Kunoitwa, ari zvevafundisi mamiriro: tsananguro, kupatsanura uye unhu

Zvinoreva shoko "Kunoitwa" muchiGiriki ringashandurwa nehasha se "bogovlastie". chimiro ichi hurumende iri zvakakodzera vaiona remabhuku munhoroondo yevanhu zvakanyorwa. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvinoratidza kuti zvakatanga pamberi vanhu awana vhiri, arufabheti uye pfungwa nhamba. In rwezasi-kumabvazuva kweTurkey akazoziva yekare matongo zvivako zviri preliterate mutsika, zvisinei, izvo, akanga atova rechitendero chitendero uye munzanga vapristi kushumira nayo.

Misha vakadaro akapararira Eastern Anatolia. Remasangano pavo - nayo Çatalhöyük uye Gebekli Tepe. Dangwe izvi, makore anopfuura 12,000. Kunenge kuti iyi ndiyo chinhu chokutanga munhu zvevafundisi esangano mamiriro umo chitendero kwazara mabhora ose evanhu zuva upenyu.

Modern zvevafundisi mamiriro

Sezvo fomu iri mukuru aivapo, uye mienzaniso State akaronga echiKristu musimboti munhoroondo vanhu vanogona kuwana zvizhinji.

Zvisinei, kutanga ndiko kutsanangura mashoko. Chekutanga zvose zvakafanira kusiyanisa zvevafundisi simba hwoumwari simba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Panyanzvi zvevafundisi mamiriro avo umo yakafanana Zvivako muzvinhu zvenyika kana pamusoro ndidzo nzira iyo masangano ezvitendero vanokwanisa kuchinja mitemo, zvoupfumi uye mutemo. Muenzaniso ezvinhu akadaro ezvematongerwe enyika ano mepu dzenyika anogona kushanda vechiIslam Republic of Iran - the zvevafundisi mamiriro, yakabuda 1978 somugumisiro vechiIslam chimurenga.

Nhasi, pakati zvevafundisi inoti zvinosanganisira Islamic nyika dzakawanda. Modern zvevafundisi mamiriro, mienzaniso rinogona kuwanikwa kuMiddle East, kazhinji kunotozongoita unobereka rupawo pane vanodzvinyirirwa. neChikomonisiti izvi kugamuchirwa kune zvinotevera nyika:

• United Arab Emirates;
• Kuwait;
• Qatar;
• Jordanian umambo.

The Islamic Republic panyika mepu

Four ano inoti shoko rokuti "Islamic" muzita rayo yepamutemo. Pasinei chokwadi kuti vamwe vavo, akadai Pakistan, yaiva bumbiro romutemo pfungwa secularism mu Chokwadi, ivo zvinodzorwa nemapoka ezvitendero pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana simba.

Pano zvevafundisi mamiriro, ndandanda hunosanganisira munyika ina:

• The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
• The Islamic Republic of Iran.
• The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• The Islamic Republic of Mauritania.

Kutaura zvazviri, chete nyaya musimboti runobatanidza vose venyika idzi yavo pamutemo hurongwa, mujinga riri kuti Sharia - yakatarwa yemirau nokuumba zvitendero uye nokudzora unhu vaMuslim.

Iranian Revolutionary Guards

Zvose Islamic Republic Iran zvakanzi kunze kupfuura kupindirana Islamization ose mabhora ose oupenyu paruzhinji uye vanhu hwakagadzwa zvachose kudzora kuchengetwa Shari'a vomunyika dzose.

Kuitira kusimbisa simba vezvitendero uye vanosimudzira pfungwa Islam kunze kwenyika uye mukati Islamic Republic, pakaitwa paramilitary sangano akasikwa, yainzi kwechiIslam Revolutionary Guard Corps.

Sezvo Islam munyika kwakapararira, uye zvakamubaya sangano rakura kusimba. Nokufamba kwenguva, vakuru vakuru Guards Corps akatanga kudzora emakambani kupfuura nyika, pamwe vamiririri kwevafundisi Islamic.

Panguva iyoyowo, Iran ari chaiwo zvevafundisi mamiriro, nekuti kunze mumatare vezvitendero, pachine pamutemo nehurumende yokunyika uye purezidhendi kusarudzwa nevanhu. Zvisinei, mukuru wehurumende ichiri kunzi Ayatollah - mutungamiriri pakunamata uye nyanzvi vomurayiro, hunopiwa simba zvisarudzo maererano nomutemo Islamic. Nyanzvi pane maonero kuti mumakore achangopfuura pakati mbiri vatungamiriri vehurumende vari kuramba kusawirirana kuitika, izvo zvinoodza kwete kuti ruzhinji.

Kusarurwa pamusoro-Pakistan

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Pakistan iri pamutemo rokunyika mamiriro, pasinei zvinonzi munhu Islamic zvokuvhoterwa. Mutungamiri anomhanya nyika, usina dzidzo yechitendero, uye kakawanda zvinoitika panguva nemauto zvose.

Izvi, zvisinei, hakutadzisi kuti sarura vamwe munzanga echitendero munyika. On wepamutemo vanochiva pane Kurambidzwa nesananguro purezidhendi imwe nyika isiri Muslim.

simba rose Executive muPakistan ari mumaoko ehurumende uye purezidhendi, asi nezvamakatonga uye zvemitemo of facto apora nokuda Federal Shariat Court - urongwa runotaura kudzora pakuchengetwa mamiriro Sharia mutemo. Saka, murayiro upi chakaitwa Paramende, anogona pasi Kuongorora kwechiIslam Court uye vakaramba vari chiitiko yavairwisana mutemo Islamic.

Kusiyana Iran, Pakistan haana kuitwa zvachose Islamization, uye vechidiki, pasinei chinokosha nhamba zvisaririra dzechitendero, ane kuwana tsika dzokuMadokero.

Migumisiro inosuruvarisa ashandiswe ari eighties kuedza kumisa Kudzora kwose dzemunharaunda dzechitendero rava chinhu chaizvo pasi chikamu vanhu vane dzidzo yechipiri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mune munhukadzi vakawanda, iro rakagara richidudzirwa zvaiswa pasi zvakakomba rusarura.

Vatican: munhu rwaanotonga zvevafundisi mamiriro

Zvichida unoshamisa muenzaniso hurumende iri simba uye zvenyika uye pakunamata nhengo chete munhu ari Mutsvene See. Nokuda kwayo yokusiyana sezvarinokodzera wokunyatsoporesa.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Papa ndiye primate yose yeRoma Katurike. Uyezve, iye anotungamirira uye Vatican City State, iyo inoshanda nokuda yakatarwa gavhuna, nguva dzose vakasarudzwa pakati vafundisi vakagara Roman Curia.

The Pope ari mambo ane conclave nhengo sarudza upenyu. Zvisinei, pane dzimwe nguva apo akaregera masimba ake nokuzvidira - saka muna 2013 akabatana Benedict XVl, achiva wechipiri kwemakore mazana matanhatu, papa, nokuzvidira zvasiya simba.

Maererano nedzidziso Catholic Church, papa panguva yake yokutonga ndiyo rakavimbika, uye zvisarudzo zvose zvakatorwa navo - wechokwadi uye anosunga. Izvi, zvisinei, usingasii haabatanidzi kuvapo yomunyika chechi chivande uye asingauyi kuderedza basa hurumende, yainzi Roman Curia.

Saudi Arabia: Kunoitwa kana udzvinyiriri

Yakaomesesa kuziva mhando bhodhi kuti magweta ndiye muenzaniso Saudi Arabia. Sezvo dzimwe nyika vane Islamic vakawanda, muna Arabia, izvozvo inoshanda Sharia murairo ichikutadzisa simba ramambo, kuti chaizvoizvo anopa simba namambo, inobva kwakatangwa naMwari.

Zvisinei, kunzwisisa, kuti mambo haisi mutungamiriri wechitendero, kunyange hazvo ndezvaiye zvizvarwa muporofita Muhammad. Izvi rinokurudzira vaongorori kudavira kuti Saudi Arabia ndiye zvevafundisi mamiriro, apo zvechitendero dzemunharaunda pane basa raitonga dzinza.

Vakurumidze kuramba pfungwa Kunoitwa

Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji aikurumidza kutaura kuti nyika yazova rokunyika, kuti kodzero dzevanhu uye democratic Hurumende zviri waifarirwa hakudzivisiki, uye mberi ichifamba mberi, uye hapana chinogona kumumisa. Zvisinei, vakawanda kuwedzera radicalization vamwe zvikamu vokuparidzira zvinoratidza kuti tariro dzakadaro dzaiva diki. Munyika yanhasi rokunyika, zvevafundisi, zvesangano mamiriro vanoitirwawo mu charehwa vose vagari enyika elites.