Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography, mapikicha, zvivezwa

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ndomumwe chikuru vavezi vemabwe pakati Russian classicism, ane basa riri zvakazadza vaine zvinangwa Kujekerwa, inopenya emotionality uye akakwirira Humanism. Maererano muri Vatsoropodzi pakutanga XIX remakore, mumwe nomumwe nemabasa ake, "rinozivisa yakawanda fungidziro, manzwiro, yepakutanga Anotarira tenzi muruoko munyori."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - muvezi, zvose vemifananidzo wokuRussia vaigara, zvichida, pfupi, asi zvikuru penya upenyu. Kufarira ndiye musiki akaita vekare ngano uye vatambi nhoroondo Russian. Mavari, akawana neururami zvinokosha kwete chete nokuda vaairarama, asiwo zvizvarwa.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography

The ramangwana akakurumbira muvezi akaberekwa muna 1753 mumhuri mabhosvo magwa anokwasviwa nezvikepe, mumwe Mafuro gungwa St. Petersburg. Pano akapedza ake muduku kwemakore.

Pazera gumi nerimwe (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich nokusingaperi taparadzana musha uye vabereki akakumbira uwandu vadzidzi akabatana St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Panguva ino mune European uri - chivezwa, mapurani, kupenda - akakura Zvishoma nezvishoma classicism. Chakajeka mumiririri muitiro uyu uri aiva akakurumbira Russian muvezi Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Brief Biography of muvezi:

• .: 1773 zvidzidzo Academy aine menduru yegoridhe;
• . 1774-1778 gg: anogara muRoma somunhu zvedzidzo boarder;
• 1780:. MuMarseilles Academy of Arts paakavapa iye musoro academician;
• . 1784-1785 gg: vaurayiwa nokuda machena pechifananidzo Catherine II muchimiro yekare mwarikadzi uchenjeri, Minerva yave kuwedzera kukurumbira uye kuziva vakararama (the mudzidziso rokudzidzisa vanamba akakodzera mambo - akachenjera muparamende uye Airwira Nyika Yababa);
• pakutanga 1788 zvakare vakandowanikwa kumwe (Paris) kudzidza;
• . 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich anodzokera kumba, anosika zvivezwa rine runyararo kutenderera;
• muna 1796-M zvinowanisa chaizvo nhevedzano sculptural yokunyora nokudhirowa pamusoro musoro Trojan War, ichi nguva yose anoratidza kutsvaka monumentality, itsva features, rwakazokura mumwe kuurongwa mberi wakadhirowewa basa;
• munguva kubvira 1799 kusvika 1801 kushanda shongwe mutungamiriri A. V. Suvorovu, akarumbidza Russian mauto kuti kukunda kuchangobva muna Italian pamushandirapamwe;
• Muna 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich mu noujaya uye netarenda pakarepo akafa.

Akanga pakutanga akavigwa panguva Smolensk Orthodox kumakuva. Muna 1931, kuvigwa akanga atamira Alexander Nevsky Lavra pamusoro Lazarevskoye kumakuva

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: chivezwa

mabasa ake - staturnaya mapurasitiki reliefs, akakura chivezwa uye tombstones - vari azadzwa manzwiro uye kutobaya Humanism.

In manyorero mabasa ake yekudyidzana nechirongwa aesthetics French chivezwa XIVIII remakore. Ava, zvakanakisisa kuvazivisa ndiwo: shongwe A. V. Suvorovu muSt Petersburg, chifananidzo "Samson zvange pamuromo weshumba" (inoshongedza ikozvino mumwe Peterhof zvitubu), "rakagara Girl" (Winter Palace) uye "Hymen", akasika pachiitiko muchato Constantine Pavlovich (sezvo zvino muna Winter Palace), mufananidzo womunhu, akaita chidzidzo yakaitwa nevanhu.

Famous zvawo Bhanabhasi-reliefs: "The zvidzoke Regulus kuna muCarthage," "Camille, achimbozvizorodza Rome kubva Gauls" (iri St. Petersburg, ari Marble Palace), "Urayai of mhaka", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury uye Nymph", " Apollo "(zvinowanikwa miziyamu Alexander III).

mangwanani

In kwokutanga nguva okugadzira zvinhu musoro mukuru mabasa nomuvezi ndiro dingindira ehurumende simba, ushingi, kuzvipira uye kushinga.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich magamba reliefs avo anoita vakakurumbira vatambi kubva munhoroondo Rome yekare, izvo muzita Yababa uye vakaderera zvakanaka vanhu chibayiro pachavo. Kwakadaro basa rake "Regula kuonekana vagari veRoma" (1780) uye "Camille anobvisa vanosvotwa cheRoma" (1781).

Hill uye muchidimbu mufananidzo, Kujeka akafanana, kunyatsofunga uye Kujeka mitsetse uye mhando - zvinhu kusiyanisa basa iro Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich aishanda mangwanani nguva okugadzira zvinhu. Sculpture zvakakwana zvinoenderana mavakirwo chivakwa, yakavakwa manyorero mangwanani classicism.

Harmony chivezwa uye mapurani

Kunyanya rinopindirana nenzanga hwemashiripiti maviri - chivezwa uye mavakirwo - richiratidzwa nesuko reliefs raakasikira Concert Hall iri Catherine Park (Tsarskoye tiiviste). Munyori metende, akaita sezvinoita vakura classicism, ndiye George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Reliefs vane dingindira - mumhanzi. Orpheus mbira tames zvesango; Apollo, kuridza mumhanzi, anofarira nzeve Ceres; NeMuse Art ratidza unhu - zvakadai kwokurangana, izvo akateerera Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. The Wizard (mangwanani reliefs) akasiyana mutinhimira marongerwo equilibrated sezvamunoita kumeso contours uye kunokudzwa kwokushamisira mifananidzo. All zvinhu izvi kubatsira pakusikwa metende rakasiyana mimhanzi mhepo.

Statue Catherine II

A guru Chidhori Empress Catherine II muchimiro yekare mwarikadzi uchenjeri, Minerva (Ancient Rome) vakasikwa nomuvezi munguva kubvira 1784 kusvika 1785. The Empress iri yakafukidzwa nguo yekare uye surmounted ne sengowani (mwarikadzi hunhu). Iye anonongedza neruoko rumwe avete yake tsoka mikombe zvinomirira kukunda chokuzviona nayo. Chimwe Mambokadzi achakabata mupumburu une rakabudiswa nayo "nemagariro mitemo yake 'nyaya. Saka rinosanganisa pfungwa dzavo akakwana mambo - akachenjera muparamende uye Airwira Nyika Yababa - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, zvivezwa izvo kutakura chidhindo kuyemurwa kwake pfungwa Kujekerwa.

"Vigil Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marble chifananidzo, yakaitwa 1780s, ane kunzwisisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro zvinofananidzira. Mufananidzo mbiri gamba akare wakashandawo sehwaro nomuvezi kuti embody nevatambi dzidzo - dzidzo kutsvaka ruzivo uye kuda pokuoma.

Plastic mhinduro sezvamunoita uye mifananidzo tichiratidza mweya wakanyarara ukuru uye anokudzwa nyore. Edza siyana zvakaoma uye proportionality, anotsvedzerera Kudira zvitarisiko uye contours.

muviri jaya racho sezvo ari kutsimwaira ndivete, tsandanyama ake akafanana "kudzima" youpfu machena frosted kufukidza musoro wake patambo rwake patambo ibvi ake. Asi fallacy kuti zvinokonzera kunzwa ichi nerunyararo ...

yokunyora nokudhirowa

Zvakasiyana-siyana hwakawanda huripo vanodhirowa, zvakawanda zvacho regadziriro yokunyora nokudhirowa nokuti zvivezwa yemberi, kurondwa kubatana hwavo chikuru tenzi - iri dzaunogona uye misoro (mungano, Bhaibheri, Vhangeri), iri nzira romubati okuti pfungwa.

Asi vakawanda vanodhirowa Kozlowski zvingangodaro sechinoitika dzakazvimirira, rakazara kwakajeka mabasa. Pakati pavo vakasikwa mamita 1792 "Kufa Hippolytus" uye "Theseus kunosiya Ariadne." Vatsoropodzi vanoti mutambo uye mupfungwa zvikuru, izvo "fema" mabasa aya.

"Polycrates"

The nguva kubva 1788 kusvika 1790-fung muvezi zvakare, muParis, apo akaenda nezivo itsva uye ruzivo. Somugumisiro chaizvo okuyerera pazvidhindo anokonzerwa zviitiko hurumende kuita pamberi pake, akaberekwa ari kufemerwa itsva, madingindira itsva uye vanotongwa.

Revolutionary Paris muvezi akasunda pfungwa kuita nyaya nhoroondo yekare Greece Polycrates rufu Samosi mudzvinyiriri. Legend pakati nomuvezi Polycrates akashanda sepokutangira kusikwa rudzi ndeyokufananidzira mukupindura panguva zviitiko. The bepa kwakaratidza wakadhirowewa chido rokuvandudza mutauro wokufananidzira ounyanzvi. Ita izvozvo zvaitoshamisa. In chivezwa ake, "Polycrates" ari Fafitera iri inoparadzirwa nyota wakazadzwa kuti rusununguko, kutambura uye zvinorwadza kunzwa rokutongawo gamba.

musimboti kwokuchena pakunamata

Mugore 1792-mamita, chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa basa rapera - rakanaka chidhori "Sleeping Cupid" (machena). Munyori pave anoshamisa rine runyararo uye rinopindirana nzira.

ishamwari Its kwemanzwiro zvinoumbwa duku chidhori "psyche" (machena, 1801) mufananidzo, embodying kwokunamata, kuti dai zvinhu zvadzoka pazvaiva pamusoro unalloyed, inofara paupwere.

"Samson zvange pamuromo weshumba"

Muchirimo 1800 zvakanakisisa vatenzi Russian vakaunzwa dzifambirane Huru Peterhof Pazvinoitika. Basa akanga akatakurwa pamusoro kwemakore matanhatu.

Nzvimbo huru muurongwa akatora boka akasika Kozlovsky - "Samson zvange pamuromo weshumba." In pakusikwa munyori chivezwa yakashandiswa zvakatanga shure munguva Peter romweni iyo zvebhaibheri Samusoni akaziviswa pamwe St. Sampson, uyo muzana remakore rechi18 ainzi aiva musande aive Russia. Muna 1709, munyika kupemberera mundangariro dzake (27 June), Russian mbiri kukunda akanga akunda pamusoro yeSweden ari yakakurumbira Hondo Poltava. In unyanzvi Peter I, Samson aiva muenzaniso rinokunda Russian uye shumba (nechepakati mufananidzo nguvo Swedish zvombo) aimiririra akakunda mambo Swedish.

In chikuru zvivezwa ichifananidzwa akasimba asi ikadzivisa kufamba muviri simba raSamsoni. Achitendeukira ari nzvimbo iri zononoka, curving muviri zvokuti titanic kusununguka tsandanyama anonyatsooneka kuoneka, rinooneka dhonzai shure rutsoka uye musoro wake akakotamisa, gamba ake maviri kubvisa pamuromo weshumba.

Vanotsvakurudza zvakarurama akanongedza napedyo kuti chivezwa kuti Michelangelo kuti unyanzvi. Asi pfungwa uye fungidzira kugutsikana boka, zvakadzika nyika kunzwa, icho mudzidziso basa rake Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (Photo chivezwa uchapupu kuti), kusvika dzakateerera Fafitera zvakasiyana ungira - chizvarwa Russian nokutaura zvikuru nokuyemura mudzimba nhoroondo mwoyo - tsika.

Topics Russian nhoroondo

Topics nhoroondo yenyika ndivo kunakidza kwataizoenda mabasa nomuvezi. In yechipiri yezana 1790s iye akasika chidhori "Prince Jacob Dolgoruky Kubvisa youmambo chirevo" uye "Hercules mabhiza." Most kuzvipira zvizere kuti pave nemufananidzo mukuru ushingi uye kwamachinda vakaziva ne muvezi yake Monument wavarwi A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801) zvokunamata.

Hwose arch Monument

Yokufananidzira mufananidzo, nenzira yokufananidzira vachikudza Russia yaro kukuru wavarwi - saka pamuviri Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich shongwe Suvorov.

Basa rakatanga munguva upenyu gamba. Pazera makumi manomwe Generalissimo akaita yose chokurumbidza yaikurumidza kuuraya zvisina kumboitika munhau umhare kuchinja wokuRussia hondo pamusoro Alps. Muna 63 kurwa vari Russian akanga asiri kukundwa chete, muvengi 619 mireza dzakatorwa nebato vakundi. Famous rwendo Italian zvichava Russian muchiuto uye inokosha tarenda Aleksandra Suvorova isingasvavi kukudzwa.

Basa nomuvezi Kozlovsky akanga kusika hwose kwokukunda shongwe. Order riine nyaya: musaita refu umhare upenyu guru mutungamiri, kwete mavambo ake mufananidzo pfungwa, asi chete mabasa ari Italian pamushandirapamwe aifanira mumatauriro chifananidzo.

Portrait of mutauro zvinofananidzira

Uye nomuvezi zvakare vakatendeukira kuna mutauro zvinofananidzira. Light mutete mufananidzo uri kumativi nechigadziko - wechiduku vakashinga murwi ari dzokurwa, azere nesimba uye kumhanyira mberi. Uyu mufananidzo mwari hondo Mars Roman. The chokunyengetera. kurudyi, akabata munondo wakavhomorwa uri kutsunga kunoshamisa. Nesimba vachadzingwa jasi shure. Beautiful murume chiso, vanodada kusimudza musoro wake, kanan'ana chivimbo uye anokunda kuda, nounyanzvi akatamisira nomufananidzo - mufananidzo uyu idealized vakasikwa mwari hondo muvezi.

Ake murwi nhoo cover akatasva ichitsigirwa atari pamusoro izvo Sardinian uye Neapolitan korona uye papa tiaara. The kwokufananidzira zvinoreva mufananidzo uyu kuti zvombo Russian pasi pokudzora Suvorov kwakaita Italian danidziro kuchengetedza zvido nyika nhatu dzinomiririrwa.

At panhivi dzearitari yaiva mukadzi inofananidza uchimirira zvakanakisisa dzevanhu unhu: tariro, kutenda uye rudo.

Nechemberi kurutivi nechigadziko pane chifananidzo vayambuka welaurel uye emichindwe - chiratidzo Commonwealth shasha yokurwa uye runyararo.

Hero Shield rinoshandisa hondo mikombe - chinoumba, pfuti mireza. Noruzhowa rwakatenderedza shongwe hwakabatana nengetani kuputika mabhomba.

Ndeyokufananidzira zvinoreva kuti kuwanikwa zvose pamusoro pechifananidzo. Mashoko emhosva pamusoro nechigadziko: "Muchinda Italy, Count Suvorov Rymniksky" anodaro pamusoro ndiani akagadzira shongwe.

High zvemukati chokwadi

Pepa Kozlowski vaguely kuoneka chete asian mufananidzo yaakasika ndeyokufananidzira idealized mufananidzo mumwe anodiwa zvavo gamba.

The elongated kukura chiso, maziso yakadzika-yakatarwa, hombe mhino uye chaiwo chikamu penga nokuda kokuchembera, zvishoma mungarava mwari hondo vomunguva muromo yendarira aiziva unhu zvayo kukuru.

The fanano iri blurry chaizvo uye kure, kunze Portrait yakarurama hakuwirirani panzvimbo yokutanga yaiva Musiki chivezwa. Vachibayira kuvimbwa asian, akapa hauzununguki kuda uye anokunda vose simba Suvorov. mutauro Kozlowski kuti zvinofananidzira - akafananidza mwari hondo - uye idealized mufananidzo magamba makuru Russian mukuru kwemakore. Uye ichi - dzakakwirira romukati chokwadi basa rake.