Borisov-Musatov, yokudhirowa. Biography. zvisikwa

Borisov-Musatov - zita anoshamisa, rudzi Russian yokudhirowa, mabasa avo pakarepo kucherechedzwa. Unowanzonzi "muimbi Noble Nest". Mumwe aigona wedzera "muimbi Lilac" - saka iye ari tsvarakadenga pamatende ake, uye saka yakawanda nayo - anogona kuonekwa mifananidzo yakadai se "Self-mufananidzo hanzvadzi", "Spring", "May Flowers".

mumiririri Silver of Silver Age

Okugadzira zvinhu tenzi ichi, yakanakisisa uye yakakurumbira mumiririri unyanzvi chikoro Volga, rinoreva kwokufananidzira, asi, kuti chikuva yaro yechipiri. Painter Borisov-Musatov chikamu renyeredzi pakati chinopenya Artists of Silver Age. Mitsara Anna Akhmatova "... Silver uye mwedzi yakajeka pamusoro Silver Age ndakadaro ...", iro akapa zita iri nguva, akakodzera chaizvo mifananidzo womufananidzo. Beauty, zvakajeka, rugare norunyararo ...

The chidzoke of usage

Ndianiko - Ve Borisov-Musatov? The initials kwezita uye patronymic womufananidzo unomiririra Victor Elpidiforovich. zita Rare rababa kunoitika yaro munhau Russian nemauto - panguva World War First, vanoverengeka pfuti-zvikepe vakatakura zita.

April 2, 1870 njanji mushandi Elpidifor Borisovich Musatov akava baba, iye akaberekwa ari mukomana. The ramangwana Artist zvikuru kwazvo mhuri, kunyanya sekuru vake, inopenya unhu uye kunoshamisa, saka vanodada naye, kuti zita rake - Boris - akatora prefixed kune Generic zita Musatov. Somugumisiro, nyika anoziva yokudhirowa, ane zita - Borisov-Musatov.

Roll kufona nguva

Chokwadi, unogona kurarama remakore uye havana kuziva ichi muuki anoshamisa. Asi kana imi ndamboona mufananidzo wake, uye zviri retrospective chinodiwa (izvo zvisiri zvikuru, 77 chete - upenyu womufananidzo yakanga pfupi kwazvo), ivo vanoyeukwa nokusingaperi, vachisiya ari mweya mumwechete zvisaririra kuti vamwe mabasa Turgenev, akudzwa nyika dzematunhu kwamachinda. Viktor Borisov-Musatov akanga asiri munyori akararama shasha. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakatsoropodza vamupomera kupenda ari inoshandiswa pakutsigira uye unhu. Asi nemabasa akadai 'Noble Nest "," Asya ", mifananidzo womufananidzo -" Pond, "" Kumirira vaeni "" Solitude "- ndiyo yakanakisisa mifananidzo. Nyanzvi vanouti basa emifananidzo, elegies.

The Tsaona

The Artist kubva pauduku akanga akapoteredzwa rudo kwakamubatsira kuti arege kuva akasuruvara uye kukura zvakanakisa uye ushamwari munhu. Aigara nevanhu tsitsi naye. The Tsaona chakaitika kwaari aine makore matatu - akawira kubva pabhenji, uye somugumisiro munhu musana kukuvara muna Viti duku akatanga kukura kuva ano - chaizvoizvo akaridza utano hwomukomana. Gare gare Borisov-Musatov, ane Biography iri pfupi saka, handina kukwanisa nokuti hasha okunze kupedza St. Petersburg Academy of Art.

Zvinodiwa kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Mukomana kuedza kunyora pamwe 6 makore 14 pakupedzisira anosarudza kuva emhizha, uye muna 1886 akava mudzidzi ane private Studio Peredvizhnik V. V. Konovalova. Wokunzi mariri 4 makore, panguva imwe chete kupinda Sunday school N. Ananiev. Ndapedza kubva nokurovedzwa pachikoro muna 1898, iye anoramba kuwana ruzivo Studio panguva Saratov voruzhinji evanofarira.

In Saratov, hombe mushambadzi centre (zvinozivikanwa kuti vatengesi vaiva vanoitisana), aiva muunganidzwa ounyanzvi nyika yakanaka kwazvo. Musiki wedu muduku zvakamushanyira kugara uye vakatora zvidzidzo kubva kushanyira Italian Artist G. Barakki. Saka, Borisov-Musatov vakabudirira Inoziva unyanzvi zvedzidzo mufanidzo. By 1898 rinorondedzera mumwe mabasa ake okutanga, akachengetedzwa nhasi, yakanaka, nokungwarira zvakanyorwa panze uye fanned dzorudo mufananidzo "hwindo."

The kutanga kudzidzisa zvakakomba

Kubvira 1890, Borisov-Musatov - mudzidzi of Moscow Art School. Asi kuedza kudzidza yakawanda sezvingabvira unyanzvi huru, akaenda kuna St. Petersburg, ari kirasi P. P. Chistyakova. Nokuda murombo utano Borisov-Musatov akadzokera kuMoscow, uko muna 1893 anodzidza kubva V. D. Polenova. Achiedza mberi zvakakwana, yokudhirowa muna 1895, akaenda Paris ndokupinda chikoro private rinonzi "Chivako Cormon." Hondo yake yakanga yakakurumbira rokupenda French Fernand Cormon, akanga paakavapa muna 1880 basa wake Legion Kukudzwa, uye muna 1898 akatungamirira French National School of Arts Akanaka. Uye chikoro chake woga Painters Russian akashanyira Roerich uye Isaac Batyukov.

Paris kumwedzi

In Paris, Borisov-Musatov akanetseka mifananidzo yose Puvis of Chavannes, iyo symbolist French, umo wekishopu raizondipa unyanzvi hunodiwa haaifanira ikoko. Chokwadika, paaigara ino pakati nyika-kuzivikanwa ounyanzvi Russian painter yaisagona vaiziva mabasa Impressionists uye Post-Impressionists. Very pedyo naye akava okusika Auguste Renoir, Paul Gauguin uye Berthe Morisot. Chokwadi mufananidzo runako kupendwa panguva ino, "Cabbage uye the willow!" Sezvazvakanyorwa resonates pamwe basa Impressionists! Asi zvikuru revanoshamwaridzana uye vorega inova mufananidzo-ukomba symbolist boka "Nabis" (ndiko kubva "muporofita vakasarudzwa" yechiHebheru - saka nokuzvininipisa akadana pachavo nabid). Raisanganisira Pol Seryuze (maneja), Per Bonnar, Eduard Vyuyar uye Moris Rumbidzai.

Renaissance - nheyo kupenda

Rokutora ano zvose dzinokura, kwakavakirwa mifananidzo netsika dzekare ari, Victor Borisov-Musatov, vane mifananidzo vari kupangidza interpenetration ichi, kwakasimbiswa yayo, akazivikanwa kwokukurukurirana kunyora. Uye, chokwadi, akaita zvose vemifananidzo zvenyika, zviri Louvre kudzidza mabasa nomukurumbira Artists. chidhori chake rakanga Leonardo da Vinci, izvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, sezvo munhu, akakwanisa kuchengeta sfumato (segirazi mimvuri). Maererano vomuzuva, Russian painter kumbobvira vakaparadzana ane kubereka kuti "Mona Lisa".

Asi kupfuura zvose mifananidzo Borisov-Musatov akanga kuchinjwa Italian Renaissance geniuses akadai Van Angelico uye Sandro Bottichelli. On basa unyanzvi murume ane upenyu chose muridzi nokuda unyanzvi, vasingagoni asi kukanganisa mabasa vamiririri guru Venetian chikoro - Tintoretto, Titian uye Veronese. Vamwe Mifananidzo akazotevera Borisov-Musatov zvakanyorwa pasi pfungwa, mu rokuItari manyorerwo (pamusoro vakasindimara kanivhasi mufanidzo akashandisa temperroy).

Homecoming

Mumwe mifananidzo womufananidzo wokutanga kumusha kwake akatanga kupenda "Self-asian nehanzvadzi yake," umo iye anoedza kekutanga kuuya ake okusika credo - chaiye nyika mufananidzo yakanaka ungira zvekare kare. Mifananidzo yakadhirowewa ake, maererano vamwe vanyori, azere kuroyiwa upenyu kufungisisa. Nokuti kusikwa "chirukwa", iro akava muenzaniso zvose hanzvadzi chete Elena, iyo kwemasimba pakati Moscow Association of Artists Borisov-Musatov akanga paakavapa muna 1902.

Kuti zvakazara kumiririra zvizere yenyika, nguva uye vaimbi kuti akafurira paumbwe mifananidzo credo womufananidzo, tisingatauri mukuru FS Rokotoff, uyewo Japanese rinodhindira, yakanga yakakurumbira chaizvo munguva wokuRussia Art Nouveau.

Inotungamirwa unyanzvi

Mushure "Self-mufananidzo hanzvadzi" vaviri mifananidzo, kureva "vavariro Autumn" uye "maererano", nyanzvi anotaurwa yemunyori kukundikana - vanotarisika akafanana akasvibirira costumed zvesimba. At pakutanga XX remakore Borisov-Musatov, ane Biography ndiko, zvinosuwisa, atova pedyo nokuguma, ndakanga kunyanya kufara. In Saratov, aiva kuchikoro dzakafanana Artists vanoratidza basa ravo muna 1904 ari kuratidza "Scarlet Rose". Izvi zvaisanganisira Kuznetsov, A. Matveev, M. Matyushin, Utkin uye Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. Panguva ino akava noushamwari hwakanaka chaizvo Andrew White uye Valeriem Bryusovym. Vakatsaurira Mifananidzo Borisov-Musatov kuti kutenderera nhetembo. About ukama nomukurumbira vadetembi vari Silver Age anogona kuonekwa posthumous nyaya na Andrei Bely chose Borisov-Musatov, "Mauve nezvishongo."

The makore kupfuura

Muna 1903, nyanzvi yokudhirowa akaroorwa soratnitse wake Elene Aleksandrovoy, mukadzi rudo, uyo akava shamwari yake, neMuse uye mai akaberekwa muna 1904, mwanasikana Marianne. The Mifananidzo ndiwo ounyanzvi makore aya. Vakatenga zvishoma, asi yokudhirowa rinozivikanwa pasi pose. Zvinhu, iye nesimba uye udyire anoshanda nokuswedera 6-7 mufananidzo pagore. Mhuri yakatamira Podolsk, asi zhizha nguva dzose kuitwa munyika muna Tarusa. The Artist pachake, vakarondedzera hwake uye basa panguva, akati anogara munyika napamashoko muchimuka "pakati Birch yemiorivhi, dozed kure nehope mumatsutso mhute."

The Mifananidzo yakaisvonaka

Special nzeve inofanira kanivhasi, izvo 1901 akanyora Borisov-Musatov. "Spring" iri akatenda kuti vanozvisanangurira kutanga nguva itsva wakadhirowewa basa. Zviri chose vasipo nhoroondo mutsetse. Pairi mumwe pre-echimurenga biographers rinoti pane chose "zvisipo chaikosha raiva enhoroondo". Okugadzira zvinhu Borisov-Musatov ndiwo zvose ... Iye - ". Wokupedzisira kurira nziyo zvikuru kure, kwakandionza nhasi"

Nyanzvi, nemhaka chamazuva ose rwiyo, enzanisa pamwe Wagner. Painting "chirukwa", "Pond", "Requiem" (ekupedzisira iri kuna kukurumidza kufa Hope Stanyukevich mukadzi shamwari yepedyo munyori) inopfuura yakanaka.

Rufu anoisa zvose panzvimbo yayo

Asi, sezvo zviri zvazviri nguva dzose, kuzivikanwa wechokwadi anouya pashure porufu. The Artist akafa pakarepo muzhizha 1905 munyika muna Tarusa. Akanga asina akwegura, asi zvakawanda zvinorwadza amabasa vasingagoni asi kukanganisa utano. Borisov-Musatov akavigwa muno vanodiwa Tarus wake, pamatunhu kumahombekombe Oka. Muna 1907 rinovhura pashoo "Blue Rose", akapa zita Andrei Bely, uye chinoumba iyo vaiva vamiririri yepakarepo hwaiitwa Borisov-Musatov, akanga azivikanwa vavo pfungwa mutungamiri. Pictures dzakabudiswa uye kuratidzira yaiitwa munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, mumwe mifananidzo akatenga Andre Zhid - nyeredzi modernism French. Uye, chokwadi, basa rake kukanganiswa basa nekutambira vemifananidzo, kunyanya chains-garde.