"Imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana" - Politics mu China

China - mumwe nyika kupfuura munyika. Izvi kare. Mhuri dzakawanda nevana vakawanda munyika. Ndima China Zvisinei guru, asi vanhu pamusoro payo rakawandisa. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, zviremera vakasarudza kukanganisa wevanotungamirira mamiriro, achivaratidza chirevo "imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana".

Zvinoumba chirevo ichi

Mutemo wakatangwa munyika iri 70s remakore rapfuura. Zvinonzi chokuita chokwadi kuti panguva ino muna China, aivapo akawanda mhuri huru. Nemhaka iyi pasi upfumi uye nemararamiro. Yaiva nzvimbo kugadzirisa mhuri huru - havana zvakakwana mativi mamita muupenyu. Somugumisiro, mhuri idzi zvinoda kutarisirwa ravo nehurumende uye zvichingodaro. Naizvozvo, nokuti mhuri nemwana akaberekwa chete mumwe akapa kuti aigona zvakanakisisa panguva iyoyo kusvikira hurumende. Uye vaya nokuda kwechikonzero vachiri akaberekerwa vana, mutongo anoda kubva 4 8, avhareji mari yacho nharaunda negore paaigara mhuri. chaizvoizvo vabereki vakadzikinurwa vana.

"Imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana" - Politics mu China - yakanga zvainanga mukuderedza vanhu muna 2000 vanhu mabhiriyoni 1,2. Ivepo administrative matanho, achishingaira akasimudzira nhumbu, pamuviri akava akakurumbira. Asi nei China yakazadzwa nevakabva kudaro?

Zvaiitika kune vakawanda vana China

China ndiyo inozivikanwa kwayo vakawanda kubva panguva Samurai. Vari kushanda munyika kukura, nepo vakadzi vavo vakatevera upenyu hwemhuri uye kuva nevana. tsika iyi ave achishingaira mberi pashure Second World War. Panguva ino, zviremera vakaona kuti vanhu vakawanda vakaurayiwa munyika rehurumende zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kurera pachiyero zvoupfumi, uye akapiwa kugadzwa mhuri huru. Nokushingaira vanokurudzira kuberekwa vana mumhuri 3-4.

Apo vanhu vakatanga kukura, vakaedza zvakagadziridzwa kuderedza prices izvi, akasuma mitemo yakasiyana-siyana kuti mhuri. Asi zvikuru mwero simba pamusoro wevanotungamirira ezvinhu munyika akanga mutemo "imwe mhuri - mwana mumwe" mu China. Zvakange pamutemo kushandisa muna 1979.

Kunyanya kufungisisa yevagari mu China

mutemo uyu yatova nenguva iyoyo aiva misungo ayo uye zvainovhiringidzawo. Zvose chokuita peculiarities yezvinotaurwa nhamba yevanhu uye nhamba munhukadzi pabonde. In China, hapana kubereka kunyoresa, uye kunyoresa zviri kuitwa chete pamusoro nhamba yevanofa mumhuri munhu 1 gore. Izvi hazvirevi kugutsa chikumbiro chaiyo nhamba yevanhu munyika, saka zviri kupfuura nhamba.

Mutemo "mhuri imwe - mwana mumwe" pakarepo akamhanyira matambudziko pamusoro chechikadzi chechetere. Munyika ino, hapana mafungiro akadaro kune hadzi bonde, sapamazuva Europe. Women kune kudzika kupfuura vanhu pamusoro chinzvimbo uye kodzero. Naizvozvo, kana iye akaonekwa mhuri rokutanga, vabereki vakaedza pachivande kuti mvumo kuti mwana wechipiri. Zvakaitika kuti zviremera kusarudza ndiani kuti asununguke kechipiri, uye hazvisi kuna ani zvakakodzera.

Sezvo vana vane ukama upfumi munyika?

Somugumisiro mutemo "imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana" zviremera vachine zvinhu zvakanaka. The zera nemamiriro Chinese vanhu yachinja, uye akachinja akawanda mari kusvika mhuri. Per mwana nehurumende anopedza mari ndoda pane matatu kana mashanu. Somugumisiro, kusachengeteka kukuru ndiko mubvunzo mubayiro inowedzera, nokudaro kuramba zvakachipa basa panguva kumusoro kwevanhu utano. Uyezve, vakadzi, vasunungurwe vanosungirwa kuchengeta ziso vana kushandiswa kukwanisa kuenda kubasa, riri kubatsirawo pamusoro zvoupfumi ikure mamiriro. Mukuwedzera, hurumende havana kufunga sei zvokudya uye kudzidzisa vana rechipiri uye hunotevedzana vachivatevera.

Zvose izvi zvakanaka, uye kunyange aine nguva yakakwana kuti nyika kana vana vane vaduku, uye kunyange akwegura zvishoma. Asi mutemo "mhuri imwe - mwana mumwe" (China) ane pamusoro nguva kuratidzwa uye shure mativi avo. Takatanga kuva nematambudziko dzisina pakarepo kuverengwa.

Zvakawandisa vakwegura Chinese

Apo aiva nguva vashoma vakwegura Chinese vanhu, hapana akafunga zvichaitika inotevera, uye zviremera vakaguta pamwe mutemo "mhuri imwe - mumwe mwana". The matambudziko akatanga pedyo 2010-fung gore: yevagari redistributed, vanhu pakati pemakore wava murayiro zvikuru zvikuru. Shure pavo zvino vaifanira kutarisira, asi hapana aigona kuzviita. The kushanda vakawanda rinoshanda, uye vechiduku hakuna kukwana.

Nyika yakanga isina kugadzirira mudyandigere Mutemo iyo mamiriro paanotarisira kugutsikana vakwegura. Naizvozvo, vazhinji Chinese dzakamanikidzwa kunyange 70 makore kushanda nesimba kuti uwane chokurarama nacho.

Paiva dambudziko vakasurukirwa vakwegura. Paiva nechimwezve mutoro nezuva evanhu mabasa dosmatrivaniyu izvi vanhu. Zvaiita sokuti muimba imwe nguva akanga murume mumwe chete uyo vasisagoni kurarama panyama mupfungwa.

udyire dambudziko chevana chokuita mutemo zviremera

Chechipiri ngozi wokuti "mhuri imwe - mwana mumwe" kwava dambudziko rokudzidzisa vana. Kudivi rimwe, mukana kodzero kurera mwana, kumupa zvose zvamunoda, zvikuru kupfuura kupa zvose izvi nokuda nomwe. Asi vazhinji vakaona kuti vana vava kufunga zvakatinakira. Kunyange ndaiva muenzaniso wakadaro, kana mai aiva nepamuviri mwana wechipiri uye wokutanga musikana kuyaruka akamuisa ezvinhu kana mai anoita pamuviri, mumwe musikana akazviuraya. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti youdyire chokupiwa kuvabereki zvose pfungwa uye regai udzawo munhu.

Dambudziko pamuviri anyatsosarudza

Akapiwa mafungiro Chinese vakadzi, uyewo rairambidzwa nhamba yevana vari mumhuri, hazvishamisi kuti vabereki vangada kuva mukomana. Asi pabonde haasi predskazhesh, saka vazhinji vakatanga kutsvaka mukana kuziva ani vachava nekukurumidza kubvisa vasikana ndisingadiwi.

Paiva pamutemo mabasa nokuda Implementation kuti Ultrasound kuona fetus pabonde, kunyange zvazvo hakubvumidzwi nemutemo. "Imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana" - Politics mu China - kwakatungamirira pamuviri yakasarudzwa izvo zvave kujairika pakati Chinese vakadzi.

Dambudziko rokuwana vakaroorana kuti muduku Chinese

Somugumisiro, pashure idenda rokuberekwa vakomana ipfupi zvikuru nhamba vasikana munyika. Pakutanga, izvi haana kuona chero dambudziko. Zviri nani kuva mukomana mumhuri, iyo zvino yava pakuriritira mhuri. Politics, kunyange dzimwe madenderedzwa Yachinja zita: ". Imwe mhuri - mumwe mwana pamwe nedzidzo yepamusoro" Vabereki vanozvikudza kuti ape mwanakomana wake ane dzidzo yepamusoro, sepavaigona kumudzidzisa.

Asi kwemakore, vasikana munyika zvishoma uye zvishoma, yakawanda nevakomana, uye pane rimwe dambudziko - kutsvaka nomukwanyina kana vakaroorana. In China, paivhu ichi rave richiwedzera ungochani. Zvikonzero izvi zviri kunyanya bapiro zviri kupfuura varume vakawanda. Vamwe Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti vechidiki vari kuita ungochani kunomboita, vakagadzirira kupinda chetsika muchato, kana paine mukana wakadaro. Panguva iyoyo, nhamba hono vakawanda akavamba pamusoro nehadzi zvikuru vanhu mamiriyoni 20 sezvo.

Kuzvarwa muna Hong Kong. zvakawandisa rwaamai

Politics, anobvumira kuti asina mwana kupfuura mumwe mumhuri, anosarudza kuti kota kuberekwa kwemwana. Saka, vakawanda Chinese vakadzi, vaya vakasarudza ari mwana wechipiri, vaifanira kuenda kubereka mumwe nzvimbo - in Hong Kong. Pane mitemo vari zvishoma inoomesera, uye hakuna kuisa quotas. Asi dambudziko zvakatanga munyika duku. Pashure pezvose, nhamba Chinese vakadzi zvakakwirira, uye kukwanisa akagadzirirwa kuti maternity muchipatara pamutemo nevanhu Hong Kong. Somugumisiro, kwete vakadzi vose vemo vakakwanisa kubereka hwomutambarakede ezvinhu - muzvipatara kumbobvira nzvimbo yakakwana. Zviremera vose nyika vakatanga kundorwa "amai ushanyi."

Remangwana nyika ine mutemo uyu

dzidzo chezvawanyora mwana mumwe chete mu China zvakakonzera kwaita pakavanda itsva yevoruzhinji zororo - Day of mapatya. Nokuti mhuri kwainzi chiitiko chikuru kuzvarwa kwemapatya, sezvo akavapa kodzero kurera vana vavo vaviri. Aizoita sei kuti simba kana vakaedza kuchidzivirira, asi hauzopindi rinopesana nechisikirwo. Apo vabereki vakadzidza kuti vanozova mapatya, mufaro wavo vaiziva vachabata denga - izvozvo avabvisira yakanaka mwana wechipiri uye mhuri yakawedzera zvikuru sezvo vaviri chishamiso diki. The nyika yakatanga kuronga mitambo mapatya panhau iyi.

Asi mutemo uyu hairevi dziwande duku yenyika vashoma, iyo haapfuuri vanhu 100 zviuru vari Vagari yose China. vanhu ava zvakare vakanga rombo - vane kodzero kubereka vana vakawanda vachida.

By kuongorora zvose matambudziko uye misungo vakagamuchira panguva pakuguma 70s remakore rechimakumi maviri mutemo mwana imwe mhuri, zviremera China vauya pakugumisa kuti zvinokosha kupfavisa mashoko ayo uye kuti vakwanise veruzhinji kutakura, kwete mwana mumwe chete. Somugumisiro "mhuri imwe - mwana mumwe" - Politics mu China - yave akadzima. Izvozvo zvakaitika muna October 2015.

Utungamiri munyika akafarirwa mutemo mutsva kutendera mhuri vana vaviri. Maererano fungidziro dzavo, izvi zvichaita kugadzirisa dambudziko pamuviri zvokusarudza, hazvizovi pakutsvaka vakomana mumhuri, uye vazhinji vanobvuma kukura mberi uye nevasikana. Kunze, kwete izvozvo unopinza kuderera vechiduku vakawanda, uye yaitsiva vabereki maviri okuberekwa aizouya vana vaduku vaviri. Mukuwedzera, kwete vakadzi vose Chinese vanogona vana, uye vamwe rucharamba nemwana mumwe. Naizvozvo wevanotungamirira mamiriro ezvinhu haachinji yekudyidzana pamwe kuitwa mutemo mutsva.

"Mhuri One - mumwe mwana": kudzimwa itsika

Chokwadi, pane runyerekupe pamusoro utsinye ari Chinese zviremera pazvinhu chokubereka. Ini akafemera kuti vagari venyika ino, pakwakanga pakupedzisira aparadza kubva 1 January 2016 mutemo yokuberekwa mwana mumwe ari mumhuri kurerukira. Asi sezvo iri zvinosiyana? Akazadzisa hanya tsika chezvinonhuwira vemo. The ndechokuti mutemo ichishanda kwemakore 35, yava zvakasimba zvinopesana zvoupfumi zvinodiwa nyika. Ndokusaka mutemo "mhuri imwe - mwana mumwe" chave akadzima. Chii anopa nyika ino, uye vabereki vechiduku?

Vamwe vari vasingafariri kukanzura ichi, sezvo vanobvuma pfungwa mwana tiguu. Asi kuti utye rakapinza yekupindurwa wevanotungamirira ezvinhu hakuna zviripo. Chokwadi ndechokuti mumakore achangopfuura (kubva 2013th) kare wakaitwa mitemo easing - kumbowana nevana vaviri mumhuri umo runenge rimwe kuwanana akakurira mumhuri. Nokudaro, Chinese zvakagadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti kukanzura itsika.

Nokuti muduku mhuri kukanzura - munhu kufema mhepo yakachena. Pashure pezvose, panguva zvemitemo pamwero vaisabvumirwa kurera "madzimambo duku" - udyire vana, uye vaviri dzakazara nhengo vanhu, anogona kugara chikwata.