Details mumotokari, pezvokuvamba panze uye menyika. motokari mudziyo

Automotive ari kugadzira nokukurumidza: michina mitsva, kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye flotation michina, akaderedza kukuvadza yavo kwezvakatipoteredza, kuwedzera padanho vakachengeteka, nemhaka zvemagetsi, mutyairi wacho basa zvishoma mabasa. Pfungwa iyi motokari mudziyo anoramba kuzochinja. Vazhinji hwokushandisa muchina, regai kunyange here kuti chii chinoitwa uye kuti inoshanda sei. Hongu, kuti Hazvitsananguriki yakadaro. Nhasi tiri kutarisa huru zvikamu motokari, kana kuti, ayo chikuru zvinoriumba uye nemagungano.

Kune zvitatu kugadzira zvirongwa motokari, inova zvaraireva chepfungwa tikachirega. Ndiye kumberi, kumashure uye kwakakwana. Motokari ine zvikamu:

1. Muviri.
2. Chassis.
3. Motor.
4. Hutachiwana.
5. Gozvo.
6. The akamedura hurongwa.
7. Electrical.

Dzimwe nguva dzimwe motokari dzinoiswa zvishoma zvakasiyana, somuenzaniso nokuita mubatanidzwa chassis, hutachiwana, gozvo uye akaputsa gadziriro mune rimwe boka zvenhengo kunzi "chassis". Asi musimboti inoramba zvakafanana. Funga mumwe nomumwe zvinhu zvizere.

muviri

Muviri - ichi hachisi chete goko yakanaka mumotokari, asi zvaro kutsigira chikamu. By mumuviri michina ano vari ngadzirambe anenge zvose. On dzimwe SUVs uye nemarori chassis anoita basa rinokosha puranga. In mutakurwi motokari kubva refu kusiyiwa nokuda uremu rutapudzo zvinhu. Details mumotokari muviri:

• spars (kumberi uye neshure);
• denga;
• injini mupanda;
• wedzera-pamusoro zvinoriumba.

Kupesana Izvi zvimiso zvikuru, nekuti nhengo dzose dzomuviri dzine chokuita. The divi masvingo zvinowa- aibatanidza mune chimwe chete pasi kana welded nazvo. Ivo kuridza basa zvitsigiso nokuda kuturika. Inoshandisa dzidziso zvinhu mumotokari muviri anomiririrwa mikova, bhoneti, vene muvharo uye mapapiro. In ichi rwemberi fenders zvinowa- welded kuti puranga, uye pakatarisana vari bvisika. On the musana unogona kuwana mukuru-Gloss, matte kana Chrome motokari zvikamu (Pazvibato, zviratidzo, decoration zvinhu, etc.).

chassis

Chassis chinosanganisira mberi uye neshure kuturika, nemotokari zvokubatisa uye mavhiri. motokari ano Most vakapakata pamberi yakazvimirira kuturika mhando "McPherson". Kunoitawo kuti kutama mumotokari panokwanisika sezvinobvira. Independent kuturika zvinoreva kuti vhiri rimwe wanamatira muviri yoga. Panyaya zvaanoda, atova usingachashandi. Zvisinei, pamusoro mota dzakawanda zvinonzi zvichiri kuiswa kumashure. Muyanzvi kuturika anogona kuitwa muchimiro yakaoma danda, kana - panyaya veshure nemavhiri motokari - muchimiro nemotokari ekisero.

motokari

Engine - ndimo zvokuimba simba. Iyewo, pave mugodhi torque, izvo chinoita kuti vhiri. Kazhinji, injini iri pamberi motokari, asi dzimwe nguva anoiswa shure. Uyezve dzomunyika injini (chando), panewo yemagetsi uye remasanganiswa Motors.

The Ice makemikari simba yakawanikwa kubva combustion muitiro iri dzikwanise zvokuimba simba. The womukati injini ari pisitoni, turbine uye muhombe-pisitoni. Today vainyanya kushandisa pisitoni motokari.

Machines, izvo anosundwa ane electric motor, motokari yemagetsi vanonzi. Panyaya iyi, iyo mabhatiri kuti chidzoke hwesimba.

The vakaberekwa Injini rinobatanidza ane womukati injini uye yemagetsi. kuonana kwavo kunoitika pachishandiswa jenareta. Iyi mhando ndiyo vaizotibata, sezvo, kune rumwe rutivi, anoita zvishoma kukuvadza zvakatipoteredza kupfuura womukati injini, uye pamusoro mumwe - haatarisiri kakawanda recharging, somunhu electric motor.

kufamba

Tinoenda surfactants kudzidza motokari mativi uye zvakaitika nokupfuuridzirwa. Chinangwa chikuru chinhu ichi - kuchinjwa torque kubva injini nomubato kuti mavhiri mumotokari. Kupfuudzwa ine:

1. Clutch.
2. Gearboxes (KPP).
3. Kutyaira ekisero.
4. SHRUS (Kugara velocity majoini) kana driveline.

Coupling akagadzirirwa unobva injini nomubato pamwe mugodhi CAT uye anotsvedzerera kuchinjwa torque therebetween. Hutachiwana, uyewo, kunoderedza mutoro pamusoro injini muchishandisa pakanzi akakodzera reshiyo. Kana pamberi nemavhiri ekisero akatasva mune gearbox redzimba. Kana motokari ine veshure-nemavhiri, riri shure uye mamwe mabasa ari danda. CV mapfundo driveline zvinodiwa kuti uchatamisa torque kuti mavhiri pamwe CPT.

gozvo

Nzvimbo vhiri kunoenderana pakona pakati kutenderera kwemavhiri. Panguva iyi rinoenderana gozvo hurongwa. Kana pane chinhu chakaipa, motokari inova unmanageable, zvinogona kutungamirira kusingarapiki nemigumisiro. A gozvo actuator uye rine mashandiro. Kana vhiri akatendeuka, chaiye zviratidzwa traction vhiri panguva yakakodzera akachinjikana. To musi, mhando nhatu gozvo zvigadziriswe vakawaridza "honye-video", "hara-kwemauto" uye "sikuruwa-mupengo". Large motokari zvaimunetsa kushanda nemwoyo wose pamusoro yaitsiva zvokuimba gozvo hurongwa kune zvemagetsi. Panzvimbo actuators uye linkages rinodzora Unit, izvo achishandisa electric motor uye tenderera mumavhiri.

braking hurongwa

Sezvaunogona kuona, motokari hakusi haakoshi nhengo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe vavo pakuparwa breakage chete kuunza zvingasanakira, uye vamwe - hungada upenyu. Zviri kune vapedzisira zvinosanganisira akamedura. Dzinomirira hurongwa zvinosanganisira dzinoverengeka zvokuvakisa uye zvinoriumba, izvo pamwe ndanzwawo kunetesa uye kumisa muchina.

Pfungwa, kuti akaputsa gadziriro iri muzvikamu zviviri: basa uye kupaka. Sezvaunogona kuona kubva rokuremekedza, wokutanga ndiko kuderedza nokukurumidza uye muchina kwamira. Parking hurongwa anochengeta motokari iri kupaka mujenya. Akaputsa hurongwa zvinoriumba vanomirirwa okunze: discs, ngoma, sepombi, mabhuroko uye Zvifambiso.

mugove motokari ano The weshumba vakapakata kukweshera mabhureki, ane basa kunobva pokushandisa kukweshera simba. Somuenzaniso, mira Mapedhi varikwizire pamusoro zvinofamba mavhiri. Force ari chinopfuudzwa kubva chitiviri kusvika Mapedhi kuburikidza hydraulic hurongwa.

magetsi

Izvi zvinosanganisira mashoko akadai motokari:

1. Battery.
2. Jenareta.
3. Post.
4. magetsi vatengi.
5. The hurongwa kuti anodzora injini.

The bhatiri riri renewable tsime magetsi simba, izvo kazhinji anoshanda kutanga injini. Kana nzira iri rinoitwa, huchashandiswa iri dzinofambiswa kubudikidza injini kubudikidza jenareta, iyo anomuchinja zvokuimba simba kupinda magetsi simba. Kana injini achimhanya, kuti bhatiri anopa zvose zviridzwa pachako.

Jenareta inotsigira pamusoro-bhodhi Network DC voltage uye akapa kuti bhatiri apo injini iri kumhanya. Wiring hunomiririrwa chine waya, izvo, kufanana midziyo ropa mumuviri wedu, tiri richiparadzirwa munyika motokari. Vakahwanda pasi mapurasitiki zvikamu motokari.

gwenya kuzvidzora gadziriro rinoumbwa imwe kuzvidzora chikwata uye muzvizhinji kuti sensors siyana. simba vatengi - nayo magetsi, chiedza, wipers nezvimwe namano.

Dzomunyika zvinoumba motokari

Zvinokonzera vhiri mumotokari, munhu kufungisisa ane muzvizhinji pakati haizoshandisi, zviratidzo, levers, mabhatani uye zvimwe zvinhu. Ngationgororei huru womukati muchina chidhiraivho kuti varipo pasi zvinenge zvose yokutevedzera motokari.

dashboard

Pano unogona kuona mashoko pamusoro mamiriro mikuru mugadziriro motokari yako. Zvichienderana mutengo muchina pamusoro dashboard, kuwedzera velocity ruzivo (speedometer iri zvose), unogona kuona: nderipi kumhanya injini achimhanya, iyo giya iri pari kushingaira, chii tembiricha iri kutonhora mvura sezvo ari mafuta tangi peturu uye zvichingodaro. Kana womuenzaniso iri akashongedzerwa ane onboard kombiyuta, zvadaro chiridzwa Panel inogona uratidzwe seinotevera: yacho pakarepo mafuta kuparadzwa, mileage nezuva, kuti fungidzira daro vasati refueling, uye vamwe.

mudhiraivho

Sezvo imi munoziva, vachishandisa kutenderera gozvo Panotanga kutenderera vhiri. Asi nokuti motokari ano haisi mabasa ose maatomu akafanana izvi. Zvino vhiri vakatasva chidhiraivho kuti ekuteerera, mamiriro okunze kuzvidzora uye dzimwe namano. Zvose zvinoenderana pfungwa mugadziri.

kwedzinde

Anenge michina ose akafanana uye kuita activation basa: chiedza, dzokai anonongedzera, "janitors" uye the washers ekuverengesa. Kazhinji pasi mudhiraivho inowanikwawo gearshift paddles. Pano, zvakare, zvose kunoenderana akaigadzira pfungwa.

chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo

zvose chete pano. Kana motokari yako ndewe ILAC, saka pane chinoramba chichingorerutsa mitemo mitatu: batira, akamedura uye akisarareta ( "gasi"). Kana otomatiki kupfuudzwa kune batira chitiviri vasipo.

The centre kunyaradzana

Nehasha kutaura, nzvimbo pakati zvigaro zvepamberi. Pane Kupfuudzwa mhikuriso (dzimwe nguva munhu pesin), mumwe eDare ayo lining, kuti yokupakira akaputsa mhikuriso ( "sando"), ose ebetsero haizoshandisi, yokuisira, efodya uye zvichingodaro.

The nechepakati pemapuranga

Pano unogona kuwana zvokuchunisa uye Minamato haipindurwe kuti kudziyisa / kufefetedza maitiro (mhepo-kutonhodza mune motokari dzinodhura). Chimwe chinhu chikuru panel, iyo inogona kuwanikwa musi michina zvose zviri zvakarekodhwa. Panewo Multimedia gadziriro, kana chero masumbu.

mhedziso

Nhasi dzatakurukura huru mudziyo mumotokari uye kamwe akaita zvakare chokwadi chokuti motokari - ndiko kunzwisisa hurongwa. Zvisinei, mune anodzvinyirira pamwero kuziva kwaari, hazvina kukwana kuva zvishoma kutsungirira. Eya, kuongorora kwazvo inokosha mashoko ane motokari uye kudzidza kuagadzira, tora makore.