Kronotsky Reserve uye zvinofadza chokwadi nezvake. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve rakaumbwa muna 1934 kuFar East. Yakafara ndiyo avhareji makiromita 60. 243? Km rwakatambanudzwa yegungwa.

Vaverengi pamwe kufarira kuziva kupi Kronotsky chengetedza. Zvinonzi munzvimbo kumaodzanyemba chikamu Kamchatka, ndezvaJehovha administratively kuna Elizovo kudunhu Kamchatka Region. Muguta Elizovo riri chengetedza zvakanaka.

Anotora dzakasiyana-siyana dzinongoitika gadziriro uye chitarisiko chavo nzvimbo chaiyo pakati kundima idzi kuFar East. Description of Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve zvichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Chokutanga, nhoroondo shoma. Created mundima idzi atanga emakore akawanda asati basa iri pamutemo chengetedza mamiriro. Long kubva, maererano zvakaona, kuparadzira tsika zvakasikwa kuchengetedza, zvikurukuru sables, izvo vakawanda pano uye akanga ararama vomunzvimbo zvikuru. Pakutanga, muna 1882, pakanga yavapo Sobolinsky Reserve. Zvadaro, muna 1934, zvakatanga panzvimbo yayo Kronotsky.

Reserve nhasi - nharaunda, riri muchimiro isina mugari polygon. Its pamusoro nzvimbo iri vanenge zviuru zvitanhatu. ^Km2.

kwakaita nzvimbo yacho

Nzvimbo makomo, chete pamahombekombe pamapani dziri. Kronotsky kuchengeterwa - dzinongoitika nharaunda, pedyo rwezasi-kumuganhu wokumavirira zvacho anoputika, vaviri vari kuitika (uye Unana Taunishits). Its conical chimiro uye kukwirira uyewo inomira yakatotsakatika Kronotsky (kukwira - 3528 m), izvo wechipiri chete Kamchatka kiyi chikomo. Kronotsky Reserve ane mazitombo echando akawanda, izvo kugara 14 zviuru hectares. Vamwe vavo vane tsvarakadenga anoyevedza kukura, uye vamwe - dzinonakidza chimiro. Somuenzaniso, Tyushevskii rechando pakureba kusvika 8 km. Geysers uye zvitubu zvemvura inopisa dziri munzvimbo mwoyo.

Caldera Uzon

Caldera Uzon Nde Kukwezva chinhu yakadai Kronotsky Reserve. It akasimuka chokwadi kuti matombo akawa, pova pasi tenderera puranga. Pane vazhinji chando uye inodziya madhamu. Remasangano aya: chando uye ushamwari Fumarolnoye Central. Rocky Nokutonga yomukati dzakatenuka yacho Caldera. External zvinopesana, Canopies. Vanotanga kuva huru rwenze. Simba Griffins vari nechepakati chikamu Caldera uye fanera akazadzwa mvura inopisa, uye madhaka nehari (semuenzaniso, Muvezi izvo ose 3 mumasekonzi "anoumba" idzodzo chakatodzana vakasimuka). All ichi - rakasiyana nemamwe dzinongoitika nzvimbo pamusoro Kronotsky chengetedza.

Mupata Geysers

Chichiruma Kamchatka Mupata Geysers chakavanzika uye runako. Chaizvo ruzha mvura, uye nzizi dzakawanda uye makiyi multiple algae yechitema, ruvara izvo zvichisiyana mutema Orange uye girini. runako Its zvinoorora mapopoma p. Ruzha. mvura yaro kuwa kubva kukwirira 80 mamita. Kusvika panguva giza River mupata pane 22 zvinoshingaira geysers. Vose vane ipapo pachako kunoita basa uye zita. Fountain (giza zita) zvakanaka nokuti rinoputika ose maminitsi 17. Asi murume guru, musoro geysers, anoita "mabasa" ake kumirira kusvika maawa mashanu. The pakukura Kamchatka ari hofori. Kronotsky kuchengeterwa - nzvimbo pane kusagadzikana, chinjikira geysers, pink cône New Fountain, Tsime, Double, parera, uyewo zvitubu zvemvura inopisa akadai Floating, Malachite cavern nevamwe.

Murume akanga muMupata Geysers kokutanga, akaona vanodzedzereka zvakazonaka. Vanofanira kushanyira kana chete nokuda kwechishamiso Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Description of mupata Geysers zvakaoma kuratidza nemashoko. World zvinonzi zvakadaro shamisa, zvinoita sokuti iwe uri vambotaurwa. Pane mavara dziri zvachose dzinoratidzwa nzizi nemakomo Nyika - a yaitwa zvakasvibirira zvipfupi vanoondoroka, uyewo mashizha miti - nezvishava, zvitsvuku, mashava, ruvara zvakabikwa nevhu pasi. Mhepo Rinofembedza rwesarufa uye chiutsi yakazara kusvika pokupedzisira. Around matema zvose, hisses uye mamota! Large uye zviduku boilers, makomo anoputika petsoka Vachiita nevhu uye pasi. Haukwanisi kuenda chete danho kure kutevera - scalded. Of makatsemuka uye crevices nokuipisa noutsi hwemvura, iro "kure" geysers diki.

Zviri rakanaka rinoitwa kuputika pezvakaitwa ari tembiricha Zvakaunganidzwa reservoirs, iyo chinokwezva munguva yechando kwete chete waterfowl uye waterfowl, asiwo unobereka uye makwai bighorn. Panguva iyoyowo, nokuda kuputika magasi chepfu yakauraya vazhinji mhuka neshiri vaigara Kronotsky Reserve. Somuenzaniso, muna Death Valley kazhinji kuwana mhuka akafa. Vanokwezva scavengers makuru nezvikara. Zvisinei, kuenda mhuka idzi hazvibviri.

Reservoirs ari chengetedza

Kune zvinopfuura 800 reservoirs ari chengetedza. Idzowo vanenge 3% of vanosvika kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo. Old Semyachik rwizi runoyerera kumaodzanyemba chikamu chengetedza. Nzizi pakukura ndivo Bogachevka uye Kronotsky. kwokupedzisira urefu 39 makiromita. It anotevera kubva Kronotsky Lake nokuumba zvitsuwa zvizhinji uye oxbows. Bogachevka pakureba inodarika. Its kureba 72? Km uye kudzama ndiyo 1.2-1.5 m. rwizi urwu ane hwezuva gomo hunhu. Iye ine, unocheka kuburikidza okumusoro kunosvika pakati kumawere, pasi yaita chando muchando.

madhamu akawanda ari hunhu chengetedza. The wakandibaya - Kronotskoye. Afanane rehurukuro ane isosceles Triangle.

chengetedza Climate

Ndima iyi runobva kuna Pacific kumahombekombe Chukotka pamusoro okunze kumatunhu. Akaumba pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu dzinotaurwa Pacific Ocean. inotungamirwa awo nemarererwo yemakomo ruyamuro kwenharaunda ichi. Summer ari kuchengeterwa akadzikama uye nyorovera, pamwe gobvu bvungapfunga uye kakawanda pfunha uye mhepo chiedza kubva kumaodzanyemba. Mumatsutso unodziyirwa uye chakaoma okunze yakawanda mushana. Zvisinei, chando inotanga muna November. It kunoratidzwa nemhepo inotonhora simba, dzimwe nguva kusvika dutu simba, uyewo rakanaya chando. Nokupesvedzera avalanches rinotanga inodziya okunze muchirimo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya yakatetepa gomo rwizi mumipata uye kumawere.

ivhu

Ivhu iri mundima kuchengeterwa aumba pasi pokudzora kuputika basa. Permanent ivhu rejuvenation inobatsira pakuita madota kwake. Nokuda uyu zvakare zvakazara zvicherwa. nevhu kwakadaro vane matunhu mvura permeability uye unzenza remitemo, rinova yakanaka kwazvo kukura zvinomera siyana.

Yemiti ari chengetedza

marudzi 600 vascular miti inowanikwa kuchengeterwa, uyewo 113 mhando lichens. Pakati zvisingawanzoitiki wechokwadi difazistrum Sitka, lichen, iyo yakawanikwa pamatombo. Munguva kuchengeterwa pane 85 mhando bryophytes, 6 - ferns. Pakati pavo unogona kuwana zvakadai kushoma mhando sezvo kukura nyorova Mafuro Thelypteris palustris, Mupata Geysers - spleenwort akagerwa-kunze, pamabwe Pacific Coast - green spleenwort, uyewo cryptogram zvichinzi, dzichikura matombo munzvimbo.

Pinus pumila unoumba mumatenhere pamusoro navanopinda nzvimbo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika kuchengeterwa unogona kuwana yakashongedzwa yemisipiresi uye spruce Ayan. Rinotora kusvika 25 metres urefu, uye zera yaro kungava makore 300 okuberekwa. Zvinofadza kuti mumvuri-anoshivirira. Graceful omusipiresi inogona kuwanika rwezasi-okumabvazuva nharaunda. It is Sora chirimwa rine conical korona.

Makwenzi, maruva

Panguva kuchengeterwa makwenzi akawanikwa: voskovik akanzwa ane anotsvedzerera anobuda pamiti nemakwenzi kwakanaka, uye yorukato ploskolistnaya. In Goltsova kukura mapazi kuzivikanwa Rhodiola rosea, rinonziwo yendarama mudzi. Rue Thunberg, isingawanzowanikwi mhando, kukura mumasango Erman. Panewo Woody muzambiringa, akafukidza denga-mutema uye nemaruva pepuru. The marshes uye madziva vakawana zheltotsvetkovaya Marigold zvinoyangarara. Goldthread trifoliate nemaruva chena uye rima egirini anogara Moss bogs. Maruva chinopenya siyana munzvimbo pegomo achinaya mvura, hurungudo, matombo, dombo dzemvura, peat bogs uye anezvimiti vamire Poppy chirimwa. Anotumbuka pamusoro akazaruka dzakatenuka clove zvinokambaira. Vazhinji dziri kuchengeterwa Heather miti aunonyanya nokuda mavara avo chinopenya kwayo siyana. 4 nemhando violets zvakare zvakajairika, izvo mavara - kubva chena kuti rwebhuruu. Inogona kuwanika pakati michero Blueberry uye cranberry Marsh, cranberries diki uye zvavo.

mumwe chete mhando pakati the willow pemiti tinosvika kukwirira 25 mamita. Izvi Sakhalin the willow. Miti yasara - nemiti.

It rinomira hurefu Angelica bearish iro rinoitwa munhu kukwirira 2-3 mamita. Milestones chepfu vanokurira zvakananga mumvura.

Vamiririri Seruva vari dzinoratidzwa runako chaiyo. Zvinowanikwa kuchengeterwa ruva vatema uye nezvishava, yepepuru-tsvuku uye rakajeka chena. Pano unogona kuwana decoration miti kungova orchids mhuri. Somuenzaniso, muna repamusoro rwizi. Giza akanga akawana akasiyana ruva. It spiranthes Chinese. Iye Inflorescence spirally yakakoswa, pane maruva diki rakajeka rwepingi.

The kuchengeterwa pakati zvisingawanzoitiki kwemarudzi akanyorwa muna Red Book, pane: misipuresi kwezvokufuka shangu macranthon.

Animals kuti vanogara munharaunda

Kronotsky kuchengeterwa fauna of riri siyana zvikuru, asi muduku vamwe kwemarudzi Zvinoumba Kamchatka. Izvi imhaka kwayo nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, mashoko amphibian fauna of ari kuchengeterwa dzinomiririrwa chete Siberian salamander. Hapana zvinokambaira munharaunda.

Dzimwe vane anonakidza nhoroondo kupinda muna Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Somuenzaniso, imwe duku matema nemipaini longhorn ngoko netsaona akamuka pano namapuranga. Wakazviratidza Uzon kutumirwa musana zenze neherikoputa. The zenze rinoshandiswa sezvo mafuta kupaka pakufamba.

shiri

Kronotsky State Biosphere Reserve - imwe nzvimbo ine 69 mapoka seabirds. Vakawanda dziwande Lund, Pacific yegungwa, hangaiwa Guillemot, nekanyurura Berin. Pane unowanikwa ne yekudyidzana yakaderera nhamba wevamiriri akadai glaucous mapapiro yegungwa, zvakajairika murre uye nyanga. Kunyanya dzinonakidza ndiye Lund. shiri Izvi zvisvundu ruvara, svikiro kadikidiki pamwe dzvuku muromo, flattened zvikuru pamativi. Shure kwake Meso chena yakareba minhenga. Izvi zvinofadza shiri matendere burrows that pazviri anochera munzvimbo nyoro ivhu pamisoro pamatombo. Matombo uyewo dendere rarira, swifts belopoyasnye, Steller kuti gungwa gondo uye mohonogy Konyukov.

Mune Kronotsky musiyano iri Olga Bay, usingati yaita chando, pane 1.5 zviuru shiri. Dziwande koshesa pakati pavo: Pacific dema scoter,-refu akadanidzira Dhadha, Eider, rukodzi-vampire.face scoter, harlequin Dhadha. Vazhinji pano sezvo rarira uye gulls.

Marshy achinaya mvura madhamu vagere: tsvuku mikukutu grebe, tsvuku-throated loon, kuchamhembe pintail, wigeon, Teal, chiredzo-vampire.face kurpan, dema scoter, zvitema-bvudzi uye dema-vakananga gulls. It matendere nhamba duku whooper nejichidza, razova isingawanzowanikwi.

Sea shumba uye gungwa otters

At Cape Kozlov muna 1942, kwaiva kupfuura gungwa shumba chiuru, uyewo akawanda zana zvakawanda Western Cape. Kuwanda mhuka idzi nhasi vanhu 700 chete. Ivo hakuzi zvisingawanzoitiki marudzi, gungwa shumba akarongwa Dzvuku muBhuku Russia. Ivo zvino pasi chaiyo kudzivirirwa.

Gungwa otter iri chizvarwa vagere East Kamchatka, ayo kumiganhu. Muzana remakore rechi19 vanhu kwazvakaita uyu mukuru kwazvo, asi pakutanga remakore rechi20 yakanga akaendepiko zvachose. Zvino gungwa otters tadzoka pachavo vari Kronotsky State Nature Reserve. Ivo kuverenga chete vanenge 120 mhuka.

Iwo zvisimbiso zvakafanana zvisimbiso vanogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mvura chengetedza. Vari rwakaiswa pangozi.

mhuka Large Kronotsky chengetedza

Reindeer anogara nokumapani pedyo nemhenderekedzo zviuno. Pane vari dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya gava, wolverine, ermine. In Kamchatka, kumusha mavara yakajeka uye guru kukura gava. On achinaya mvura yagodnikovyh mukupera July, zvokudya nemapere. Vanogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa kanyika makwai bighorn kuti zvokudya iripo nemiti uye rekushongedzesa, algae zvokudya pamahombekombe. The nhamba zvichiitika Kamchatka poro zvino panguva yakaoma pamwero. Mumwe mukuru ndechokuratidza kuchengetedza kudzorerwa kwaro. Kamchatka day of marmot - mumwe mugari dzakakwirira, anogara pachigaro pfupi uswa munzvimbo.

Species vaigara kamennoberezovikah

Common pakati kwemarudzi kuti agare kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Small Spotted Woodpecker, Gray-dzavhara greenfinch, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya uye tsvuku ine chipfuva flycatcher, thrush rakachenuruka, tsvuku-flanked bluetail matsi uye neshiri yegungwa, capercaillie,-toed matatu Woodpecker. Pano dendere pazvikara goshawk, chitandadzo, gungwa makondo. A dzakawanda upenyu Okhotsk cricket.

Sable, mashava bere

Zvikara rinomira Sable, izvo dzinofambiswa kubudikidza voles, chena hwari, passerines diki, Rowan mukapabheri, Blueberry uye siksa, zvipfupi mupaini nzungu. Sables apo kuderedza uwandu zvokudya dzinotanga nenzara uye famba munzira dzake vachiedza. Dzimwe nguva ichichinja chihombe vaitamira kune nzvimbo. Mukutsvaka mhuka zvokudya zviri kwezvinoshandiswa mumakore achangopfuura kuti vaende kumisha, kurasikirwa kutya vanhu, uye ari marara kutsvaka zvokudya. Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve - ndima hwaakange zvisvundu bere kupararira. Iye rakasiyana nemamwe marudzi makuru kwazvo saizi.

dzimwe mhuka

Olive Thrush anogara krupnostvolnyh nebani mumasango ari Kamchatka Peninsula. Kronotsky kuchengeterwa anogara uyewo Netsuro, vaigara rwizi mumipata. Ivo dendere larch grosbeak uye Tit. Kunewo zvikuru mavara Woodpecker uye shrike-Shrike. Iyi ndiyo chete nzvimbo iri kuchengeterwa, apo upenyu puroteni.

hove

Vanenge bezrybny pachena nzizi nharaunda pamberi hombe Sarimoni run. Izvi - yakanaka pameso, nokuti kuwanda hove, achipenya muzuva, kushambira mumvura zvachose yakachena. Kunokwezva shiri akadai goldeneye, harlequin Dhadha, hombe uye-refu vampire.face mergansers, scaup.

Gopher uye day of marmot

Bering Gopher rinosvika yakakwirira nhamba mujinga kuputika pasikweya. Kamchatka marmots vanogara nemabota Rwako.

Ndakabatana Koryak chengetedza

Most ichangopfuura, muna April 2015, vasiyana Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Saka, yokupedzisira akawedzera miganhu. Zvinowanikwa iri Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina nemaruwa ari mudunhu. It akasikwa 1995 kudzivirira nesting nzvimbo, ndege uye waterfowl zvinhu zvipenyu zvose zvakaoma, iri North Kamchatka. Rivers ayo zvikuru zviri kukonzera chikonzero Sarimoni. Yachengetwa munharaunda Reserve mumwe nevanhu kupfuura ari Russian Rukodzi runonzi norukodzi, kudzivirira iro rinoitwa munyika yakati.