisi, kurwisa kwayo kunoderedza proportionally. Kuongorora zvinhu maererano suitability yavo waya, vakashandisa mumwe hunhu, unonzi "resistivity": iri kuramba iri kondakita muchinjikwa Chikamu 1 mm dzomumusha. uye 1 mamita pakureba. Zvino, pashure nokutora ukoshi patafura kuti resistivity ƿ yakakodzera zvinhu anogona ngaaverenge kurwisa yacho kondakita. The yemaitiro rinotipa kukosha R - Homme kana ƿ - Omm * m / ba mm. , S - mm square, L -. M.

R = (ƿ * L) / S.

Maererano akati payakavakirwa kunogona kuita Masvomhu vose nyaya, kana mashoko epakutanga vanozivikanwa. Uye chii kana kondakita iri, uye matafura uye metres dhayamita uye kureba waya pedyo hakusi, mune mamwe mazwi, sei huchashandiswa anoyera nemishonga ane kondakita? Muzviitiko zvakadaro, shandisa pedengu mudziyo, unonzi ane Ohm-mita.

Pane zvinoshandawo ohmmeters dzakawanda embodiments siyana kuti dzika nhungamiro kushanda, asi kakawanda kuiswa ano tambo redunhu Via kondakita nemishonga bvunzo uye calibrated chipimo resistor kana voltage donhwe mhiri bvunzo resistor pamwe calibrated kuitika mune tambo redunhu.