Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: Biography, mibayiro

Leonid Govorov aiva mumwe dzepamusorosoro vatungamiri Hondo Yenyika II. Akatungamirira hondo kuzorwa vokuGermany munyika, uye muna 1944 abudiswa basa yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia Finns. Nokuti ake dhigirii dzakawanda Govorov vakagamuchira zita Marshal of Soviet Union.

makore okutanga

The ramangwana Marshal of Soviet Union Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich akaberekwa February 22, 1897 muna Vyatka mudunhu - kure pakona bere yeRussian Empire. Butyrka (ake chizvarwa musha) aiva munhuwo dzematunhu guta. Military upenyu zvakafanana zvikuru upenyu vezera rake, uyo vechidiki uye muduku muna First World War, chimurenga uye yevagari.

Childhood Leonid Govorov rakaitirwa Yelabuga, apo baba vake akashanda somunyori. Muna 1916, rimwe jaya kudzidza waishandiswa chikoro, uye Akatopinda Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Zvisinei, munzvimbo imwecheteyo December iye akanzi kuhondo. Raiva War World Chokutanga, uye hurumende iri wavhomorwa kubva rwemberi ichangoburwa dzevanhu mari. Mushure February Revolution, Leonid Govorov akagamuchira itsva rokuremekedza. Refutenendi veuto Russian vakasangana October 1917. Vakauya simba, ivo Bolsheviks akasaina runyararo chibvumirano Germany, uye vazhinji mauto akanga muchiuto. Refutenendi akadzokera Yelabuga vabereki.

hondo yevanhu venyika imwe

In Mumatsutso 1918, Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich vakabatanawo White Army. Panguva ino, nyika yake yaakaberekerwa rakanga kutongwa vatsigiri Kolchak. Mukuru akatora chikamu muchirimo tsamwisa pakati nevachena. Iye akarwa pedo Ufa, kuChelyabinsk uye muWestern Siberia. nokukurumidza Kolchak akatanga shure kumabvazuva. Muna November 1919, inoti apanduka. Muna January, akatangawo 51th Infantry Division of Red Army.

Ikoko Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich nemumwe ramangwana Marshal - Vasiliem Blyuherom. Muna 1919 akarayira 51 chaizvo fung Infantry Division, uye panguva paitonga Stalin udzvanyiriri akapfurwa. Pasi Blucher Govorov akagamuchira ayo kutungamirirwa atirari rechiuto. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura Civil War, ramangwana refutenendi akaonekwa muUkraine apo chinoramba wokupedzisira makuru boka kwokurwisa chena. Chaiva nehondo Wrangel. In hondo muna 1920 Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich akagamuchira maronda zviviri - mumwe pasi Kakhovka, zvakawanda munharaunda Antonovka.

nguva yorugare

Pashure pokupedza Civil War, Leonid Govorov akauya kuzogara uye kushanda Ukraine. Muna 1923 akagadzwa mutungamiri atirari ari 51st Infantry Division Perekopskaya. Basa rake hwakazotevera muuto kwakaitika nokupa yekosi. Muna 1933 Govorov kudzidza kosi panguva Frunze Military Academy. Asi handizvo zvose. Kudzidza mutauro wokuGermany, uye achipfuura kuMudzidzisi bvunzo, akava mushanduri rechiuto. Muna 1936 mauto akapinda richangobva akazarura Academy of General Staff, uye nguva pfupi asati agamuchira chinzvimbo bhurigedhi wavarwi. Ndapedza nokudzidziswa, akatanga kudzidzisa ari atirari Academy ainzi pashure Dzerzhinsky.

Muna 1940 hondo Finland. Govorov akagadzwa mukuru tsvimbo atirari muna 7th Army. Akazvipa mugove hondo iri Karelian Isthmus. The bhurigedhi wavarwi ichagadzirwa budiriro Finnish kuzvidzivirira Mannerheim Line. Mushure kusaina rugare akanga Major-General kuti atirari.

The Great Patriotic War

Pausiku Mukuru Patriotic War, Leonid Govorov akagadzwa mukuru atirari Academy ainzi pashure Dzerzhinsky, iyo ichangobva iye kudzidza. Panongotanga kurwisa German akatanga akatumirwa kutungamirira atirari of Western Front. Ndaifanira kushanda ezvinhu enyika disorganization weuto, kushaya pakukurukurirana uye blitzkrieg muvengi. Western Front atirari ndozvakaitikawo kuti mutemo uyu. Mhirizhonga pamwedzi hondo yokutanga havabvumirwi kurega vokuGermany muna Belarus kana Ukraine.

Musi waJuly 30, kuitira Govorov akabvuma kuti atirari of Reserve Front. Major-General akatanga kuronga kuzvidzivirira akavhiyiwa pamusoro nechepakati akabatana kuti kufambira mberi Wehrmacht. Ndiye akagadzira counterattack Yelnia. Musi waSeptember 6, guta raiva vasunungurwa. Kunyange zvazvo Kubudirira uku kwaiva kwenguva duku, akasatendera rasai nguva. VokuGermany vari rakabayirwa munharaunda Smolensk kwemwedzi miviri, nekuti zvakanga kumucheto Moscow muchando chete.

Hondo pedyo Moscow

Mukutanga October, zvaanotaura yaiva Mozhaisk kuzvidzivirira mutsetse, kugadzirira kwezvivako zvayo. 15 Kuwanda vakuvara Dmitry Lelyushenko Akatora murayiro pamusoro 5th Army kukabatanidzwa Arms. The inokosha basa muchinangwa kugadzwa Georgy Zhukov, uyo pachake asaina runoenzanirana murayiro. inotungamirwa Izvi zvakakonzera ropa kuzvidzivirira hondo pedyo Borodino. October 18 nokuda kwemasikati vavengi vanoti Bet akanyengetedza kuti zvakakosha kuti vabve muguta. Uyezve kunonoka kungaita zvakatipoteredza wehondo yose. Welcome rakapiwa. Mauto vakadzokera shure.

Mukutanga November, chechi5 Army vakatora kuzvidzivirira panzvimbo iri kumucheto Moscow. Kurwa kwakava pano mumwe kiromita. Mauto Soviet vachitsigirwa atirari uye Anti-tangi muzvikamu sefa. Vanogara kumucheto guru, Dzvuku Army akatanga kugadzirira pakaunda-kunogumbura pedyo Moscow. November 9, Leonid Govorov akava refutenendi-mukuru.

The yakaoma wakauya December 1 apo vanhu vokuGermany dzakapasanura napakati pamberi nzvimbo yaigara 5th Army. Atirari mukuru pachake akatungamirira mupomerwi. The muvengi akakwanisa kufamba makiromita chete 10 uye pasina nguva akanga akadonhedza. December 5th pakutanga Soviet pakaunda-kunogumbura pa Moscow.

kugadzwa itsva

Muna April 1942, Leonid Govorov muchidimbu kwakadonha dzakabvarurwa pamusana rikwanise kurwisa appendicitis. At musoro wayo 5th Army akamira Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25 akadzorera Govorov mugove mutsva. Akaenda kuna Leningrad mberi, izvo wakarairwa chaizvo boka revarwi Soviet (nayo yaisanganisira 55th, 42th uye 23th Army). Kuva panzvimbo itsva, refutenendi-General Kunyanya kushingaira vakatanga mabasa ake.

Akasika kubva muvare Leningrad atirari Corps, zvakagadzirirwa pakaunda-bhatiri kurwisana. Nokuda aomerwa nemutungamiriri pamberi asvika uye yakachena zvokuchenesa itsva ndege. On the Nzira kuna Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) akasika itsva akavakirirwa. munda nzvimbo shanu. Vakava rutivi kwegadziriro kuramba kuhondo. Vakanga vakaiswa chete kuvakwa pamwe muchina-pfuti uye atirari battalions. Nokuti zviri nani kudzivirira Leningrad mberi kuchengeterwa rakaumbwa. Anoti ayo zvisarudzo rinotungamirirwa vapfumi ruzivo vaunganidza panguva kurwisana pedyo Moscow. Zvinonyanya dzakateerera pakusikwa chipingamupinyi zviyero, mobile mapoka nezvimwe woshanda dzakabatana.

Main atirari Directorate of Red Army akatanga unokupai guta guru-caliber projectiles. Izvi akabvumira kutanga kuparadzwa yomuvengi kukombwa mabhatiri, ita zvikuru kukuvara zvivako uye nevagari. Govorov aifanira panguva kugadzirisa matambudziko maviri. Kudivi rimwe, aifanira kuronga mupomerwi uye funga nokutyora blockade, uye mumwe mukuru akaita zvose zvaaigona kuti vabatsire kuziya vanhu Leningrad.

Red Army kuedza dislodge vokuGermany kubva pedyo Leningrad vakakundikana. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, Michael Khozin (pamberi mukuru) waiva kunyimwa muhofisi yake. Panzvimbo akagadzwa Leonid Govorov. All kuburikidza muzhizha 1942, iye akagadzirira Neva operative uye 55th hondo kuna Sinyavskaya tsamwisa boka. Zvisinei, mumatsutso, zvakava pachena kuti Soviet Army munzvimbo havambokwanisi simba kubvisa nzira kuna Leningrad (ichi chaiva chikuru inokosha chinangwa chacho). October 1 Govorov akagamuchira zvirevo yokubva kwavo yepakutanga nzvimbo. The chakazoitwa pamuzinda pashure nhaurwa. Zvisinei, "kurwisana vemo" akaramba. Saka mishumo vakadaidzwa madiki chiito. Havana kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu panguva mberi, asi zvinooneka vaipfeka pasi muvengi ukabatwa pemigero kubva munyika yavo. Apo Govorovo Leningrad rakakamurwa sectors. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva zvachose ravarwi. Ngwizhingwi mapoka kuti dzakaumbwa munzvimbo mafekitari, kukabatanidzwa kupinda battalions.

Kuedza kuputsa blockade

Artilleryman nokurovedza, Govorov akanga dzinoshandiswa weuto, rwaiumbwa revarwi ose inobvira siyana. Asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa akakurumidza kupinda famba zvinhu. Akakwanisa nokukurumidza kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye aiziva nomusoro nzvimbo Soviet uye German mauto chero mberi. Leonid Govorov nguva dzose vainyatsoteerera ake pasi, haana zvinodzongonyedza Zvisinei, uye haana kufanana chinhu verbiage. Aiva murume wakaoma kuzviremekedza sangano, uye vanoda zvakafanana nevamwe. In Leningrad dzimbahwe tsika yakadaro inonzi aitya kuremekedzwa. misoro Party (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, uye Shtykov t. D.) Kuonekwa naye tichimutya.

Muna January 1943, Leningrad mberi akavhunduka zvakare. January 18 blockade mhete rwakavhunika Northern guta. Ita zvinoita nekuvongwa maviri pakaunda-kuvhunduka Volkhov (pasi murayiro Kirilla Meretskova) uye Leningrad fronts (akarayira Leonid Govorov). muvengi muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano vakakamukana, uye mauto eSoviet vakasangana kumaodzanyemba Lake Ladoga.

Kunyange asati yokupedzisira budiriro iri blockade Govorov akapiwa chinzvimbo konoro mukuru. Muzhizha 1943 67th Army, waakaraira, akatora chikamu mukushanda Mga. Basa racho rakanga kumisa achitonetsekawo Kirov Railroad kumaodzanyemba Lake Ladoga. Kana kukurukurirana vakasunungurwa kubva vokuGermany, Leningrad aizova akavimbika uye zvakakunakira nzira yokukurukurirana nayo napamwe. Zvakanga rinorema kurwa. Mauto Soviet nokuda kuperevedza mauto vasingagoni kuita zvose mabasa, uye yematsutso Mga protrusion kuchinja. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva yakanga kushandira Red Army uye Wehrmacht pasi kuwedzera kuoma.

Kusunungurwa Leningrad

In kuwa muna 1943, prices akatanga gadziriro itsva Leningrad-Novgorod Kurwisa. November 17 Leonid Govorov akava General of Army. Pakutanga 1944, mauto pasi pokutungamirira kwake dzakapasanura napakati muvengi dzakadzivirirwa akapoteredza Leningrad. January 27 inokwana zviyero eGermany kare anenge makiromita zana kubva muguta. The blockade wakazvikudza zvakajeka. Pazuva iroro pachinzvimbo Govorov Stalin akapa kuti abate mafayawekisi ari vasunungurwa guta.

Zvisinei, panguva mhemberero yaiva zvishoma. Nokukurumidza Paakadzokera mabasa ake, Leonid Govorov akatungamirira nevarwi Leningrad mberi yakananga Narva. Muna February, Red Army akayambuka rwizi. Patsime counteroffensive vakaswedera kusvika makiromita 250. It akasunungurwa zvinenge vose Leningrad, uyewo vamwe kuKalinin pedyo.

Achirwira pamwe Finns

June 10, mauto Front vakatumirwa kuchamhembe nokuda Vyborg-Petrozavodsk oparesheni. Huru mupikisi mune mirayiridzo iyi yaiva Finland. The Headquarters vakatsvaka kusada hondo yakabatana ari Reich. Tumitauro akatanga kushanda enhema zvomuenzaniso rinoshamisa. Pausiku reFinnish ungwaru yakawana kudzidziswa nezvichazoitika muna Narva mudunhu. Zvichakadai, Zvikepe Soviet akanga chichivheyeswa 21 Uto riri Karelian Isthmus. Nokuti muvengi, nokurova ichi zvakandishamisa wakakwana.

Uyewo, asati kutanga Govorov akarayira kuti kuitisa atirari kurovedzwa uye dzakatevedzana mhepo nenjodzi. Mumakore akatevera mazuva gumi, hondo Leningrad mberi akaputsa kuburikidza misara mitatu kudzivirira panzvimbo aimbova mukuru Mannerheim Line, iyo rakavakwazve panguva basa. Leonid Govorov muchirongwa Soviet-Finnish hondo 1939-1940. Aiziva nharaunda uye kunyanya hondo muvengi.

Kukurumidza kufambira mberi Red Army aiva kusunungurwa Vyborg June 20, 1944. Mazuva maviri kuti asati, Leonid Govorov akava Marshal of Soviet Union. Rank kwaiva kuratidzwa vemauto makodzero. Akatora chikamu musangano ane nhamba remapazi zvinokosha: kuti vadzivise kudenha vokuGermany pakutanga yehondo, akadzivirira Moscow, Leningrad, akasunungura pakupedzisira akarwa Finns.

Pashure kudzorerwa simba yeSoviet muna Vyborg kurwa zvaitambidzwa Karelian Isthmus. Paiva vanenge zvose Finnish hondo (60 zviuru vanhu). The tsamwisa Soviet yakanga rakaoma nokuda pemakomo nzvimbo idzi. Water njodzi, masango akasvibira, kushaya migwagwa - izvi zvose seiyi kusunungurwa nekamukwavarara. Mavara vakawedzera Nokurasikirwa of Red Army. Panyaya iyi, July 12 Bet akapa kuti vaende pamusoro achizvidzivirira. Uyezve pachine mberi Karelian mberi mauto. Muna September, Finland akabva kuhondo uye akabatana mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany '.

Muzhizha kunopera uye Mumatsutso 1944, Marshal Govorov yakatanga akavhiyiwa muEstonia kusunungurwa. Muna October, iyewo chikwata mabasa muchiuto muna kusunungurwa Riga. Kamwe guru Latvia akanga rinocheneswa vokuGermany, vakasara Wehrmacht mauto ari reBaltic munyika zvakavharwa muna Courland. Kuregwa boka iri rakazoshandiswa May 8, 1945.

pashure pehondo,

In yorunyararo, Leonid Govorov akatanga kugara kumusoro uto zveutungamiri. Aiva mukuru Leningrad Military District uye mutungamiri Air Defence. Under utungamiriri hwake, mauto ndagura chinokosha nokubatanidzwazve. Mukuwedzera, simbi vakagamuchira zvombo zvitsva (murwi jets, zvombo Anti ndege, radars uye zvichingodaro. D.). The nyika akaita nhovo vanonzi NATO uye US pazvaizoitika munguva zvichiitika Cold War.

Muna 1952, wokupedzisira paitonga Stalin XIX Congress of CPSU, Leonid Govorov akasarudzwa kuva kukwikwidza nhengo Central Committee. Muna 1954 akatanga nokubatanidza pambiru mutungamiri Air Defence wegurukota Kudzivirira Soviet Union. Zvokuita uye kunetseka isakarurama zvakakanganisa utano yokukunda. Leonid Govorov, akafa March 19, 1955 kubva sitiroko paaiva zororo Barvikha pachipatara pacho.

Nhasi, vachikudza Marshal ainzi migwagwa mikuru mumaguta yaimbova USSR (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Kunyanya kungwarira kuti tikoshese ndangariro kwayo mune yaimbova Leningrad uye vasunungurwa kuburikidza akavhiyiwa ashandiswe pasi kutungamirirwa Govorov. On zvivako zviviri vane plaques uye paki iri Fontanka River anonzi vanomutevera. Muna 1999 Yaitika nzvimbo yaiva chiyeuchidzo L. A. Govorovu.

chinokudza

Makore kurwa nzira Leonid Alexandrovich Akaperekedzwa dzakasiyana-siyana Medals uye honorary okuremekedza. Muna 1921, pashure maronda maviri ramangwana Marshal Govorov akagamuchira Order of Red Banner. Akanga anokudza mubayiro ichi kuti ushingi uye ushingi munguva Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj kushanda apo Wrangel mauto pakupedzisira vakapfuura muCrimea. Mushure Soviet-Finnish War Govorov akagamuchira Order of Red Star.

Mumazuva pazvakanga zviri Great Patriotic War, apo Wehrmacht mauto vakanga vamire pedyo Moscow, kuti Leonid Aleksandrovich aiva mumwe vatungamiriri kwokudzivirira guru. November 10, 1941, pazuva avaida kuti counteroffensive, akagamuchira Order of Lenin. mubayiro Next kumutarisira pashure anotyora blockade kuti Leningrad. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, ane Biography ari Biography mumwe hunonyanya vehondo Hondo Yenyika II, akagamuchira anokudzwa Order of Suvorov I dhigirii.

Aiva ruoko mu vabudirira vazhinji Red Army panguva kusunungurwa mundima USSR nokuda basa nevarwi Wehrmacht. Saka hazvishamisi kuti January 27, 1945 Marshal Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich akatonyanya uye Hero of Soviet Union. Pakati mibayiro ake rinewo Medals dzakawanda izvo paakavapa nokuda rusununguko kana kudzivirira maguta makuru.

May 31, 1945, vhiki shomanana pashure Germany mapfumo pasi, Govorov akanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa "Victory". Munguva yose ariko chiratidzo kukudzwa kwakadaro paakavapa vanhu 17 chete, izvo, chokwadi, anosimbisa kukosha Leonid mupiro kuti kukundwa nevaNazi muHondo Yenyika II. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti, kunze Soviet, uye akagamuchira vatorwa mibayiro: sezvakarayirwa Legion Kukudzwa (France), uyewo American Order "Legion Kukudzwa".