Water mabasa muchitokisi. The chikamu H2O tigutsikane mumuviri womunhu

Water - rakasiyana nemamwe fuma. Zvinonzi kwose kwose pasi redu. Edza kufungidzira kuti upenyu hwedu kuva pasina H2O Morekuru? Hongu, uye kumirira chinhu - upenyu Pasi redu kungadai kusipo. Murume 70% mvura. Muduku muviri, ndipo pariri rine, asi nezera, nhamba iyi kunoderedza. Somuenzaniso, tora fetus - the kubva muzana kugutsikana mairi 90% H2O.

Munyaya ino, isu zano iwe kusarudza ose mabasa emvura muchitokisi uye kuongorora zvose. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti iye uri kuwanikwa kaviri: akasununguka uye kusungwa. Isu vachasangana ichi gare gare.

mvura

Mumwe pachake anoziva mvura kuti anotamba inokosha zvikuru, asi, basa rinokosha muupenyu hwedu. Pasina izvozvo, pasi redu raizova akafa renje, upenyu. Masayendisiti nhasi vari kudzidza mvura yaro muchinangwa womunhu.

Tatotaura pamusoro chokwadi mvura inowanikwa mumasero edu akasununguka uye vakasungwa chimiro. Wokutanga kunoshanda kuparadzira zvinhu - uchatamisa muvira muchitokisi uye kubva mairi. Uye yokupedzisira yakati:

• pakati fibers;
• membranes;
• mapuroteni mamorekuru;
• cellular hurongwa.

Uye mvura vakasununguka uye akasungwa ari muchitokisi kunodiwa kuita mamwe mabasa, izvo dzichakurukurwa pashure. Uye ikozvino - mashoko mashomanana ari sei iye akaronga H2O Morekuru.

morekuru

Chokutanga, tinofanira kureva samolecular payakavakirwa mvura: H2O. Ndicho nevakawanda fuma panyika, uye munofanira kuyeuka naye, nokuti samolecular payakavakirwa mvura kwakajairika chaizvo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana unyanzvi. Zvinonzi, sezvinei, yakawanikwa mitumbi yose yevanhu kunyange Zvisinei zino enamel uye mapfupa,, apo kwazvo chikamu chiduku - 10% uye 20%, ukuwo.

Sezvatakamboreva, kupfuura muviri muduku, mvura mariri zvakare. Masayendisiti pfungwa kuti isu Zera nokuti kuti puroteni haagoni kusunga yakawanda mvura. Asi ichi, zvisinei, rinongova pfungwa.

mabasa

Zvino sarudza mashandiro anoita mvura muchitokisi, vakawanda vavo mberi pachena kubva zvinotevera zvawanyora:

• H2O anogona kuita somunhu solvent, sokuzvinyima zvose nemakemikari - Ion - uye kuitika mumvura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane hydrophilic fuma (izvo kuiparadza Somuenzaniso imwe doro, shuga, amino acids nezvimwewo), asi panewo hydrophobic (mafuta acids, cellulose nevamwe).
• Water anogona kuita senhumwa.
• Anoita zvekufambisa, tembiricha kuzvidzora uye STRUCTURAL ushande.

Tinopa mumwe nomumwe wavo aifungidzirwa yoga. Ngatiendei kuitira, kutanga pane yatakanyora pasi - ndiko kushanda solvent.

solvent

Water mabasa muchitokisi izhinji, asi chimwe chinonyanya kukosha - nderokubatsira iri kosi munhu muzvizhinji wanda. H2O Morekuru anogona kuita somunhu solvent. Anenge zvose Maitiro muchitokisi - ndiye Ion, kureva, zvakatipoteredza umo varege kutora nzvimbo - ndiyo mvura.

reagent

Zvinotevera kushanda kunoita mvura muchitokisi - raro mugove makemikari rekatsiyah kuitika mumuviri somunhu reagent. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• hydrolysis;
• polymerization;
• photosynthesis, uye zvichingodaro.

Zvino zvishoma pamusoro chii pomutumwa. In wekemisitiri, vakadanwa saka fuma munyaya zvimwe nemakemikari. Chinonyanya kukosha - ndizvo zviri zvazvo zvematongerwo zvakaitwa, asi chinangwa kurapwa mune iyi haisi. The reagents murabhoritari (ari asi dzinonzi yakasiyana reagents) - iwayo akakurumbira.

Water ari reactant munyaya kugadzirira zvimwe zvinhu muviri inoda.

senga basa

Sei isu tirarame? muviri wedu ariko chete nemhaka yokuti masero vapenyu, icho rinoumbwa. Uye vanofanira kuvonga zvayo rakasiyana marongerwo uye zvimwe zviri H2O Morekuru. Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti mvura - hazvina chinokosha muviri wedu, uye sero ose rine rakasiyana mamorekuru izvi, uye zvakawanda zvakananga, pakutanga wayo sezvamunoita.

The senga mvura muchitokisi basa - nderimwe chinangwa H2O mumuviri wedu. Mvura ine rutivi - imwe tinzwisise extracellular muchadenga, nemhaka zvinovaka muviri kupinda muchitokisi.

Chimwe kuziva kuti ropa uye node rinewo mvura, uye kuishaya kunotungamirira vamwe migumisiro: ropa kana thrombosis.

thermotaxis

Chii mashandiro anoita mvura muchitokisi, hatina asi arongwe kunze? Zvechokwadi, thermoregulation. Isu akati kuti mvura anokwanisa kupinza kupisa uye vanorichengeta kwenguva refu. Saka, H2O anogona kudzivirira sero kubva overheating kana undercooling. thermoregulatory basa kunodiwa kwete chete nokuda masero kuroora, asi wezvenyika muviri.

mamiriro basa

Chii mashandiro anoita mvura muchitokisi, isu kare dzakanyorwa, zvazvinosarira kuongorora chimwe chinangwa - ndiyo kwerunyararo muchitokisi mamiriro.

Wakamboedza nepavaigona mvura? Kunyange murabhoritari kuzadzisa izvi zvakaoma. pfuma iyi mvura kunokosha kuti tirambe chimiro uye maumbirwo sero rimwe.

Rangarirai nokusingaperi: upenyu hazvibviri pasina mvura. Tinonzwa nyota kana muviri anorasikirwa anenge 3% mvura, uye kurasikirwa 20%, masero akafa uye, naizvozvo, vanhu zvakare. Ramba uchiongorora ukanwa zvakadini mvura.