Chii fence uye chii vari nemigumisiro yayo?

Fence ari historiography ndiwo muitiro nerokuparadzwa rokurima nenzanga kumapurazi muEurope. Most kazhinji izwi rinoshandiswa kureva England munguva dzazvino.

Kurima munguva XVI remakore England

Kuti tinzwisise zvinodzidziswa fence, unofanira kudzokera kuna Tudor yaitonga. Panguva iyi jira indasitiri yakatanga nokukurumidza England. The mitengo kuti shinda, izvo zvaizoitawo kuda kukuru mune zvoupfumi kukosha kuzvipfuwo, kunyanya kuteerera zvikuru rwakabhadharwa kuna kumafuro kuti zvigare. Around ichi zvekuvaka kwindi hondo.

Wealthy Varidzi madzishe vakatanga kutenga kufudza murombo vanhuwo zvavo. nzvimbo idzi dzakarendwa varimi. purazi Single yakapararawo. Most venyika Chirungu zvaizoparadzirwa pakati kwamachinda, chechi uye hurumende.

freeholder

Varimi British inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zviviri. Wokutanga - freeholders, kana inonzi vakasununguka varidzi. Havana kuziva kuti fence. ukama hwavo madzishe vaiva sezvinotevera. Vomumusha aibhadhara duku rendi nyika yavo uye aigona kurasa vavo sezvavaida. boka iri akagara zvikuru hwomutambarakede ezvinhu nokuti ipapo zvokurima Estates. Panguva iyo kwaiva zvishomanana Freeholders. Vaiva chidukuduku chokurima nevanhu England.

rukudzo

Zvakasiyana ndozvakaitika yechipiri murimi mudiki strata. varimi kwakadaro inonzi akamunamata. kirasi iyi yakaumbwa muna XIV remakore, pashure serfdom yakaguma muEngland. Izvi zvinosanganisira chaizvo chirongwa yakakomberedzwa.

Rukudzo vaiva nyika yavo chete nokuda kwoupenyu hwose zvakanaka. Izvi zvaireva kuti murimi mudiki aiva kutaurirana naIshe lessor mamiriro ezvinhu nhaka yake kusvikira kuzvizvarwa zvamangwana. Izvi zvinoshandawo chero nyika kwema. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhuwo zvavo izvi (uye vakanga ruzhinji) vakava novimba Lords. Uyezve, mumwe chisungo roja mari yake nyika mari yerendi.

Sezvo shinda munyika vakatanga kumuka mutengo, madzishe akatanga massively kuwedzera mitengo nokuda Rental. Izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda urombo vanhuwo zvavo. Vakawana pachavo chikwereti uye akaenda zvachose. Pasina tsika hurongwa co-kuvapo mumusha rwakavhunika. Zvino XVI remakore.

The impoverishment miduku yokuruwa

Semuripo zvikwereti kubva kuvarimi yasarudzwa pachavo wokuronga kwavo. Izvi kwaiva kutanga muitiro capitalist kugadzirisa mumusha. nzvimbo Expropriated vari akakombwa kubva yapfuura varidzi (nayo richizonzi yatakurukura pfungwa).

Kazhinji, murimi vaizorasikirwa kunyange nyika yose yaakanga asati. vanhu vakadaro vanova vashandi vanobhadharwa vari chete madzishe. Chii fence nokuti vakawanda vavo? muitiro uyu impoverishment. Fani iyi ane mukurumbira izwi, ndi "pauperization". Poor vanhu vakava sevapemhi uye vagrants. Ndiwo zvakaipira zviruva.

Uyewo, uyu muitiro wakanga yakawedzera ne Chirungu Reformation kwakaitika. Royal simba aipikisana Papa. Henry VIII akazivisa kuti iye zvino nyika yake ichava ishande chechi vayo. Panguva iyo kwaiva kutorerwa nyika isiri dzemamongi uye nemamwe masangano echitendero. Holdings akapfuura kuti hurumende. Vakararama vanhuwo zvavo vakawanda. Vazhinji vavo vakasara pasina nyika - pano zviri akakombwa. Makakatanwa chokuita azvaiitwa zvakatungamirira dzakawanda murimi mudiki kumukira munyika.

Economic kukura pashure yakakomberedzwa

Vagari hwokumusoro enyika kunoratidzwa kunyanya urombo. Muganhu nharaunda ane underdeveloped kwezvivako. Varimi Vazhinji akaenda kunoshanda varwi panzvimbo yenguva dzose mubhadharo munyika mutero. The capitalist kuchinja uye fence kusvika nharaunda iri rokupedzisira chijana. The kwacho kwakaita azvaiitwa yava Central uye South East England. Pano kunetsana pakati madzishe uye vanhuwo zvavo zviri zvikuru kuoneka.

In kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero munyika chinyakare zvaiita mararamiro yakatora nguva refu. Paiva yeshinda fekitari, yakawanda mafuro. Kopigoldnye upfumi munyika mumatunhu aya kugadzikana tichienzanisa nedzimwe nharaunda yacho.

Migumisiro kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakanga fence kumadokero? Pano ivo dzinenge asingaoneki. The Lords vakaedza kuwedzera Holdings dzavo nokumutsa mari yerendi. Nzira iyi zvave kuvanza uye kwete kubudirira sezvinobvira zvakananga expropriation.

Chii fence? Zviri zvakare chaizvo kuti pave pamwero mukuru indasitiri. nzvimbo iyi upfumi muEngland iduku dzakabudirira pane mamwe vapfumi nyika. Somuenzaniso, muna Netherlands nhamba mafekitari, zvigayo nezvimwe itsva mapurazi vakanga guru zvichienzaniswa pachitsuwa pedyo. Kana guru Varidzi venyika England vakaunganidza munhu guta guru tichiregeredza fence, mari yavo vakaenda kukura indasitiri. Nokuda musiyano ichi pakati England uye Holland muna XVIII remakore yave kukunda.