Inogadzirisa sensor: chigadziro uye chirevo chekushanda. Simba rakagadzikana: shandisa

Modern indasitiri, uye mabasa ezuva nezuva evanhu evanhu, zvakare, hazvibviri kufungidzira pasina ose zvemagetsi. Ivo kutibatsira pazvinhu zvose, uye vamwe mukugadzira akavhiyiwa kuita hazvirevi kubudirira pasina pavo. To "Vabatsiri" avo anofanirawo anosanganisira capacitive Switch.

Saka akadana converters chinoitwa parametric mhando. Kuyerwa rimwe bhuku kwakadaro mano rinoitwa kuburikidza Misiyano capacitance kana kuchinja zvimwe parameters zvinokosha. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nokukosha kuchinja capacitance pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvimwewo zvinoitika.

The kushanda nheyo capacitive Switch

Ndizvo zvakaitwa capacitive sensors. Nheyo kushanda havana kuoma zvakadaro, asi kurinzwisisa unofanira kuziva chinhu. Chokutanga tinofanira kuyeuka zvinotaurwa kuziva capacitance yacho capacitor. Chiito ichi kunoratidzwa zvinotevera payakavakirwa:

C = εεₒS / δ.

Mashoko aya anozivikanwa nevakawanda kubva chikoro wefizikisi Chokwadi, asi zvingadai hachingatongovakuvadzi kuzorodza ako okuyeuka uye yeuka, izvo zvinoreva nechimwe variables:

• S - nharaunda yacho capacitor kwamahwendefa.
• E - hama permittivity of dielectric zvinhu zvaishandiswa capacitor kugadzirwa.
• εₒ - sapamazuva wefizikisi unoratidza permittivity rusununguko nzvimbo.
• δ - saka unogona akasarudzwa kana pakukora ari dielectric mundiro, kana kure pakati anoverengeka akaturikidzana zvokunyama.

Saka, kubva nzira kumusoro kuti capacitance kuchinja zviri nyore. Zvakakwana zvimwe kuita pamusoro nzvimbo bwendefa dielectric zvokunyama, chinhambwe pakati mahwendefa kana zvakananga chete permeability wakashandiswa zvaAtemisi acho. Saizvozvowo, kusarudzwa zvikuru ukoshi kunoenderana kungobva pamazita mabasa izvo mudziyo vagadziri Wakaiswapo.

Saka, tinogona kuita capacitive Switch namaoko enyu, somunhu rinovaka nemaonero ndiro - zvatinosiita sandarara kana cylindrical capacitor, ndiro imwe iyo inongogara kusangana inodzorwa sangano iri muchadenga, iyo inosvitsa nokuchinja capacitance. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti apa payakavakirwa chinoshanda chete kana muri kuregeredza chose mucheto migumisiro. Tichataura zvakawanda pamusoro ichi muchikamu chokupedzisira ino.

Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti vakadaro yemagetsi midziyo anoshandiswa vanogara kuyera chisina kutsetseka uye Linear displacements zvinhu, pakuverenga kukura, asi vakashandisa basa, mwando, Kuwanda vanoshingaira fuma uye zvimwe zvinhu. Panyaya STRUCTURAL zvinoumba mubvunzo, ndokuti Bales dzinoitwa ndege-zvakafanana mune cylindrical housings pamwe mbambo electrodes,, aine lining ane dielectric zvinhu, uye kunyange pasina izvozvo.

Heano mazano ishande capacitive sensors. Nheyo kushanda vamwe vavo kuziva zvakawanda. Munyaya ino tinopa zvimwe Masvomhu anogona kubatsira kwauri.

Formula kutsanangura nheyo kushanda mamwe sensors

Level Switch pamwe zvichibvira kusiyana pachivara dielectric mahwendefa kunogona nokururamisira nyore anorondedzerwa kushandisa zvinotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

C = εεₒaH / δ.

By "X" kunoreva kuti urefu bindepinde pakati electrodes kushandiswa. Saka, "munhu" anoreva upamhi mahwendefa yacho capacitor. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vakadaro mano dzave kushandiswa muminda siyana maindasitiri, apo vari kushandiswa yokuyeresa yakarurama chisina kutsetseka tsika. vanokwanisa pakati transducer mune pakadai akawanikwa zvinotevera okuti:

C = εεₒ (r₂- r₁) / 2δ * (φₒ-φ).

Kuti zvakarurama ayere nehanya, unofanira kushandisa siyanei inonyatsoita:

K = εεₒ (r₂- r₁) / 2δ.

Ngationei kuti chii chinorehwa avo variables kuti vari chikamu equations izvi:

• r₁ - yomukati nharaunda yacho condenser mahwendefa;
• r₂ - rokunze nharaunda zvakafanana ndiro;
• φ - akayera panguva (chaiko) kukosha bindepinde angled;
• φₒ - kutanga kukosha bindepinde yorusvingo.

Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kutsanangura kwemasvomhu mashoko unorondedzera uchishandisa nheyo capacitive geji pamwe chinjika mhepo gwanza:

C = εεₒS / (δₒ-X).

Predictably, chikuru Clearance δₒ kunzwisiswa, tsamba X ndiwo zvakafanana misha nendiro. Teererai! Sezvo kunofambira mberi Unhu havasi chaizvoizvo Linear, yemanyorero padanho Switch ari mhando anoshandiswa kuyera displacements vashomashoma, chisingafaniri kusapfuudza uwandu 0,1δₒ. Sezvingatarisirwa, mano aya zvikuru akabvunza mu zvakarurama engineering, apo kunyange zvikanganiso zviduku kunogona kukonzera matambudziko zvikuru zvakakomba.

Kupi zvinogona kushandiswa?

Nzvimbo zvichibvira chikumbiro zviri chaizvo siyana. Saka, anenge maindasitiri ose anogona kusangana oparesheni, izvo zvinodzorwa nevanhu namano izvi. Kushandiswa kudzora kuzadza siyana matangi, uye zviri zvavo zvinogona emura, gaseous kana particulate (gasi Switch).

Kuwanda maindasitiri uye vakakwana dzevanhu mumaindasitiri basa iri yepamusoro, zvikuru hwakavimbika uye nyore kugadzira mano dzakadaro. Kubva pamwe zvezviratidzo izvi, vane zvakanaka kuti vanogona kushandiswa kunyange zvikuru zvechisimba ezvinhu akabata kwematangi mafuta.

Uyezve, capacitive Switch kungashandiswa se paunogumira chinja pamusoro conveyor mutsetse kana muchina mukugadzira chitoro. Zvakafanira uye yakarurama zvikuru Positioning pamusoro zvigadziriswe siyana.

napedyo sensors

Asi zvino kudiwa kukuru napedyo sensors, izvo zvakagadzirwa anawo musimboti. Kuwanda kwavo kushandiswa iri yakatopamhama. Izvi nokuda nekobiri mutengo namano kuti anogona kushanda anenge marudzi ose indasitiri. Zvisinei, pane anowanzoramba indasitiri apo kwakadai midziyo ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa:

• Kudzora Urume yakazara segirazi midziyo yakagadzirwa epurasitiki kana negirazi.
• A yakafanana basa rinoitwa navo kugadzirwa mishonga zvokudya (kusanganisira vana), uko rapera chigadzirwa iri mumapepa mumidziyo akagadzirwa segirazi nezvinhu. On the ichocho yakavakirwa uye basa Bale sechinhu capacitive mafuta Switch.
• Nokuti vachiongorora nzvimbo ngozi, pazvinobvira wakaputsika ichitenderera waya.
• Dzora nzvimbo yakafanana apo mutakuri conveyor bhandi raigona sousingabatsiri.
• Nomumwe kudzora mhando mishonga anobudiswa (kutendeutsa magaba, hombodo, kavha).

Hazvishamisi izvi zvemagetsi ndivo kupfuura mune nemagadzirirwo engineering, simba zera nezvimwe maindasitiri mazhinji akasiyana-sensors.

inclinometers

Namano kuti vava kwakapararira chete vashoma achangopfuura makore zvidiki kadikidiki capacitive inclinometer kupa hutachiwana yemagetsi goho mureza ane nokukura zviri Proportional kuti pakona Switch kushandiswa zvakananga.

Vakawanda zvikuru munda kushandisa mano aya: pachikuva kunangiswa gadziriro, Kutsunga Kutsauka uye deformation akasiyana-siyana unyanzvi rutsigiro matanda, uyewo chaiyoiyo kudzora mugwagwa, njanji kutsauka nenguva padariro kuvakwa yavo.

Uyezve, kushandisa kwakadaro mano kuona mupumburu inorema Marori nedzimwe motokari, elevators uye maindasitiri Vacheri dzione mwero chisina kutsetseka misha kuti zvokurima uye maindasitiri michina zvikuru guru.

Zvikuru capacitive sensors mafuta pamwero mumafuta indasitiri. Ivo anoshandiswa kunyange supertankers kuti kutakurwa imwe rwendo makumi uye mazana ezviuru ematani vakanatswa zvigadzirwa mafuta. mano ava chaizvo inoshanda kunyange zhinji kwazvo paumbwe condensate uye anokudzwa guruva kugadzirwa nzvimbo (zvakafanana gasi Switch).

Vanowana kushandisa kwavo nokuyerwa tsika Mhedziso uye hama kumanikidzwa mumatunhu uyewo pakukora ari dielectric zvinhu, izvo zvakanyanya kukosha mune zvinenge maindasitiri ose apo capacitors simba zvechokwadi zvinoshandiswa.

The chikuru zvakanakira capacitive sensors

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti capacitive Switch rakanakira zvakawanda kana ichienzaniswa dzakafanana namano kuti akaumba nheyo siyanei. Ngativerengei nyora chikuru zvakanakira izvi Kip:

• In mukugadzira, ivo chaizvo nyore. Mukuwedzera, kupfuura nyore uye zvakachipa zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa mukurima kwavo. Kunyange sensors capacitive mafuta pamwero yaishandiswa peturu indasitiri inokosha zvinhu vane chaizvo mwero saizi vane yakadereresa zvaibvira nenhanho kudyiwa yemagetsi simba. With maitiro izvi zvose, vakasiyana kwazvo pamwero nehanya, izvo kazhinji haungambofari zvikuru zvinodhura namano.
• Pfungwa, inogona capacitive Switch namaoko enyu, uchishandisa sezvo chawo chero yakavimbika zvikuru kana zvishoma uye yepamusoro mumaindasitiri capacitor.
• The contactsGoogle vane (chaizvo kazhinji ashandisa kuitika muteresi), izvo zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti basa iri ezvinhu vamatunhu guruva uye mwando.
• hwakareba upenyu basa, kuti chikwata kakawanda Anokwanisa "torazve" yakaderera mutengo wavo. Nokudaro, capacitive Switch (mutengo uri siyana 1200-1700 rubles) zvikuru kunobatsira kutora.
• Nokuti anozunungusa chinjwa mugove mudziyo kunodiwa kuti havanyanyi nesimba.
• The mudziyo uri nyore chaizvo chokubatanidza pamwe zvinenge Mapato ose midziyo rinoshandiswa chete maindasitiri mabasa.

zvinhu zvisingafadzi

Zvinosuruvarisa mumwe capacitive Switch ane zvimwe zvainovhiringidzawo, izvo kune pamwero omesa kushandiswa kwakapararira kwaiita michina. We wozvinyora muudzame:

• kutendeuka chinhu (i.e., hutachiwana) achiri pasi.
• Small Ukuru nyore zvakagadzirwa kubatsira pakuti nominated zvikuru yakakwirira yaanoti unhu kuongorora mano.
• Good capacitive chechetere Switch (uye vamwe kuyera midziyo zvakafanana) anogona kushanda zvinobudirira chete panguva imwe kakawanda yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mwero kukosha 50 Hz.

zvinokosha Notices

Zvisinei, zvose hachisi kuipa. Vagadziri Vazhinji vanotsvaka rakaisvonaka kudzivirirwa zvechadenga sensors nokuita zviduku kuchinja mamiriro avo. Kana kakawanda kushandiswa, mune tsika vanoratidza nemigumisiro yakanaka kwakapararira maindasitiri ukoshi 400 Hz.

Tatotaura pamusoro kuvimbika inokosha payakavakirwa chete kana akasateerera mupendero maturo. Asi zvinobatsira kuziva kuti anogona zvechokwadi inokanganisa chete chiitiko kuti daro pakati dielectric mahwendefa akafanana yavo kukura. Uyezve, mashoko kunambwa inogona kunyanya neutralize kungotaura kushandisa murindi mhete. Panyaya iyi, matambudziko pamuganhu migumisiro havagoni uchatamisa zvakanaka mhiri vakashandisa kwamahwendefa.

Kamwe zvakare, tinoona kuti imwe kumanikidzwa sensors vari dzinoratidzwa kunoshamisa nyore, izvo zvinoita kuti pave zvinoshamisa kugadzikana, Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka uye rweruzhinji mamiriro. Kana ukasarudza zvakanaka geometric kukura vaishandisa dielectric rinoshandiswa pagadzirwe yakadaro capacitor zvinhu haagoni kunyanya kunetseka.

Saka, zvakarurama kunhonga chicherwa chidhindo kuti kugadzirwa ari Switch kwedzimba, zviri kushanda kunyora nezvavo kunyange simba tembiricha nokufamba izvo kungaita nokuchinja capacitance pamusoro mudziyo wayo kukwana kuverengwa. Chokwadi, izvi hazvirevi obviate kudikanwa kuita kwazvo kure kumanikidzwa sensors uye zvimwe zviratidzo zviri hasha zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakadai. Pasinei havo yakakwirira mwando yakakwirira kwevari nemwaranzi kunogona kukanganisa rakavimbika mudziyo.

kupatsanura pakati sensors

Anoshandiswa maindasitiri pezvakaitwa kuti zviitwe kukubvumira kugovana mhando dzose sensors anobudiswa muzvikwata makuru maviri: odnoemkostnye uye dvuhemkostnye. Zvapedzisira mhando rakakamurwa differential uye poludifferentsialnye. Ngatimboongororai navo zvizere.

Odnoemkostny mudziyo. Panyaya iyi capacitive Switch redunhu zvikuru nyore, sezvo dzinonyanya chikamu ndicho capacitor pamwe shanduka capacitance. Zvinosuruvarisa kunyange zvishoma wakawedzera mwando netembiricha pane kururama zvinoratidza zvaioneka chaizvo zvazvinoita. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, pane sensors siyana kazhinji atadze kushanda zvakanaka. Kuti neutralize kwakakura zvikanganiso zvakadaro, zvinokosha kushandisa kusiyaniswa marongerwo.

Dvuhemkostny Switch. Chaizvoizvo, chiri kusiyaniswa maumbirwo yakadaro. Kazhinji zvinoita kuti asangane capacitive chechetere Switch iri kugadzirwa nenzira zano rakadaro. mano aya kubva huru zvipi rapfuura womuenzaniso, asi vane utera zvavo. Chinonyanya kukosha chinetso ndiko kudikanwa kushandisa zvaitawo waya mbiri kana nhatu pakati mudziyo pachayo uye pemvura, nekuti chete saizvozvi zvinogona kudzvinyirira anonzi parasitic capacitance.

Zvisinei, mumwe kumbonyanya vepamusorosoro Zano capacitive sensors munyika iyi zviri nyore kufuratira, nokuti kudzokera unokwanisa chinhu chaizvo yakarurama uye anenge mudziyo.

kuvaka sensors Specificity

Muzviitiko zvakawanda (kubva magadzirirwo nemaonero) pakusikwa vakadaro mano ndiyo matambudziko. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kana uchida kusika munhu Switch pamwe shanduka kwevari vachikanganisa. Zvisinei, zvakaitika zvinoratidza kuti zvinetso zvakawanda zviri kugadziriswa anenge akanyatsorurama calibration uye yakakwirira waivako zvakashandiswa mukurima. Kakawanda zvinetso izvi nezvakaonekwa vaburitsi dvuhemkostnyh sensors.

Kazhinji, ari specificity iyi mhando kuyera mano ndechokuti vanogona achimiririrwa dimensionless nhamba mbiri panyama zvakawanda (midziyo) vane nomazvo mumuviri mashoko uye zvaanoreva. Saka kuti vanogona zvakanaka kunzi "Yatanga Kuongorora kuti ukama." Kunakisa mano aya (navo makuru ndinoiitawo!) Ndiyo kuti kazhinji havagoni kuva magadzirirwo ayo mamwe matanho kuti mwero atonhodze kunonatsiridza akavimbika zvinhu zvechokwadi akanyanyisa uye mamiriro.

Characterization pamusoro Linear encoders

All dzisiri emagetsi tsika, iyo kazhinji kunodiwa kudzora mu muindasitiri ezvinhu, zviri siyana chaizvo uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda. A chinokosha chikamu matanho kuti vari pasi pakuomerera chidhiraivho, kuti chisina kutsetseka uye Linear kufamba kunyange siyana hukawanika muchadenga. Kana ukashandisa capacitor ine zvachose dzakafanana yemagetsi kumunda pakaputsika, hazvina kuoma saka kuti yemagetsi sensors maviri marudzi anotevera:

• Umo nzvimbo electrodes ndiyo shanduka.
• Avo vane shanduka mukaha pakati electrodes.

Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti wokutanga mhando chinonyanya akakodzera kuti kugadzira kune chakakurisa kufamba, apo kushandisa siyana yechipiri inogona kuonekwa kunyange vamwe muviri kufamba muchadenga, kukosha iyo akaenzana microns mashomanana!

Sensors nokuti Pakusarudza chisina kutsetseka misha

Kazhinji, by design uye chinangwa, ivo vanenge zvachose kufanana kune yapfuura kuonana mhando. Zvakafanana kunoratidzwa muna ndechokuti sensors vari electrodes ane shanduka nzvimbo anofanirawo kushandiswa makuru kukura uye ane shanduka kure pakati electrodes pachavo - diki. Kazhinji, zvakadai mano vakaitwa multi-sectional, zvingangoita kuchinja nzvimbo yacho capacitor kwamahwendefa.

Kuti uite izvi, mumwe electrode rokutanga wakaiswa kuti chinjwa nomubato majana pazviri ikachinja nzvimbo hama rechipiri kuchinja nzvimbo kuti anopa bindepinde pakati dielectric mahwendefa ari capacitor. Sezvingatarisirwa, kana akanyora nokuchinja capacitance.

zvakawanikwa

Saka takakurukura dzinokosha zvechadenga ufanane chiridzwa, akaziva nzvimbo dzavo chikumbiro, pamusoro magadzirirwo features, nheyo chiito uye zvinogoneka michina mhinduro. Sezvaunogona kunzwisisa kubva nyaya, kuwanda capacitive sensors vavo zvikuru yakakwirira mukurumbira anobva chinokwezva kwazvo mutengo zvakadaro mano uye refu upenyu basa kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakatipoteredza.

Zvose izvi zvinokwanisika nemhaka chokwadi kuti, kubva rinovaka nemaonero, mamita izvi zvose zviri chete mureza capacitors, izvo nenzira yakati zvisingatarisirwi chikumbiro chavo inozivikanwa. Zvisinei, unogona uye kuwana zvichenjerere, kamwe zvakare kutarira kwemasvomhu Masvomhu kuti broadly zvinoratidza zvinotaurwa Kip basa.