GAZ-12: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo

Imotokari yeSoviet yekutanga yekirasi yemumiririri GAZ-12 (ZIM) yakagadzirwa mune zvezvitoro zveGorky Automobile Plant muma1949 kusvika muna 1959. Mushonga wacho waive wakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwepamutemo nevamiriri vehurumende, vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika.

Iyo purojekiti

Kubudirira kweGAZ-12 mienzaniso yakaitwa munguva pfupi, pakange pasina nguva yekuumba mamiriro ekunze kunze kwemichina, saka America Buick yegwaro ra1948 yakatorwa sechinhu. Chengetedza kunze kwaisaita, vakashandisa chete zvinyorwa zvekutanga.

Technical specifications

Mutumbi weGAZ-12 wakagadzira, yose-yesimbi, chimiro chakaparadzaniswa chakanga chisina. Sezvo chikamu chemuviri chakasiyana chakashandiswa chete mumutsetse we submodorn, wakanga wakabatanidzwa pasi pepamberi bhutta. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mahofisi emiti yemiti yacho akatora dambudziko rakanaka kuburikidza nekugadzira chisarudzo chisingagoneki sechisimba chechitanhatu chine mitsara mitatu yezvigaro zvakarongerwa kuti chikonzero chekugadzikana kwenguva refu, iyo inogona kugoverwa chete nechimiro chakasimba chemafaira kubva mumugwagwa.

Zvisinei, zvose zvakagadziriswa nenzira yakanakisisa: rutivi rwakakosha rwekusagadzikana rwakasikwa nemapapiro akaiswa pasi akakomberedzwa ari munzvimbo yese yemotokari pasi. Nokudaro, zvaive zvichikwanisa kuderedza kuwanda kwechiremera chemuviri pasina kurasikirwa kweyeseji ye simba.

Asi mukushandiswa kwekushandisa motokari pamwe nemuviri weGAZ-M-12, zvikanganiso zvakakomba zvakakonzerwa nokurasikirwa kwekuoma kwezvinhu zvinotakudza mitoro zvakatanga kuonekwa. Simba rekugadzirisa kwacho rakapera simba nemaitiro anoramba achinyanyisa, pamwe nekushungurudzika kunokonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwemakina mundiro refu. Somugumisiro, chimiro chisina kuchena chemuviri chaifanira kusiya.

Kubatana

Pakutanga, GAZ-12 yakanga yakabatana, asi zvinyorwa zve serial conveyor process zvaive zvagadzirirwa. Misi yekugadzira yemotokari yakave yakakonzerwa nekuda kwehupamhi hwekubatana, izvo zvimwe zvikwangwani zvakazosvika 50 muzana. Zvikwata zvizhinji nemagungano zvakakweretwa kubva pamuenzaniso wokuti "Kukunda M-20", motokari GAZ-51 uye gare gare - GAZ-53-12, iyo panguva iyoyo yakanga iri mukubudirira.

Powerplant

Imotokari yakanga yakagadzirirwa injini yeGAZ-11 yakavandudzwa ine cylinder capacity ye 3,485 cubic meters. Cm, simba re 90 hp, iro makiromita makumi maviri nemaawa paawa rakagadzirirwa kukurumidza kweGAZ-12.

Injini, simbatrain character:

• Type of petrol;
• Nhamba yezvigadziri - 6;
• Kurohwa kwepistoni - 110 mm;
• Diameter ye cylinder - 82 mm;
• Kuenzanisa kwehuwandu - 6.7;
• Zvokudya - carburetor K-21;
• Mvura inotonhorera;
• Kushandiswa kwepetori mumhepo yakavhenganiswa - 19 litres pamakiromita 100;
• Yakakurudzirwa mafuta - petroli A70, A72.

Transmission

Imwe GAZ-12 yakange yakagadzirirwa nebhokisi rebhokisi rine zvinotevera:

• Tsika-hydromechanical, synchronized;
• Nhamba yekukura - 3;
• Mabheti - maviri maviri;
• Kudzora - kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunoshandiswa nekiver motokari.

Exterior

Dhizimusi rekunze yemotokari yakasangana nezvinodiwa nenguva, muviri wechipfuva wakanga wakakomberedzwa, kushanduka kwakanyatsogadzirwa kwakagadzira pfungwa yehutano hwekugadzira. Ichi chaiva chiitiko chaitevera vese vese veAmerican motokari, yakanga isiri yega uye ZIM. GAZ-12 ndiyo yaiva yekutanga yepamusoro-gumbo motokari yemotokari, uye, zvechokwadi, motokari yaive iyo yekudada kune vose vasika uye vanhu avo vaida.

Iyi motokari yakabatanidzwa mumitambo yose yemitambo, yakaratidzwa paVDNH, muparasi "Imotokari yemabhizimisi yeU.SR." Pasinei nepo-iyo yaive iripo Iron Curtain pakati peSoviet Union uye nyika dzekuMadokero, GAZ-12 yakatengeswa kune imwe nyika kune imwe nzvimbo kuti ibudiswe pamitambo yemotokari yeBerlin, Madrid neParis.

Interior design

Saroni yeSoviet limousine yakagadziriswa maererano nemanzwiro ekufambisa kwenguva iyoyo. Nhengo dzose dzesimbi mukati mekunze dzakange dzakafukidzwa nemhando yekushongedza, uye kubwinya kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvehuni zvakawedzera kuonekwa kwehupfumi. Pasi mumotokari yaive yakashongedzerwa, iyo yakaita kuti inenge yakakwana kugadziriswa kwezwi.

Nenzira yepamusoro-soro mukati memuenzaniso wegumi nemapfumbamwe, yakange yakapfuura nehurumende ZIS-110, iyo isina kumbobvira ishandiswa kana setikisi kana se ambulensi, asi yaifungidzirwa kuti yakanyanya kuwirirana mumakambani emotokari muUSSR.

Kutengesa kwemotokari mumaoko ega

GAZ-12 yakava motokari yekutanga uye yokupedzisira yeboka guru, iyo inogona kutengwa mukutengesa. Mutengo wemotokari kusvikira muna 1961 waiva 40,000 rubles. Panguva iyoyo yaive nemari yakawanda, tichifunga kuti muvhareji wevashandi weSoviet murume haana kupfuura 650 rubles. Imotokari yakakurumbira "Kukunda M-20" inodhura 16,000 rubles, uye "Moskvich-401" - mapfumbamwe zviuru. Nokudaro, mitsetse yeZIM yakanga isati yasimbiswa, asi masayendisiti uye kunyanya artiste anokosha aiva nemuchina iwoyo.

Pakutanga kwema1970 pakange pane hurukuro yekunyora kweGAZ-12 kubva kumatunhu ehurumende. Iyi motokari yakatengwa nevatengesi vega vaisagona kutenga "Zhiguli" itsva, inodhura mabhiriyoni mashanu ruble.

Nhasi iwe unogona kusangana neZZ mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzimwe nguva nzvimbo dzisingatarisiri. Pane imwe mishonga pane injini dzinobva kumakori, zvachose zvisingambofungidziki kutumira uye nemhando dzose dzedzimwe nzira dzisinganzwisisiki. Machines muzvinoshandiswa zvemafekitari - hazvisi nyore.

Iyo mafashoni matsva uye kuguma kwekugadzirwa

Pakupera kwema50s, mutemo weGAZ-12 wakatanga kukurumidza kurasikirwa nemukurumbira wayo. Nyika yefashoni yemotokari yakashandura zvakananga kutungamira, kwemazuva ano zvigadzirwa zvefekitari yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirwa kwemaitiro matsva zvakakosha zvakatanga pose pose.