General zvinofanira kushanda ADC

Ngatimboonai huru-siyana nyaya anogona kunzi nheyo analoginen-kuti-digitaalinen converters (ADCs) kuti mhando dzakasiyana. Sequential nhoroondo, anotevedzana BALANCInG - chii chiri seri mashoko aya? Chii kushanda nheyo ADC of microcontroller? Izvi uye zvimwe nyaya ichakurukurwa yechinangwa nyaya. The nhatu dzokutanga uchanamatira kune vakawanda yokuti, uye musoro wenyaya muchikamu chechina kudzidza sei vanoshanda. Unogona kusangana siyana mabhuku ADC uye DAC mazwi. Nheyo kushanda mano izvi siyanei, saka regai kuvhiringidza. Saka, nyaya ichakurukurwa kutendeuka anonongedzera kubva analoginen kune digitaalinen, ukuwo DAC inoshanda zvisizvo.

tsananguro

Tisati takurukura nheyo ADC, ngationei zvakaita mudziyo iri. Analog kune digitaalinen converters ndangariro kuti mumuviri kwazvo iri kuchinjwa kuva mufananidzo Numeric unoenderana. The kwokutanga parameter anogona kuita zvinenge chinhu - ano, voltage, capacitance, nemishonga, vachishandisa kutenderera nomubato, kurova kwemwoyo mwero uye zvichingodaro. Asi kuti vave nechokwadi, tichava kushanda kutendeuka imwe chete. Izvi "bumbiro voltage". Pakusarudza basa iri pamanyorerwo hakusi netsaona. Mushure ADC (musimboti hwokushanda mudziyo uyu) uye mamiriro ayo zvisinganyanyi novimba worudzii yakayerwa pfungwa rinoshandiswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti muitiro kusiyana imwe ukoshi ine mwero kare kusimbiswa.

unhu ADC

Huru ikakuruma anganzi, uye kutendeuka unodiwa. First runoratidzwa matomu, uye yechipiri - mune mimwe pechipiri. Modern analoginen-kuti-digitaalinen converters vangava 24-ikakuruma kana kutendeuka nokukurumidza, izvo anouya GSPS dzakabatana. Cherechedza kuti ADC anogona panguva kukupa kushandiswa chete mumwe unhu hwake. Mukuru vaita, zvikuru zvakaoma kushanda pamwe mudziyo, uye zviri anodhura pacharo. Asi kubatsira kungava kuwana zvinhu zvakafanira ikakuruma udzamu kuita kubudikidza vachibayira kumhanya ari chiridzwa.

ADC mhando

Zvingakubatsira kushanda kunosiyana-siyana pakati akasiyana mapoka namano. We funga zvinotevera mhando:

1. Sezvo zvakananga kutendeuka.
2. With tevererana rakada.
3. With yakafanana kushanduka.
4. Analog-to-digitaalinen convert ane BALANCInG vebasa (Delta-Sigma).
5. Kusanganisa ADC.

Kune mamwe marudzi akawanda conveyor uye zvabatanidzwa, vane wavo chaiye maitiro pachavo dzakasiyana mapurani. Asi mimwe avo, izvo ichakurukurwa yechinangwa nyaya vari kufarira nokuti kutamba muenzaniso basa rayo niche mano specificity kwakadaro. Saka ngationgororei nheyo ADC, uyewo ayo pazviri zvinooneka mudziyo.

Direct analoginen kune digitaalinen converters

Vava yakakurumbira zvikuru 60-70-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Muchimiro Integrated nematunhu anobudiswa pamwe 80s. Zviri nyore chaizvo, kunyange chinyakare namano asingagoni pamusoro zvaikosha nenhamba. Kukwanisa kwavo yemanyorero 6-8 matomu, uye nokukurumidza kashoma kukasapfuura 1 GSPS.

Nheyo kushanda kwaiita ADC ndechokuti pamusoro ndinoiitawo zvinoshandisa pakurima kuti comparators chiyamuro chiratidzo panguva imwe chete. On zvakaipa chinouraya voltage ndiyo imwe ukoshi. Zvino mudziyo kunotema oparesheni kwayo. Izvi zvinoitwa nemhaka bhuku voltage. Ngationei kufunga kuti tine mudziyo apo 8 comparators. Kana kupa ½ nezvezvinotaurwa voltage anogoneswa 4 chete navo. Kuisa encoder kuumbwa binary code, inova goho remazita uye latches. Hama uye zvaasingagoni chingataurwa kuti musimboti uyu kushanda kunoita kuti kusika mukuru-nokukurumidza namano. Asi kuwana zvaida shoko pakureba anofanira ziya zviye.

The vakawanda payakavakirwa kuti nhamba comparators riri sezvinotevera: 2 ^ N. Under N Zvakakodzera kuisa kuwanda digits. Viewed yapfuura muenzaniso zvingashandiswa zvakare: 2 ^ 3 = 8. Subtotal nokuti rechitatu iyeye anofanira kuva 8 comparators. Ndiyo musimboti wenyika ADC, izvo vokutanga vakasikwa. Zvisakafanira chaizvo, saka vakabva kwaiva nevamwe mapurani.

Analog-kuti-digitaalinen converters, tevererana rakada

algorithm "weighting" rinoshandiswa pano. Kupfupisa mano uchishanda panguva imwe nzira yakadaro, akataura sechimwe ADC zvinotevedzana zvikwereti. Nheyo yokuvhiyiwa sezvinotevera: mudziyo kunoonekwa mazano chiratidzo, uye zvino ari kuenzaniswa nhamba, izvo kunotangira maererano imwe nzira:

1. Anoita zvichibvira nehafu bhuku voltage.
2. Kana chiratidzo nokukura muganhu kukurira rwendo №1, zviri kuenzaniswa nhamba riri pakati nepakati peguta yasara kukosha. Saka, kwatiri ichava ¾ nezvezvinotaurwa voltage. Kana bhuku chiratidzo unotadza mufananidzo uyu, fananidzo zvinoitiswa mumwe chikamu penguva pedyo ichocho. In muenzaniso uyu, ¼ nezvezvinotaurwa voltage.
3. Step 2 zvinofanira kudzokororwa N nguva, izvo achatipa N nhonga mugumisiro. Izvi imhaka mufambiro N nhamba enzaniso.

Pfungwa iri midziyo achibvumira kuwana pamwe hama dzakakwirira kutendeutsa zvazvingava, zviri anotevedzana rakada ADCs. Musimboti kushanda, sezvaungaona, nyore, uye mano aya rakanakira dzakasiyana-siyana panguva.

Parallel analoginen-to-digitaalinen converters

Vanoshanda yakafanana Serial mudziyo. Kukarukureta fomura - (2 ^ n) -1. Nokuti nyaya vaiona kare, tinofanira (2 ^ 3) -1 comparators. Nokuti kushanda uchishandisa imwe siyana mano izvi, mumwe izvo zvinogona enzanisa mazano uye munhu bhuku voltage. Parallel analoginen-to-digitaalinen converters chaizvo kutsanya namano. Asi nheyo kuvakwa mano izvi ndechokuti kutsigira kunyatsoshanda ravo rinoda simba chinokosha. Saka, shandisa yavo nebhatiri kukodzera.

Analog-to-digitaalinen convert pamwe tevererana BALANCInG

It unoshanda Saizvozvowo sezvo yapfuura mudziyo. Naizvozvo, kuti atsanangure nokushanda anotevedzana BALANCInG ADC, nheyo kushanda kuti beginners ichakurukurwa sezvariri pamusoro minwe. In namano izvi inobva Chiitiko pakati musiyano. Nemamwe mashoko, Serial kuenzanisa rinoitwa akayera ukoshi neumwe chikamu kunonyanyisa ukoshi. Anogona kutora tsika ½, 1/8, 1/16 uye zvichingodaro. Naizvozvo, analoginen-to-digitaalinen convert anogona kuita muitiro kuti N iterations (anotevedzana matanho). Pakazoti N vakaenzana Judhasi ADC (kutarisa kare pamusoro Masvomhu). Saka, tine yakawanda fuma nenguva, kana zviri kunyanya kukosha unongotaura unyanzvi. Pasinei wandei nokukurumidza, mano aya uyewo dzinoratidzwa kunofambira mberi kukanganisa pasi.

Analog-to-digitaalinen converters pamwe nokuchengeta vakadengezera (Delta-Sigma)

Ndiko inonakidza zvikuru mhando mudziyo, kwete muduku nokuda kwayo uchishandisa pfungwa. It kunoratidzwa kuti mazano voltages vari akaenzanisa zvokuti pamusaka integrator. Ko chiyamuro pulses ane kunaka kana zvakanaka polarity (napo mugumisiro yapfuura oparesheni). Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti vakadaro analoginen-to-digitaalinen convert ane chinhu nyore Tracking hurongwa. Asi ichi ndicho chete muenzaniso enzaniso, saka unogona kunzwisisa zvinodzidziswa Delta-Sigma ADC. Nheyo mashandiro ezvinhu, asi nekuda chinobudirira nokushanda analoginen-kuti-digitaalinen convert hakuna kukwana. Mugumo Zvinoguma nemidungwe vaya uye zeros, rinobuda kuburikidza digital pasi-zvichipfuura firita. Vanoumba mumwe ikakuruma kutevedzana. Kusiyanisa ADC converters wokutanga uye wechipiri kuti.

Kusanganisa analoginen-to-digitaalinen convert

Ichi chiitiko chinokosha yokupedzisira, iyo ichakurukurwa sechikamu nyaya. Next, tichava kutsanangura mashandiro mano izvi, asi mumwe mukuru pamiviri. ADC Izvi analoginen-to-digitaalinen convert pamwe kusunda-muedzo kusangana. Kusangana zano rakadaro kunogona kuva digital multimeter. Uye ichi hazvishamisi, nokuti anopa yakakwirira zvakarurama uye panguva imwe chete zvakanaka dzvanyirira chipingaidzo.

Zvino ngatimboonai ayo musimboti kushanda. It iri chokwadi kuti mazano capacitor akapiwa kwenguva chaiyo nguva. Kazhinji, izvi nguva ndeimwe mains kakawanda iro simba mudziyo (50 Hz kana 60 Hz). Zvingavawo vakawanda. Saka, mukuru-Frequency ruzha iri woutsinye. Panguva imwe chete rakaparadza simba kusagadzikana voltage simba rine magetsi pamusoro rakarurama mugumisiro.

Kana mutariri nguva inoguma analoginen-digitaalinen convert kuti capacitor anotanga tiite imwe yakamisirwa nokukurumidza. Internal kaunda mudziyo haazobvumiri uwandu wachi pulses izvo kunotangira panguva izvi. Saka, kugara nguva chinguva, zvikuru chokupika.

ADC twostroke kusangana vane yakakwirira zvakarurama uye kwemupfungwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, uyewo pavakwe husina chimiro, vari aurayiwa somunhu chip. The chikuru drawback zvakadaro nheyo basa - zvichienderana chokupika Network. Yeuka kuti nezvaanogona ayo akasungirirwa ya kakawanda simba zvitengeswa nguva.

Heunoi kuti ADC kaviri kusangana. Nheyo nokushanda mudziyo kunyange zviri zvikuru kunzwisisa, asi rinopa unhu zviratidzo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi anongoti chinokosha.

Sarudza APC kwatiri anodiwa musimboti

Toti, tiri nematambudziko chairo. Izvo vasarudze mudziyo zvokuti anogona kusangana zvose zvataida? Chokutanga, ngatimbotaura pamusoro chisarudzo kururama. Kakawanda vava kuvhiringidzika, kunyange zvazvo kuzviita vari chaizvo zvakaneta novimba wechipiri. Cherechedza kuti 12-ikakuruma analoginen-kuti-digitaalinen convert kungava zvishoma zvakarurama pane 8-wedzeredzei. Muchiitiko chino, chisarudzo - chiyero nhamba yemabhuku zvikamu zvinogona dzinounzwa kuna chakayerwa chiratidzo chiyamuro siyana. Saka, 8-ikakuruma ADC nhaka August ² = 256 muzvikamu akadaro.

Kururama - ndiyo yose kutendeuka mugumisiro akawana zvokutsauka kubva yakanaka tsika, izvo zvinofanira kuva pane imwe chiyamuro voltage. Ndiko, wokutanga parameter inechirevo zvinogona ane ADC, uye yechipiri inoratidza chii tine tsika. Naizvozvo, tinogona tawedzera uye zvakawanda nyore mhando (somuenzaniso, zvakananga analoginen-kuti-digitaalinen converters), izvo zvichaita zvinodiwa nokuda kwayo yakakwirira rwakatwasuka.

Kuti pfungwa zvinodiwa kutanga kuverenga mumuviri parameters uye avake kwemasvomhu inonyatsoita kuti kudyidzana. Vanokosha kunofambira mberi uye simba rinonyengera; nekuti kana uchishandisa siyana zvinoriumba uye nhungamiro kuvaka mudziyo vanozova akasiyana inobatsira pamaitiro ayo unongotaura. Uwane mashoko anogona kuwanikwa hwokugadzira mapepa sezvinoreva mugadziri mumwe chaicho mudziyo.

muenzaniso

Ngatimboonai kuti ADC SC9711. The kushanda nheyo mudziyo uyu kunzwisisa nokuti ukuru hwaro uye kukwanisa. Achitaura yokupedzisira, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ivo zvechokwadi siyana. Saka, Somuenzaniso, zvinoita kuvhiyiwa maitikiro zvichisiyana 10 Hz 10 MHz. Mune mamwe manzwi, izvozvo zvinogona kuita kuti mamiriyoni 10 ivhu por wechipiri! Zvino mudziyo hauna chinhu zvikukutu, uye ane modular kuvaka chivako. Asi unowanzoshandiswa mafomu kunzwisisa apo unofanira kushanda vakawanda anonongedzera.

mhedziso

Sezvaunogona kuona, ADCs nekupedza vane mitemo yakasiyana kushanda. Izvi anotibvumira kusarudza mudziyo kuti achagutsa yomuka zvinodiwa uye nokudaro kubvumira musoro kushandisa dziripo mari.