The abolition pamusoro serfdom

MuRussia, kubudikidza pakati agrarian uye murimi mudiki mubvunzo remakore rechi19 rakava chakasimba magariro uye enyika dambudziko. Zvose in Europe serfdom zvakanga chete pane kuti zvipingamupinyi kuti zvamagariro, matongerwo, uye zvoupfumi. Kuchengetedza serfdom vakasonganira zvinoitwa autocracy. Sezvo kuvambwa kwenyika uye absolutism mairi, hurumende aivimba kungobva vanokudzwa, uye saka aifanira kutora nyaya zvose zvaanofarira.

Vazhinji paruzhinji uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanobvumirana nepfungwa yokuti serfdom muRussia kunhau hurumende chokuita nayo muchikwata che shure inoti. Musoro murimi mudiki yekusunungura nguva dzakakurukurwa voruzhinji mukupera rechi18 - nemakore 19th emakore. The abolition pamusoro serfdom slavophiles dzatora mupfungwa dzokumadokero, asi Decembrists. Mubvunzo murimi mudiki yekusunungura akarerwa nevamwe wevatariri of Legislative Commission - Chuprov, Maslov, Polezhaev. The abolition pamusoro serfdom uye kunetseka vadzidzisi, uye vamwe kukuru munzanga kurovedzera.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi19 akasimbisa zvakakonzera kuparadzwa feudal hurongwa zvinhu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ino yave akararama richibatsira wayo, kunyanya kubva zvoupfumi pfungwa maonero. Inobva basa serfs, kurima varidzi kusviba. Hurumende wehurumende uyu hanya, sezvo kutsigirwa Varidzi vakapedza hombe mari yakawanda.

The abolition pamusoro serfdom paidiwa nyika. mazuvaano nemasimba maindasitiri zvakanga zvakaoma panyaya murimi mudiki nedoro. Serfdom kwaiva chipingamupinyi kuunganidza guta iro rave paakapiwa pakuburitswa. Uyezve, zvakaoma kuumba vakasununguka vechibharo musika, mukanyanyisa vanotenga simba vemo.

The abolition pamusoro serfdom zvinoreva kupa vanhuwo zvavo pachavo rusununguko uye kodzero dzevanhu. The Manifesto rakagamuchirwa muna 1861, musi 19 February. Under itsva kuchinja, murimi aigona kuita zveefa, neImba usingazungunuke uye chinjwa pfuma, kuti ave sangano repamutemo. Kubvira ipapo, vanhu vakasunungurwa kubva tutelage vomuridzi womunda, aigona kuroora pasina mvumo yake. Varimi vaibvumirwa kushumira uye kudzidza mamwe makirasi (burghers uye vatengesi).

Serfdom yakaguma Zvisinei, ukama rusununguko murimi mudiki yaiva duku. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo nechokuita kuchengetedza munharaunda. Bourgeois budiriro mumusha waiva zvakaoma zvaiita nyika varidzi, yakawiriranwa basa, kunze kwokurangana. Vanhuwo zvavo panguva iyoyo chete evanhu stratum, vanobhadhara yokuvhota, akatakura kuhondo uye aigona kurohwa sechirango.

Zvatinopiwa pamusoro Kusunungurwa kubva vanhuwo zvavo waidzora zvikunde nyika runofarira. Zvisinei, muna muitiro kugadzirisa izvi nyaya minda nokuda akasunungura Warigirwa yekudyidzana. Mukuwedzera, kwaizoita akaisa murimi mudiki aifanira kubhadhara rudzikinuro. Chokwadi, mari haana kuva. Kuti anotora landlords kudzikinurwa, hurumende akapa varimi chikwereti kwemakore 49, anomirira 80% unonyatsoratidza minda. Zvisinei, muna 1906, varimi vakaita abolition pamusoro rokudzikinurwa kubhadhara. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti panguva vakapiwa murayiro 2 mln. Rubles, riri kusvika mana nguva kupfuura chaiye musika kukosha nyika 1861. Panguva iyoyowo, kubhadhara vanhuwo zvavo 'kusvika muridzi kuva refu uye akabereka vanonzi nguva-vanosungirwa hurumende yakanga yakabviswa chete muna 1881.

Maererano vomuzuva, kuti murimi mudiki kuchinja chaiva chiitiko chikuru. The Manifesto akasunungura vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 30, wakasika zvinhu nokuda zvoupfumi munyika panguva. Zvisinei, kuti abolition kuti serfdom vakava yakaoma kunzwisisa pakati vanhu uye hurumende.