Development wemagariro evanhu muRussia

History wemagariro evanhu muRussia akatanga kubuda ari 60s 19veka. Panguva ino, kuverenga paruzhinji uye vezvesayenzi vakatanga kuzivana shanduro nyaya uye mabhuku Comte. Kwakapararira Russian evanhu kugumisa zvakasimba kuongororerwa pfungwa Comte, uyewo kusafarira kunze positivism afa. A sefungu "kuverenga chechipiri" kuti Auguste Comte, yakabata dzakabudirira uye France, uye Russia vakabata. Magazini "Russian shoko", "panguva", "Notes of Yababa", etc. nyaya dzakatanga kuonekwa pamusoro evanhu uye Comte, rakanyorwa VV Lesevichem, P. L. Lavrovym, D. I. Pisarevym.

An mupiro kukuru kuti kukura evanhu muRussia akaita vokutanga evanhu Russian: vakatanga pakati sayenzi waKarea Yuzhakov, Mikhailovsky, Lavrov nevamwe. Ivo vakabatsira kuti kukura wemagariro evanhu kuRussia, achiumba yayo yokusvika pakuziva uye kudzidza mumagariro mananara. Vaiona vanhu kuburikidza prism ari maitiro evanhu ayo, kunyanya vanhu kukurudzirwa, yakatanga, vanoshingaira - Nyaya nzira. Mumwe mabasa N. K. Mihaylovskogo yainzi - "Heroes uye vazhinji". Development wemagariro evanhu muRussia aizivikanwa anotevera nyaya: kuti chidzoke yevanhu unhu kwemarudzi mhuka, kufambira mberi kwenzanga uye weboka basa, nhamba kukura dzinongoitika uye munzanga zviri muvanhu, zvakamubaya mberi hupfumi bhora.

Wemagariro evanhu muRussia kubudikidza pakutanga remakore rechi20 vaiva kubudirira. Development wemagariro evanhu muRussia panguva iyoyo aizivikanwa pakuwedzera siyana akadzidza matambudziko kuitika zvinotevera: mupfungwa, nenzvimbo, pfuma. Panguva iyi Russian evanhu anotanga kuchinja kukura sayenzi-refu yakasimbiswa: kare, mutemo, uzivi uye nezvimwe sayenzi munzanga.

Kana isu kutaura nzendo kukura wemagariro evanhu kuRussia, rokutanga danho zvingabudirira inganzi inotungamirwa, kuberekwa wemagariro evanhu kuRussia, kubvira 60 kusvika 90 makore remakore rechi19. Panguva ino kuparadzira Sociological pfungwa, akaumba kutungamirirwa Sociological pfungwa, vakatora midzi Russian nesayenzi.

Wemagariro evanhu muRussia nguva kubva pamakore 90 remakore rechi19 kusvika 20s remakore rechi20, sechinhu padariro rechipiri pakukura - pane vachembera, kureva kuzivikanwa kwayo noruzhinji uye mamiriro, pakatangwa nesayenzi masangano, madhipatimendi nekupatsanurana .. nheyo munzanga uye magazini nezvesayenzi, etc.

Panguva ino kukura wemagariro evanhu muRussia kwakaitika pedyo pamwe vatorwa dzinova European evanhu.

Zvinosuruvarisa ari 1920s. akaumba zvikuru kungwaririra uye utsinye nemafungiro evanhu sayenzi nezviremera veSoviet kunotanga. Inopera danho iri nokuvhara Sociological masangano, uye evanhu nevasiri Marxist maonero uye dzidziso vakadzingwa Russia, kana kumisasa kuna "kunenge dzidzo". Kubvira muna 1922, dhipatimendi akadzivira uye vanorega kudzidzisa evanhu panguva mumayunivhesiti akavhara Sociological Society, yakavakirwa M. M. Kovalevskim.

Danho rechitatu muchiRussia evanhu aiva "mutema" uye kwakatora kubva 1920s. kusvikira 1950s. Panguva iyi, evanhu anogamuchira Chikwata kuti "Bourgeois sayenzi" uye vakazodzingwa Marxist-Leninist uzivi uye komiyunizimu nesayenzi.

New haasaruri vachembera vakatanga chete mushure mhosva "unhu chitendero" pakati Stalin, asi yakamiswa nokuda kukura wemagariro evanhu pamusoro CPSU uye haana kugamuchira paupamhi kuparadzira munzanga.

Modern, chikuva chechina akauya 1980s uye aizivikanwa kukurumidza kukura Russian evanhu. Wemagariro evanhu anogamuchira mamiriro yakazvimirira sayenzi anodzidziswa muzvikoro zvose Russian.

Mushure kuenda kuburikidza zvose mumatanho okukura wemagariro evanhu muRussia tinoona kuti rine zvinopfuura hafu emakore. Nokuti kuti mumwe nokukurumidza kukura sainzi, zvishoma nezvishoma zvachose pakakoromorwa zivo yedu pamusoro evanhu ukama uye vanhu, tinenge zvishoma ndibate kukwira chikoro National wemagariro evanhu munyika dzakabudirira vakaenda mberi.