History kwezvisikwa "Eugene Onegin", chigadzirwa kuongorora

History kwezvisikwa "Eugene Onegin" - "chibereko pfungwa nemwoyo chando kucherechedza kusuruvara chiziviso" - chinoshamisa Russian chaiwo Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym haruzvitsvakiri somunhu blitzkrieg. Artwork pave nyanduri shanduka, zvichiratidza chidzoke nenzira realism. A nganonyorwa mundima sezvo chiitiko mukudzidza ibhuku rakasiyana kutanga. Vasati kuti, mabhuku nyika yakanga yakanyorwa chete Genre, chete analogue rimwe - romantic basa George Gordon Byron kuti "Don Juan".

The munyori akasarudza Funga

Pushkin akaenda wokuEngland mukuru - realism. Panguva ino, mudetembi wakakugadzirirai chinangwa - kuratidza munhu kuti anogona kushanda anowedzera pakuzadzisa Russia. Alexander, kugoverana pfungwa Decembrists, vakaziva kuti imwe nyika huru inofanira kufamba sezvinoita locomotive, ane akafa-kuguma nzira yakatungamirira yose muvanhu kuti systemic dambudziko.

History kwezvisikwa "Eugene Onegin" rinorondedzerwa enhetembo basa titanic munguva kubva May 1823 kusvika September 1830 okusika reinterpretation yeRussian chokwadi rokutanga kota XIX remakore. The nganonyorwa mundima iri kuitika munyika zvikamu zvina okugadzira zvinhu Alexander Pushkin: kumaodzanyemba Links (. 1820 - 1824 gg), Kuva "dzisiri autocratic kusiya pfuma Mikhailovskoye" (1824 - 1826 gg.), The nguva pashure kubatana - (1826 1830 gg.) boldins (1830)

AS Pushkin kuti "Eugene Onegin": nhoroondo yokusika

Young Pushkin, kudzidza ari Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum, mumashoko Emperor Alexander I, «Russia dzinozara ne kunokukura nhetembo", akatanga kunyora yokufungidzira ake apo kugara muutapwa muChisinau (anoonga kurevererwa shamwari pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera kuSiberia yave kudziviswa). Panguva ino akanga ari chifananidzo wokuRussia youth akadzidza.

Saka ndinoshingairira kusika mufananidzo gamba nguva yake. In basa rake, iye inorwadza kutsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii chinofanira kuva mutakuri pfungwa itsva, Musiki Russia idzva.

The socio-ezvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu munyika

Funga munzanga ezvinhu umo yokufungidzira akasikwa. Russia akahwina muna 1812 hondo. Izvi zvakapa inokosha riwedzere kuruzhinji chido kusunungurwa kubva feudal zvomumakumbo. Chokutanga vanhu vaida kuti abolition ose serfdom. Ko kusunungurwa kwake kunotozongoita kunobatanidza kukamurwa masimba namambo. Akaumba pakarepo pashure pehondo, munharaunda nevarindi vakuru muna 1816 muSt Petersburg vanoumba Decembrist "Union of Salvation." zvakarongwa ne "Union of Welfare" muna 1818 muMoscow. Decembrists, masangano aya kushingaira vakabatsira kuti paumbwe imwe worupo voruzhinji, uye nokumirira nguva yakakodzera nokuda nevapanduki. Pakati Decembrists vaiva neshamwari dzakawanda Pushkin vake. Paaibuda zvavanofunga.

Russia vakanga vatova munhu kuzivikanwa European nyika rine vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 40 vanhu mukati mayo kuibva matavi mamiriro capitalism ose. Zvisinei, upenyu hwayo hupfumi richiri vakatsunga dzidziso dzekuvamba feudalism, revatongi landowning uye mutengesi kirasi. evanhu mapoka aya, zvishoma nezvishoma kurasikirwa uremu voruzhinji, vakanga vachiri simba uye kushandiswa zvinobatsira upenyu mamiriro, pakukoka feudal hukama munyika. Vakanga vaitsigira munzanga yakavakwa pamusoro zvisingachashandi vanokudzwa dzemitemo Catherine raMwari kuri muRussia XVIII remakore.

Paiva maitiro zviri magariro uye zvoupfumi yose muvanhu. Nyika kwakawanda vanhu vakadzidza vanonzwisisa kuti kukura zvido zvinoda zvikuru kuchinja uye kuchinja. History kwezvisikwa "Eugene Onegin" yakatanga pachako ukozoro wakakomberedza nyanduri, mumashoko Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, "umambo rima"

Izvo akamuka shure kumhanyisa simba rakapiwa naPetro I, uye dynamism paitonga Empress Catherine II, Russia iri pakutanga XIX remakore seiyi kumhanya pakukura. Panguva yakanyorwa, Pushkin wakakurumbira itsva munyika yakanga isati munjanji, kunyange pamusoro penzizi yayo regai kuyangarara zvikepe, zvuuru kwayo nesimba uye unyanzvi vanhu vakasungwa ruoko uye rutsoka zvisungo serfdom.

Nhoroondo "Evgeniya Onegina" iri zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe nhoroondo Russia mukutanga XIX remakore.

Onegin stanza

With vainyatsotarisirwa Alexander, "Russian Mozart wenhetembo", vakaita pabasa rake. Iye akatanga itsva dzinotevedzana ndima zvakananga kuti kunyora itsva mundima.

Saka, mashoko iyerere sorukova haasi kusununguka, uye anoruka. Ose gumi misara iambe Tetrameter zvakabatana zvikuru Onegin ndima. In ichi rhyming kuramba rose yokufungidzira, uye riri sezvinotevera: CCddEffEgg (apo mavara makuru zvinomiririra zvechikadzi harinzwi uye lowercase - munhurume).

Pasina mubvunzo, nhoroondo "Eugene Onegin" yokufungidzira - ndiyo nyaya pakusikwa Onegin stanza. Rinova kusiyanisa ndima munyori anobudirira basa rake kuti pave analogue kuti prose zvikamu uye zvitsauko kusvetukira kubva pasi mumwe, kushandura manyorero mharidzo pfungwa kune simba kukura rangano. Saka, munyori anosika pfungwa dzakadekara kukurukura muverengi wako.

Roman - "dzakaunganidzwa motley zvitsauko"

Chii chinotuma vanhu kunyora mabasa vezera rake uye wake yechizvarigo? Sei kana vanopiwa basa iri zvakazara, kushanda sevasvikirwa?

Nhoroondo "Eugene Onegin" yokufungidzira pakutanga akaisa kuti munyori: kuumba munhu itsva mundima, rinoumbwa 9 yoga zvitsauko. pamusoro mabasa Alexander Sergeyevich nyanzvi vanouti "nguva akazaruka" nokuti kuti mumwe nomumwe musoro wayo - akazvimirira, uye zvingaita, pamusoro wayo womukati pfungwa kupedza basa, kunyange zvazvo iri mberi muchitsauko chinotevera. Ake panguva - Russian mabhuku Purofesa Nikolay Ivanovich Nadezhdin - tsananguro dzenhoroondo akapiwa "Evgeniya Onegina" kwete sechinhu chigadzirwa ane vanachandagwinyira inonzwisisika chimiro, asi, sezvo vamwe nhetembo notibhuku akazadzwa zvakananga inopenya Iridescent muraraungu tarenda.

Pamusoro zvitsauko yokufungidzira

Zvitsauko "Eugene Onegin" rakabudiswa kubva 1825 kusvika 1832. sezvo zvakanyorwa uye yakabudiswa mumabhuku anthologies nemagazini. Vakanga vakamirira, mumwe nomumwe wavo anova chiitiko chaicho muupenyu tsika Russia.

Zvisinei, mumwe wavo yakatsaurirwa rwendo protagonist kune uto kugarwa pedyo Odessa chengarava ine yakaoma mutongo, yanyadziswa munyori akasarudza kurega kuitira kudzivisa zvaisarudza pamusoro pachavo uye kuparadzwa kwayo chete manyoro.

Just basa ratakapiwa zvachose, akazoshanda yake "Doctor Zhivago" Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, akanyorawo vezera rake Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov. Pushkin pachake akamutumidza makore anopfuura manomwe basa iri yokufungidzira ichi mundima feat.

protagonist

Description Evgeniya Onegina, maererano mabhuku, anoyeuchidza munhu Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev - munyori "Tsamba youzivi". Uyu hunhu ane simba simba, inosidzikwa kunhivi zvarongwa yokufungidzira nevamwe vatambi anoratidza pachavo. Pushkin akanyora nezvake se "shamwari yakanaka." Eugene akapiwa dzekare dzidzo kwamachinda, zvachose kuine "Russian-ka." Uye kunyange anopisa unopinza, asi pfungwa inotonhora, ndiye munhu chiedza anotevera zvimwe pfungwa uye kufungira. Hupenyu Evgeniya Onegina riri shoma. Kudivi rimwe, ndiwo nomutorwa kune tsika dzenyika, iye rinooneka criticizes pavo; uye pamusoro mumwe - zviri pasi nawo. The gamba haagoni kunzi chinoshingaira, asi chinhu nomuvuki mucherechedzi.

Mupepa mufananidzo Onegin

mufananidzo wake - inosuruvarisa. Chokutanga, aisagona dzafumurwa rudo. Eugene akateerera chikonzero, asi kwete mwoyo wake. Zvisinei, haana norukudzo noruremekedzo akataura Tatiana, akamupa kunzwisisa kuti haagoni kuwira murudo.

Chechipiri, aisagona dzafumurwa ushamwari. Duel yeshamwari yake, mukomana ane makore 18 okuberekwa kudanana Lensky, iye tinongoita anotevera pfungwa nechiedza. Iye sokuti haana kutsamwisa yekutenga zloyazychie okuberekwa inveterate duelist Zaretsky pane kurega kupopotedzana zvachose nebenzi pamwe Vladimir. Zviya, Pushkin nyanzvi, masayendisiti anodavira vaduku Kuchelbecker kumumvuri Lena.

Tatiana Larina

Kushandiswa kwezita Tatiana muna Eugene Onegin yokufungidzira waiva anoziva kubva Pushkin. Zvechokwadi, pakutanga pamusoro XIX remakore, zita iri zvaionekwa anonyadzisira uye isingashandi. Uyezve, kwasviba vhudzi uye mutsvuku, anofunga, nyararisa, hazvina kukodzera nyika runako zvinangwa. Tatiana (sezvakaita munyori yokufungidzira) akada chevarwere Ngano, izvo iye kakawanda akaudza mukoti. Zvisinei, kwayo chaiyo aiverenga mabhuku.

The nganonyorwa wacho vatambi

Kunze pamusoro zano-vanonyanya kutaurwa kuti muverengi zviri yechipiri. Izvi nganonyorwa "Eugene Onegin" mifananidzo hatuzoumbiki rangano, asi mukwanisi nayo. Izvi Tatiana hanzvadzi Olga, isina socialite mudzimai, waiva murudo Vladimir Lensky. Mufananidzo mureri Tatiana, nyanzvi pamusoro pevairwara Ngano, ine pachena kumumvuri - murapi Alexander Sergeyevich, Arina Rodionovna. Chimwe zita gamba iri yokufungidzira uri kwandaive Tatyanoy Larinoy mushure akapfira mate nomurume Evgeniem Oneginym - "huru-mukuru".

Host landlords kana kupinza kupinda Roman Pushkina nezvimwe Classics Russian. Skotinin ichi ( "Oaf" Fonvizin), uye zvinokakavara ( "vavakidzani ngozi" V. L. Pushkina).

pamusoro pevairwara

The soro rumbidzo nokuda Alexander Pushkin aiva kuongorora yakapiwa chitsauko chokutanga "Evgeniya Onegina" nemunhu, iyo nyanduri vaiona mudzidzisi wake - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim. Opinion akanga laconic kwazvo: "Iwe - wokutanga nezuva Russian Parnassus ..."

Encyclopedic nganonyorwa mundima zvakarurama airatidza Russian chokwadi pamusoro pakutanga XIX remakore, akaratidza nzira youpenyu, zvainyanya, magariro basa siyana sectors munzanga: St.-Petersburg yakakwirira munzanga, kuMoscow kwamachinda, varidzi, varidzi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Zvichida zvakadaro, asi nekuda yemubatanidzwa uye dzakaonda kuratidzwa Pushkin yake basa, tsika, tsika, nemafungiro, modes iyoyo mabhuku mutsoropodzi Vissarion Belinsky akamupa rondedzero nzwisisika yakadaro kuti 'basa iri yakakurumbira kwazvo "uye" Russian Encyclopedia of Life. "

Pushkin aida kushandura rangano

History kwezvisikwa "Eugene Onegin" - ndiye shanduka vechiduku nyanduri, akanga atora makore 23 nokuti yose basa. Uye kana ari prose nhungirwa dzakadaro dzakanga kare (rangarira incognito rakabudiswa bhuku Aleksandra Radischeva "Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow"), kuti realism munhetembo panguva yakanga undoubted utsanzi.

Neurongwa hwekupedzisira mabasa yakaumbwa chete munyori muna 1830. Akanga zveufende uye gaya. Kuti zvetsika chakasimba vanonzwa kuti zvisikwa zvake, Alexander akasarudza kutumira kana Evgeniya Onegina kundorwa kuCaucasus, kana kuti kuzvitengesa kupinda Decembrists. Asi Eugene Onegin - gamba of itsva mundima - vakasikwa Pushkin mumwe femero, se "dzakaunganidzwa motley zvitsauko", uye ichi ndicho kwayo wemashiripiti.

mhedziso

"Eugene Onegin" chibereko chokutanga munhoroondo Russian sezvazviri itsva mundima. Ndiwo muganhu nokuti XIX remakore. The nganonyorwa yave kuzivikanwa nokuda nzanga zvikuru nevanhu. tsananguro Encyclopedic Russian pedyo mhuri pakuri kumusoro artistry.

Zvisinei, maererano vatsoropodzi, chikuru hunhu yokufungidzira ichi vachiri haisi Onegin, uye munyori basa. unhu ichi hakuna chivakashure chimiro. mhando iyi bofu panzvimbo nokuda muverengi.

Alexander anoshanda ari murugwaro zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika ari kubatana, achiti kuti "anokuvadza North", etc. Pushkin avapo asi asingaoneki ose mabasa, muchidimbu muverengi kuseka, uve nyaya. prices ake vari kurova ezvipikiri mumusoro.

Fate akarayira kuti Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin akaongororwa nevanhu wechipiri kwakakwana pakadhindwa yokufungidzira ake mundima muna 1937 (yokutanga yaiva 1833), chikafa atombokuvadza pamusoro Black River pedyo pamunda Commandant wacho. Circulation 5000 Makopi vakaronga kutengesa rose gore. Zvisinei, vaverengi vane akaritenga kwevhiki. Mune remangwana Classics mabhuku Russian, imwe nguva yake, akaramba okusika kunotsvaka Alexander. Vose vakanga vachiedza kusika gamba nguva yake. Uye Mikhail Lermontov mumufananidzo Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Pechorina ( "Hero Chenguva Yedu"), uye Ivan Goncharov mumufananidzo them Oblomova ...